Veterinary microbiology最新文献

{"title":"A novel neuro-attenuated vaccine candidate with excellent safety and protective efficacy against highly virulent Feline Herpesvirus-1","authors":"Mingyu Qi ,&nbsp;Mengfang Yang ,&nbsp;Ruxue Luo ,&nbsp;Lingying Fang ,&nbsp;Yixi Chen ,&nbsp;Jianuo Gao ,&nbsp;Zhe Jiao ,&nbsp;Yuejun Shi ,&nbsp;Guiqing Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is a major pathogen responsible for respiratory, ocular and nervous system symptoms in felines. FHV-1 can remain latenct in ganglia and is difficult to eliminate completely with drug treatment. Currently, commercially FHV-1 vaccines are not sufficiently effective and provide only limited durations of protection. To enhance vaccine efficacy and reduce latent virus in tissues, two gene deletion mutants of FHV-1 conveyed excellent proliferation ability, genetic stability and attenuated FHV-1 virulence were constructed by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination, designated as FHV-△US3 and FHV-△UL50. Recombinant FHV-1 induce stronger cellular and humoral immune responses, as well as better protective effects than those of commercial vaccines. Notably, FHV-△US3 and FHV-△UL50 reveal neuro-attenuated, as viral residue in the trigeminal ganglia are significantly reduced. The knockout of the UL50 gene in FHV-1 has not been previously reported. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of FHV-△UL50, highlighting its potential as a novel neuroattenuated vaccine candidate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IFN-β contributes to astrocyte activation in the brain following coronavirus PHEV infection independent on peripheral immunity","authors":"Junchao Shi ,&nbsp;Qianhan Jia ,&nbsp;Yanfang Yu ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Zi Li ,&nbsp;Wenqi He","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (PHE), caused by a betacoronavirus named porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), is a highly fatal disease of pigs characterized by nonsuppurative encephalitis. Activation of astrocytes is a hallmark of viral encephalomyelitis; however, the mechanism of PHEV-induced astrocyte activation is currently unknown. Based on mouse model, we show that PHEV infection led to astrogliosis in mouse brain and brain slice cultures (BSCs), as indicated by increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). PHEV can neither infect nor activate primary astrocytes <em>in vitro</em>, indicating that activation of astrocytes maybe mediated by factors secreted from viral infected neurons but not by direct viral infection of astrocytes. PHEV infection results in increased interferon (IFN) response in later stage, we thereafter focused on whether IFN-β can activate astrocytes after PHEV infection similar to other neurotropic viruses. IFN-β treatment resulted in both the upregulation of GFAP and activation-associated cytokines/chemokines in mouse primary astrocytes. Furthermore, the addition of IFN-β neutralization antibody prevented PHEV-infected mouse brain tissue homogenate from activating astrocytes. Taken together, IFN-β triggers the activation of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) following PHEV infection. Further understanding of the role of activated astrocytes during PHEV infection may provide new insights for treatment this disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence and shedding of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in intensive swine farms of China from 2022 to 2023","authors":"Yuetao Xu ,&nbsp;Meng Sun ,&nbsp;Zhunxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Li ,&nbsp;Yijun Du ,&nbsp;Ping Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine epidemic diarrhea has emerged as a significant threat to the global swine industry. The shedding and exposure status of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in intensive farms is not completely understood. In this study, a total of 56,598 clinical samples collected from 256 intensive pig farms in 20 provinces in China from 2022 to 2023, were evaluated for PEDV using quantitative real-time PCR. The overall PEDV prevalence was 11.78 % and 28.45 % at the sample and farm levels, respectively, which are relatively high in Northern China and the fourth and first quarter of the year. The PEDV-positive rates and viral loads in suckling piglet herds were higher than those in growing-finishing pigs and multiparous sows. Meanwhile, 15.61 % of pig pens, 9.51 % of corridors, 9.4 % of office areas, 9.23 % of production