Veterinary microbiology最新文献

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Heterologous expression and immunological reactivity of the recombinant lipoprotein GUDIV-517 from Ureaplasma diversum 分散尿原体重组脂蛋白GUDIV-517的异种表达及免疫反应性研究
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学
Veterinary microbiology Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110700
Manoel Neres Santos-Junior , Samuel Lacerda Fogaça , Manuel Alvarez Troncoso Corbacho , Janaina Marinho Fernandes , Wanderson Souza Neves , Ronaldo Silva Santos , Maysa Santos Barbosa , Lucas Santana Coelho Da Silva , Camila Pacheco Gomes , Beatriz Almeida Sampaio , Nayara Silva de Macêdo Neres , Guilherme Barreto Campos , Bruno Lopes Bastos , Jorge Timenetsky , Lucas Miranda Marques
{"title":"Heterologous expression and immunological reactivity of the recombinant lipoprotein GUDIV-517 from Ureaplasma diversum","authors":"Manoel Neres Santos-Junior ,&nbsp;Samuel Lacerda Fogaça ,&nbsp;Manuel Alvarez Troncoso Corbacho ,&nbsp;Janaina Marinho Fernandes ,&nbsp;Wanderson Souza Neves ,&nbsp;Ronaldo Silva Santos ,&nbsp;Maysa Santos Barbosa ,&nbsp;Lucas Santana Coelho Da Silva ,&nbsp;Camila Pacheco Gomes ,&nbsp;Beatriz Almeida Sampaio ,&nbsp;Nayara Silva de Macêdo Neres ,&nbsp;Guilherme Barreto Campos ,&nbsp;Bruno Lopes Bastos ,&nbsp;Jorge Timenetsky ,&nbsp;Lucas Miranda Marques","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ureaplasma diversum</em> infects cattle and plays a significant role in economic losses in the livestock sector, as it is associated with the development of reproductive and respiratory disorders in these animals. Studies have suggested that membrane-associated lipoproteins (LAMPs) are closely linked to the pathogenicity of these bacteria. Thus, this study aimed to express the lipoprotein GUDIV-517 from <em>U. diversum</em> (rGUDIV-517) in a heterologous system and evaluate the immunogenicity of this antigen in cultured bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The vector pET-28a (+) containing the gene sequence <em>gudiv-517</em> was expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em> BL21(DE3). The recombinant protein was inoculated into mice (BALB/c) to produce anti-rGUDIV-517 antibodies. Indirect ELISA verified immunogenicity. Quantification of nitric oxide (NO) and Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2)</sub> was performed in the PBMC culture supernatant, and expression analysis of IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR2, TLR4, iNOS, and caspase-3 genes was conducted by quantitative PCR (qPCR). This study demonstrated that booster doses of rGUDIV-517 induce increased IgG production and avidity. Recombinant GUDIV-517 also induced an upregulation of the immune response, characterized by increased H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and NO production, as well as the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, in PBMC culture compared to the negative control. All these data make rGUDIV-517 a promising target for diagnostic tests and vaccine development against <em>U. diversum.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 110700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transcriptome profiling reveals a peculiarity of host immune responses to PA-X protein of H9N2 influenza A virus 转录组分析揭示了宿主对H9N2甲型流感病毒PA-X蛋白免疫反应的特殊性
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学
Veterinary microbiology Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110702
Jinsen Wu , Zhimin Wan , Hongxia Shao , Kun Qian , Jiangqiang Ye , Aijian Qin
{"title":"Transcriptome profiling reveals a peculiarity of host immune responses to PA-X protein of H9N2 influenza A virus","authors":"Jinsen Wu ,&nbsp;Zhimin Wan ,&nbsp;Hongxia Shao ,&nbsp;Kun Qian ,&nbsp;Jiangqiang Ye ,&nbsp;Aijian Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>H9N2 avian influenza virus is widely prevalent among poultry populations around the word. PA-X protein of the virus is recognized as pivotal for pathogenicity and replication. However, the molecular mechanisms which remodel host immunity is unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of PA-X in H9N2 using a mutant PA-X recombinant virus(ΔPAX-rH9N2)which did not express PA-X protein. We found PA-X protein significantly impaired viral replication in chicken embryos and mammalian cell lines. Transcriptomic analysis further indicated that PA-X extensively modulates host responses. Through stringent screening, we identified 326 differentially expressed genes and found enriched in immune pathways, membrane systems, and metabolic processes. RT-qPCR confirmed that ΔPAX-rH9N2 infection suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inhibited type I interferon production via the TLR3–IRF7–IFNβ axis. Moreover, ΔPAX-rH9N2 impaired NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to reduced Caspase-1 cleavage, decreased GSDMD processing, and attenuated IL-1β maturation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the PA-X protein in H9N2 influenza A virus serves to balance host immune responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 110702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Panaxadiol acts as an HIF-1α inhibitor to suppress H9N2-induced inflammation Panaxadiol作为HIF-1α抑制剂抑制h9n2诱导的炎症
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学
Veterinary microbiology Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110695
Jian Xu , Leyu Tao , Mengfei Zhang , Shuang Wang
{"title":"Panaxadiol acts as an HIF-1α inhibitor to suppress H9N2-induced inflammation","authors":"Jian Xu ,&nbsp;Leyu Tao ,&nbsp;Mengfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) represents a considerable threat to both poultry industries and public health, not only due to its widespread prevalence but also because of its potential to facilitate the emergence of more virulent influenza strains through genetic reassortment. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in viral pathogenesis, immune modulation, and the regulation of inflammatory responses, positioning it as a promising target for antiviral strategies. In this study, we identified that HIF-1α actively contributes to the inflammatory response triggered by H9N2 AIV infection in MH-S cells. Notably, silencing HIF-1α led to reduced morbidity and mortality in infected mouse models, underscoring its involvement in disease progression. Furthermore, we explored the anti-inflammatory potential of <em>Panaxadiol</em>, an potent HIF-1α inhibitor<em>,</em> against H9N2-induced pathology. In vitro, <em>Panaxadiol</em> treatment markedly diminished the production of key pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, by attenuating HIF-1α signaling. Moreover, <em>Panaxadiol</em> mitigates the cGAS-STING signaling activation through suppressing HIF-1α. Additionally, in vivo administration of <em>Panaxadiol</em> alleviated clinical symptoms and lung inflammation in H9N2-infected mice, while simultaneously enhancing alveolar epithelial regeneration, as evidenced by the upregulation of alveolar type II (ATII) cell markers, Abca3 and Sftpb. Collectively, these findings support <em>Panaxadiol</em> as a promising candidate for controlling influenza-associated inflammation and promoting lung repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 110695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transferrin receptor 1 is an entry factor for Japanese encephalitis virus 转铁蛋白受体1是乙型脑炎病毒的一种进入因子
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学
Veterinary microbiology Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110698
Qing Yang, Shengda Xie, Yundi Zhao, Xinxin Lin, Ning Wei, Miaolei Shi, Ruibing Cao
{"title":"Transferrin receptor 1 is an entry factor for Japanese encephalitis virus","authors":"Qing Yang,&nbsp;Shengda Xie,&nbsp;Yundi Zhao,&nbsp;Xinxin Lin,&nbsp;Ning Wei,&nbsp;Miaolei Shi,&nbsp;Ruibing Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic pathogen that can be transmitted to humans and animals via arthropods, causing viral encephalitis. In this study, we investigated the role of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) in JEV infection. We found that knocking down TfR1 expression in A549 and HeLa cells significantly inhibited JEV entry, while overexpression of TfR1 in 293 T cells enhanced viral entry. The JEV E protein interacts with TfR1, specifically via the protease-like domain (residues 384–606). Additionally, the hTfR1 soluble ectodomain protein significantly blocked JEV infection in HeLa cells, and ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), an iron supplement, downregulated TfR1 expression and effectively inhibited JEV entry and infection. These findings identify TfR1 as an entry factor for JEV and a potential antiviral target, suggesting that small molecule inhibitors like FAC could offer a promising antiviral strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 110698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of the lpfD gene on biofilm formation in Salmonella lpfD基因对沙门氏菌生物膜形成的影响
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学
Veterinary microbiology Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110699
Shuo Yang , Jing Gao , Changxu Yu , Fahui Song , Jikun Wu , Luyang Zhou , Shuqi Wei , Aofei Wang , Yanli Zhu