personnel, and 8.33 % of pig cart driver samples were positive for PEDV, indicating potential biosafety gaps in intensive pig farms. In addition, 93.41 % of inguinal lymph node tissue samples contained viral nucleic acids, revealing a possible persistent infection of PEDV in pig herds. Our study presents the first report of the large-scale detection of PEDV in intensive pig farms, which constitutes indirect evidence of virus circulation in pig herds. This study provides valuable data for preventing and controlling PEDV infection in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Variant Porcine Parvovirus 1 in Northern China","authors":"Huiwei Deng,&nbsp;Mengting Wang,&nbsp;Guangyi Cong,&nbsp;Fang Fu,&nbsp;Li Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine parvovirus type 1 (PPV1) can lead to reproductive disorders in pregnant sows, including stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, and infertility (SMEDI syndrome). In this study, we isolated and identified 10 PPV1 strains in northern China, with genomes around 5<!--> <!-->kb long and minor deletions in the 127-nt repeat region. The sequence analysis results showed that compared with strain NADL-2 (Reference strain), eight amino acid substitutions on the NS1 protein and fourteen amino acid substitutions on the VP2 protein were found in the ten isolates. Because the JX strain exhibited reduced neutralizing activity induced by commercially available vaccines in vitro, it was selected for challenge experiments in sows at 35 days of gestation. Mutant strain JX not only caused viremia, but also mild edema and mild inflammation in the trachea, lungs, lymph nodes, reproductive organs, and some intestines of the pregnant sows. Strain JX also caused fetal congestion and organ infection after penetrating the placental barrier. In conclusion, this study focused on the variation and evolution of PPV1 in northern China, screened a strain with reduced neutralizing activity, and determined that it has a certain degree of pathogenicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of protective efficacy of recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium delivering H9N2 avian influenza virus hemagglutinins(HA) antigen vaccine candidate strains by C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 in chickens(chCCL5)","authors":"Jingwen Ma ,&nbsp;Shunshun Xu ,&nbsp;Zewei Li ,&nbsp;Yu-An Li ,&nbsp;Shifeng Wang ,&nbsp;Huoying Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The H9N2 inactivated avian influenza vaccine cannot induce cellular and mucosal immune responses, while the attenuated <em>Salmonella</em> vector as an intracellular bacterium can induce dominant cellular and mucosal immune responses. However, it provides low protection against the virus when delivering viral antigens and needs further optimization. Chicken C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (chCCL5) is an important CC chemokine associated with immune cell chemotaxis, migration, and viral infection. This study connected the sequence of chCCL5 (CCL5) with the hemagglutinin sequence of the H9N2 avian influenza virus (yH9HA), utilizing the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vector containing the delayed lysis system MazE/F regulated by arabinose as a carrier. A vaccine strain of recombinant attenuated <em>Salmonella</em> typhimurium and H9N2 avian influenza virus HA, rSC0130 (pS0017-yH9HA-CCL5), was successfully constructed. The experimental results indicate that yH9HA-CCL5 can be expressed in 293 T cells; compared to the strain without CCL5, rSC0130 (pS0017-yH9HA-CCL5) can induce significantly increased cellular immune responses and provide better protective effects in H9N2 virus challenge experiments. The above results indicate that chCCL5 can significantly enhance the protective effect of <em>Salmonella</em> delivering H9N2 avian influenza virus HA protein vaccine against H9N2 avian influenza virus infection, providing valuable theoretical support for further improving the protective efficiency of recombinant attenuated <em>Salmonella</em> vectors for delivering viral antigens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the immunodominant regions of Senecavirus A-VP1 structural protein via ELISA epitope mapping","authors":"Elizabeth Houston ,&nbsp;Kepalee Saeng-chuto ,&nbsp;Patumporn Jermsutjarit ,&nbsp;Luis Giménez-Lirola ,&nbsp;Avanti Sinha ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Mora-Díaz ,&nbsp;Dachrit Nilubol ,&nbsp;Nicolas F. Villarino ,&nbsp;Pablo