{"title":"Effects of the lpfD gene on biofilm formation in Salmonella","authors":"Shuo Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Gao ,&nbsp;Changxu Yu ,&nbsp;Fahui Song ,&nbsp;Jikun Wu ,&nbsp;Luyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Shuqi Wei ,&nbsp;Aofei Wang ,&nbsp;Yanli Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> biofilm (BF) formation is crucial for persistent infections, with fimbrial adhesion being key. The regulatory role of the <em>lpfD</em> gene, encoding the tip adhesin of long polar fimbriae (LPF), in BF development is not well understood. This study used whole-genome sequencing to identify the <em>lpfD</em> gene difference between high-BF-forming strain DSE06 and low-BF-forming strain DSK01. Molecular biology techniques created the <em>lpfD</em> knockout strain DSE06-Δ<em>lpfD</em>, complemented strain DSE06-CΔ<em>lpfD</em>, and recombinant strain DSK01-<em>lpfD</em>(+). Growth curves and BF formation of these strains were analyzed using culturing, crystal violet staining, SEM, and TEM. Adhesion and invasion efficiencies on Caco-2 cells were compared, and mRNA expression of key BF genes <em>csgD</em>, <em>csgA</em>, and <em>csgB</em> was evaluated. Results showed genetic modifications did not influence bacterial growth. Among wild-type, knockout, complemented and recombinant strains, the BF-forming capacity of the DSE06-Δ<em>lpfD</em> was significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.01), whereas the DSK01-<em>lpfD</em>(+) demonstrated a significant enhancement (P &lt; 0.01), the DSE06-CΔ<em>lpfD</em> exhibited a partial restoration. BF formed by the DSE06 and the DSK01-<em>lpfD</em>(+) strains displayed dense net structures, in contrast to the dispersed bacterial distribution in DSE06-Δ<em>lpfD</em>. The deletion of <em>lpfD</em> did not alter the ultrastructural morphology of LPF. Compared to the DSE06, DSE06-CΔ<em>lpfD</em>, and DSK01-<em>lpfD</em>(+) strains, the DSE06-Δ<em>lpfD</em> strain generated showed significantly reduced adhesion and invasion rates. In the DSE06-Δ<em>lpfD</em> strain, the expression of <em>csgD</em>, <em>csgA</em>, and <em>csgB</em> was significantly reduced compared to the DSE06 strain (P &lt; 0.01). These results highlight the <em>lpfD</em> gene's crucial role in <em>Salmonella</em> BF formation and its potential impact on controlling infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 110699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bovine viral diarrhea virus eradication in Germany: A never-ending success story or just the last 46 PI animals? 在德国根除牛病毒性腹泻病毒:一个永无止境的成功故事还是仅仅是最后46只PI动物?
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学
Veterinary microbiology Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110697
Kerstin Wernike, Jörn Gethmann, Florian Pfaff, Carola Sauter-Louis, Martin Beer
{"title":"Bovine viral diarrhea virus eradication in Germany: A never-ending success story or just the last 46 PI animals?","authors":"Kerstin Wernike,&nbsp;Jörn Gethmann,&nbsp;Florian Pfaff,&nbsp;Carola Sauter-Louis,&nbsp;Martin Beer","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a globally significant pathogen of cattle, causing significant reproductive failure, immunosuppression, and economic losses. In Germany, a national bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) control program was initiated in 2011, aiming to eliminate the virus through systematic testing and early removal of persistently infected (PI) animals, supported by optional vaccination in the early stage of the program, biosecurity measures, and trade with certified unsuspicious cattle only. By 2024, the PI prevalence among newborn calves had declined from 0.473 % in 2011 to just 0.001 %, with only 46 PI calves detected among over 4 million tested each year. Virus subtyping based on sequencing of the 5’ untranslated region of positive samples identified BVDV-1d as the predominant subtype in most affected federal states though with sequence variation between states, while BVDV-1b was limited to Schleswig-Holstein. Comparisons with publicly available sequences reveal that for some federal states the highest nucleotide identity exists to local strains, while for others there are indications of virus introductions from other European countries. Limited transmission and localized virus persistence are suggested by within-state sequence homogeneity and between-state variation. These findings highlight the significant success of Germany’s BVDV eradication strategy, which led to 99.994 % BVDV-free herds and thereby demonstrated that systematic identification and removal of PI animals, combined with surveillance and biosecurity, can drive virus prevalence to near-elimination levels. Continued molecular monitoring and rapid response to residual cases remain essential to prevent re-emergence and to safeguard the progress achieved toward national BVDV eradication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 110697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Duck plague virus ICP27 protein suppresses IFN-β production by dual targeting of DNA- and RNA-sensing pathways 鸭瘟病毒ICP27蛋白通过双重靶向DNA和rna感应途径抑制IFN-β的产生