Piñeyro","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Senecavirus A (SVA) is an RNA virus in the family <em>Picornaviridae</em> that has been detected in swine-production systems and is associated with vesicular disease and neonate mortality. The viral capsid is composed of four structural proteins: VP1–VP4. Although the VP1 protein has been reported to be the most immunogenic protein <em>in vivo</em>, no information on the immunodominant regions of the SVA polyprotein is available. The objective of this study was to identify the immunodominant regions of SVA polyprotein using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) epitope-mapping approach. The binding effect of SVA polyclonal antibody (SVA-pAb), SVA-VP1 monoclonal antibodies (SVA-mAb), and SVA-positive sera from clinically affected animals were characterized using a set of 18 overlapping SVA VP1-derived peptides by indirect and blocking ELISAs. All VP1 peptides yielded significant signal against SVA-pAb and SVA-VP1-mAb upon indirect ELISA. One peptide (aa 1–20) showed significantly high optical density on SVA recombinant VP1 protein (rVP1) and whole-virus-based indirect ELISAs. The blocking ELISA results demonstrated that peptides spanning aa 165–185 and 225–245 had a 50 % or greater inhibitory effect on SVA-pAb, while six groups of overlapping peptides spanning aa 1–35, 45–80, 90–140, 150–170, 195–230, and 240–264 and two groups of overlapping peptides spanning aa 1–50 and 60–264 showed a 50 % inhibitory effect or greater on swine VP1-mAb and SVA-seropositive swine serum, respectively, against SVA rVP1. Three-dimensional protein homology modeling showed that the peptides binding SVA-pAb are located on the outer surface of the viral capsid, while SVA mAbs and swine-positive sere can bind to epitopes located in both the inner and outer surfaces of the capsid. These linear epitopes showed differential binding and inhibitory activity on mAb and pAb; however, further studies will be necessary to evaluate whether they can act as decoy or neutralizing epitopes. Because mAb antibodies demonstrated a high binding affinity for this set of peptides, this information could lay the foundation for generating and screening specific antibodies for therapeutic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NLRP12 inhibits PRRSV-2 replication by promoting GP2a degradation via MARCH8","authors":"Huiyuan Jing ,&nbsp;Yuzhen Song ,&nbsp;Erzhen Duan ,&nbsp;Jie Liu ,&nbsp;Wenting Ke ,&nbsp;Ran Tao ,&nbsp;Yujin Lv ,&nbsp;Pandeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Wang Dong ,&nbsp;Xianghui Li ,&nbsp;Yongbin Guo ,&nbsp;Huawei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NLRP12, a member of the NLR family, has been shown to exert a vital function in orchestrating immune responses. Here, using the immunosuppressive porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) as a model, the role of NLRP12 in virus infection was deciphered. We demonstrated that overexpression of NLRP12 significantly restrained PRRSV replication, while NLRP12 silencing resulted in increased viral titer. Mechanistically, NLRP12 interacts with glycoprotein 2a (GP2a) through its LRR domain and recruits the membrane-associated RING-CH E3 ubiquitin ligase 8 (MARCH8) via the PYD domain. NLRP12 facilitates the lysine-48 (K48)–linked polyubiquitination of GP2a at K128 and induces its lysosome degradation via the MARCH8-NDP52 (nuclear dot protein 52 kDa) pathway. To counteract this, PRRSV Nsp2 effectively prevented the polyubiquitination of GP2a induced by NLRP12 by its deubiquitinating activity. Meanwhile, the overexpression of Nsp4 decreased the mRNA of endogenous NLRP12 and cleaved NLRP12 in a 3C-like protease activity-dependent manner, which collaboratively counteracts the antiviral function of NLRP12. Collectively, this study revealed the mechanisms of the NLRP12-MARCH8-NDP52 axis in the host defense against PRRSV, which might be harnessed for the development of anti-PRRSV therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Tembusu virus single-round infectious particle as vaccine vector in chickens","authors":"Yunzhen Huang ,&nbsp;Zhe Liu ,&nbsp;Junqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiawen Dong ,&nbsp;Linlin Li ,&nbsp;Yong Xiang ,&nbsp;Ruihuan Kuang ,&nbsp;Shimin Gao ,&nbsp;Minhua Sun ,&nbsp;Yongjie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Orthoflaviviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses characterized by highly efficient self-amplification of RNA in host cells, which makes them attractive vehicles for vaccines. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of orthoflavivirus replicon vectors for vaccine development. In this study, we constructed Tembusu virus (TMUV) replicon-based single-round infectious particles (SRIPs) as vaccine development platform. To evaluate the potential of TMUV SRIPs as vaccines, we generated SRIPs that express the heterologous Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) fiber2 protein and fiber2 head domain, named TMUVRP-fiber2 and TMUVRP-fiber2H, respectively. To assess the immunogenicity of the TMUV SRIPs, SPF chicks were intramuscularly inoculated twice. Our results showed that the TMUVRP-fiber2 vaccines elicited high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Challenge experiments showed that TMUVRP-fiber2 provided full protection against virulent FAdV-4 and significantly reduced viral shedding. Moreover, the immunogenicity of TMUVRP-fiber2H was significantly lower than that of TMUVRP-fiber2, which was reflected in the neutralizing antibody titer, survival rate, and virus shedding after challenge. Therefore, our results suggested that TMUV SRIPs are a promising novel platform for the development of vaccines for existing and emerging poultry diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early antibody responses to lipid antigens in red deer infected with Mycobacterium bovis","authors":"Paul S. Mason ,&nbsp;Maria A. Risalde ,&nbsp;Christian Gortázar ,&nbsp;Joseba M. Garrido ,&nbsp;Dafydd A. Thomas ,&nbsp;Juma’a R. Al Dulayymi ,&nbsp;Mark S. Baird","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The problem: Early and rapid diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis remains an issue of great interest. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of synthetic lipid antigens for diagnosis of tuberculosis in red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>). The proposition: Synthetic mycolic acid derivatives, identical to components of mycobacterial cells, bind to antibodies to lipids produced in active human tuberculosis. Experimental infection studies in red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>) allow the evaluation of such antigens for the serodiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Results: Antibody levels in plasma from deer experimentally infected with <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em> were evaluated in ELISA using synthetic antigens based on several classes of mycolic acid, using protein G as conjugate. All antigens gave significantly increased responses 60 days post-infection, when all animals had active disease. A significantly increased response was also observed with four antigens 15 days after infection. Conclusion: ELISA using synthetic lipid antigens not only detects antibodies in the plasma of deer experimentally infected with <em>M. bovis</em>, but a strong response occurs early in the infection. With a full analysis of responses with naturally infected animals, this may offer a useful supplement to current diagnostic methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of antimicrobial peptides in the poultry industry","authors":"Letícia Ferreira Lima ,&nbsp;Kamila Botelho Sampaio de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Karen Ofuji Osiro ,&nbsp;Victor Albuquerque Cunha ,&nbsp;Octávio Luiz Franco","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poultry meat production and exportation contribute significantly to the global economy. However, various infections affect poultry production and consequently affect the economy. Nowadays, antibiotics are widely used in infection treatment and prevention. Antibiotic overuse is problematic because may cause antimicrobial resistance, which can be transferred to humans directly or indirectly, affecting public health. In addition, since antibiotics for animal growth stimulation are banned, it is important to search for new molecules to overcome these difficulties. As an alternative, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can show immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and growth stimulation, which makes these molecules interesting as alternatives to antibiotic use. Studying AMPs can provide new ideas for treating the most important infections that affect poultry. Besides, this can assist in reducing the resistance problem. This review aims to examine recent studies about AMPs used against pathogens that can affect the poultry industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}