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学
Veterinary microbiology Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110696
Mengya Zhang , Yumei He , Fengchen Jin , Mingshu Wang , Qiao Yang , Renyong Jia , Shun Chen , Bin Tian , Xumin Ou , Juan Huang , Di Sun , Dekang Zhu , Mafeng Liu , Shaqiu Zhang , Xin-Xin Zhao , Yu He , Zhen Wu , Ying Wu , Anchun Cheng
{"title":"Duck plague virus ICP27 protein suppresses IFN-β production by dual targeting of DNA- and RNA-sensing pathways","authors":"Mengya Zhang ,&nbsp;Yumei He ,&nbsp;Fengchen Jin ,&nbsp;Mingshu Wang ,&nbsp;Qiao Yang ,&nbsp;Renyong Jia ,&nbsp;Shun Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Tian ,&nbsp;Xumin Ou ,&nbsp;Juan Huang ,&nbsp;Di Sun ,&nbsp;Dekang Zhu ,&nbsp;Mafeng Liu ,&nbsp;Shaqiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin-Xin Zhao ,&nbsp;Yu He ,&nbsp;Zhen Wu ,&nbsp;Ying Wu ,&nbsp;Anchun Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Duck plague virus (DPV), an alphaherpesvirus causing severe economic losses in global waterfowl industries, adopts sophisticated strategies to subvert host antiviral immunity. Here, we identify DPV ICP27 as a pivotal immune evasion protein that concurrently inhibits both DNA (cGAS-STING) and RNA (RIG-I/MDA5-MAVS) innate immune sensing pathways—a novel function unreported in avian herpesviruses. Through co-transfection and infection assays in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs), we demonstrate that ICP27 suppresses key immune sensors' transcriptional and protein expression levels (STING, RIG-I) and the transcription factor IRF7. Co-immunoprecipitation confirms ICP27 binds to IRF7, impairing interferon regulatory functions, impairing interferon regulatory functions. Crucially, infection with ICP27-knockout DPV (DPV-ΔICP27) significantly enhances IFN-β, IL-6, Mx, and OASL expression compared to wild-type virus. Phylogenetic analyses reveal conserved yet species-specific functional divergence of ICP27 across herpesviruses. Our findings identify a unique \"multi-target cooperative suppression\" mechanism employed by DPV, which enhances our understanding of avian herpesviral immune evasion and offers potential targets for developing novel antiviral strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 110696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activation of the TLR2/NF-κB signaling axis by capsid proteinVP1 of feline calicivirus promotes IL-1β expression in vitro 猫杯状病毒衣壳蛋白invp1激活TLR2/NF-κB信号轴可促进IL-1β的体外表达
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学
Veterinary microbiology Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110693
Jiuyuan Liu , Shihui Zhao , Shanling Liu , Yanbing Guo , Shuang Zhang , Di Bao , Yiming Wei , Jiangting Niu , Shushuai Yi , Hongze Shao , Hao Dong , Kai Wang , Guixue Hu
{"title":"Activation of the TLR2/NF-κB signaling axis by capsid proteinVP1 of feline calicivirus promotes IL-1β expression in vitro","authors":"Jiuyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Shihui Zhao ,&nbsp;Shanling Liu ,&nbsp;Yanbing Guo ,&nbsp;Shuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Di Bao ,&nbsp;Yiming Wei ,&nbsp;Jiangting Niu ,&nbsp;Shushuai Yi ,&nbsp;Hongze Shao ,&nbsp;Hao Dong ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Guixue Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feline calicivirus (FCV) induces systemic inflammation in felines, posing a serious threat to feline health worldwide. Severe cases may lead to chronic stomatitis and other inflammatory conditions. However, the precise mechanisms underlying FCV-induced inflammation remain unclear. To investigate the involvement of toll-like receptors (TLRs), in vitro experiments assessed changes in TLR gene expression following FCV infection. FCV infection significantly upregulated TLR2 and TLR7 transcription, as well as expression of the NLRP3 gene. Functional assays revealed that inhibition or silencing of TLR2 markedly reduced FCV-induced transcription and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Conversely, TLR2 overexpression enhanced IL-1β transcription and secretion, further implicating TLR2 in FCV-mediated inflammatory signaling. Mechanistically, FCV infection increased the expression of TLR2 and MyD88, promoted IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, and facilitated NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Disruption of TLR2 or MyD88 abrogated these events, thereby blocking NF-κB activation and downstream IL-1β expression. Inhibition of any component within the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB axis—including NF-κB or IκBα—similarly suppressed IL-1β transcription, expression, and secretion, establishing the central role of this pathway in FCV-induced inflammation. Further experiments demonstrated that FCV virus-like particles (VLPs) can induce IL-1β gene transcription through the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB axis but are insufficient to trigger IL-1β secretion. Dual-luciferase assays confirmed that FCV VP1 alone is capable of activating IL-1β gene transcription via this pathway and directly interacts with TLR2. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that FCV VP1 binds to TLR2, initiates IκBα phosphorylation through MyD88, promotes nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65), and activates the NF-κB signaling cascade. This cascade primes the inflammasome by inducing transcription of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β, as well as expression of the pro-IL-1β precursor, thereby initiating the first signal required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in FCV-infected cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 110693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Porcine angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 serves as an auxiliary receptor to enhance transmissible gastroenteritis virus invasion and replication 猪血管紧张素转换酶2作为辅助受体增强传染性胃肠炎病毒的侵袭和复制
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学
Veterinary microbiology Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110691
Yanjie Huang , Xueli Zhang , Shenglong Wu, Shuai Zhang, Wenbin Bao
{"title":"Porcine angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 serves as an auxiliary receptor to enhance transmissible gastroenteritis virus invasion and replication","authors":"Yanjie Huang ,&nbsp;Xueli Zhang ,&nbsp;Shenglong Wu,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang,&nbsp;Wenbin Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is one of the major pathogen causing swine diarrhea, inducing acute severe atrophic enteritis and lethal watery diarrhea in neonatal piglets with up to 100 % mortality, resulting in significant economic losses to the swine industry. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is known as an invasion receptor for SARS-CoV-2, but its role in TGEV infection remains unclear, and the current understanding of TGEV infection mechanisms is incomplete. In this study, we identified an important role for porcine ACE2 (pACE2) in TGEV infection. Firstly, pACE2 expression was highest in the jejunum of 7-day-old piglets among different age groups, and immunohistochemistry showed that pACE2 is primarily distributed in the apical region of intestinal villi. Functional experiments demonstrated that both inhibition and knockout of pACE2 reduced TGEV replication. Further studies found that both ACE2 inhibitor DX600 and anti-pACE2 specific antibodies (blocking cell surface pACE2) suppressed TGEV invasion. Consistently, pACE2 knockout inhibited early TGEV infection, while pACE2 replenishment enhanced it. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation confirmed an interaction between pACE2 and TGEV-S1, and bioinformatics modeling of the pACE2-TGEV-S1-RBD interface predicted a strong binding tendency between the two proteins. Point mutation assays identified pACE2’s Q556 as a critical residue for this interaction. In contrast, human ACE2 (hACE2) had no significant effect on TGEV invasion. Additionally, pACE2’s promotion of TGEV invasion was found to be pAPN-dependent, further confirming pAPN as the primary invasion receptor for TGEV. Collectively, our study indicates that pAPN is the primary receptor mediating TGEV infection, while pACE2 functions as an auxiliary receptor dependent on pAPN to facilitate TGEV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 110691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MDCK cell line expressing H9N2 avian influenza virus NS1 protein promotes replication of the NS1 gene truncation virus 表达H9N2禽流感病毒NS1蛋白的MDCK细胞株促进NS1基因截断病毒的复制
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学
Veterinary microbiology Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110694
Yuan Liu , Yuchen Yang , Keji Quan , Yuncong Yin , Xiang Su , Xinyu Mao , Hui Yang , Tao Qin , Daxin Peng , Sujuan Chen
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