Veterinary Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Performance evaluation of deep learning models for image analysis: Considerations for visual assessment and statistical metrics.","authors":"Christof A Bertram, Jonas Ammeling, Alexander Bartel, Gillian Beamer, Marc Aubreville","doi":"10.1177/03009858261461760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858261461760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep learning-based automated image analysis (DL-AIA) has been shown to outperform trained pathologists in tasks related to feature quantification. Related to these capabilities, the use of DL-AIA tools is currently extending from proof-of-principle studies to routine applications, including the evaluation of patient samples (diagnostic pathology), regulatory safety assessment (toxicologic pathology), and recurrent research tasks. To ensure that DL-AIA applications are safe and reliable, it is critical to conduct a thorough and objective generalization performance assessment to evaluate an algorithm's ability to accurately predict patterns of interest and possibly evaluate model robustness (ie, the algorithm's capacity to maintain predictive accuracy on images from different sources). In this article, we review the practices for performance assessment in veterinary pathology publications by which 2 main approaches were identified: (1) exclusive visual performance assessment (ie, eyeballing algorithmic predictions) plus validation of the model's application utilizing secondary performance indices and (2) statistical performance assessment (alongside other methods), which requires creation of a test set with ground truth labels that is a hold-out from model development. This article compares the strengths and weaknesses of statistical and visual performance assessment methods. Furthermore, we discuss relevant considerations for rigorous statistical performance evaluation including metric selection, test data set image composition, ground truth label quality, resampling methods such as bootstrapping, statistical comparison of multiple models, and evaluation of model stability. It is our conclusion that visual and statistical evaluation have complementary strengths and a combined approach provides the greatest insight into the DL model's performance and sources of error.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858261461760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An outbreak of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza in California condors (<i>Gymnogyps californianus)</i>.","authors":"Rebecca Kagan, Tabitha C Viner, Nicole M Nemeth, John Buchweitz, Birgit Puschner, Rachel Sheffler","doi":"10.1177/03009858261457964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858261457964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In March and April of 2023, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, H5N1 strain Eurasian lineage goose/Guangdong H5 clade 2.3.4.4b, resulted in at least 17 mortalities of free-ranging California condors (<i>Gymnogyps californianus</i>) in Arizona. Condors presented dead or with neurologic signs and lethargy. Infection resulted in multisystemic inflammation and necrosis that most consistently and severely affected the brain, spleen, and adrenal glands. Immunohistochemistry performed on tissues from a subset of condors labeled cells in multiple organ systems for influenza A virus, most abundantly in neurons, epithelial cells, and mononuclear inflammatory cells and often colocalized with areas of inflammation. Acute blunt force trauma, presumably from ground collision after falling from a height, was a common finding and indicated a rapidly debilitating disease course and neurologic impairment. Hepatic lead concentrations were relatively low with no concurrent incidences of acute lead toxicosis, an otherwise common cause of death in free-ranging California condors. Bone lead reflected long-term lead accumulation in several condors. Assessment of ingesta in 8 condors via morphologic hair identification showed a mix of consumed taxa, most commonly Bovidae. In summary, California condors, like other New World vultures (family Cathartidae), are highly susceptible to this strain of H5N1, and this should be taken into consideration when planning release, feeding, and morbidity and mortality responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858261457964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to Sudden death of a cynomolgus monkey due to transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) after xeno-transfusion from a minipig.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/03009858261438044","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858261438044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histomorphologic evidence supports a hyperplastic pathogenesis of fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin/peripheral odontogenic fibroma and proposal of fibromatous hyperplasia of the gingival ligament as unifying nomenclature.","authors":"Cynthia M Bell, Brian G Murphy, Jason W Soukup","doi":"10.1177/03009858261457960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858261457960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin (FEPLO), also known as peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POF), is a benign gingival lesion that occurs frequently in dogs. Common use of both names is cumbersome and confusing yet persists due to disagreement regarding pathogenesis. With the objective of clarifying the histogenesis and pathogenesis, 100 canine FEPLO/POF lesions that had been surgically excised en bloc were evaluated histologically to characterize the lesion's relationship to surrounding anatomic structures and to document concurrent pathologies in those tissues. No lesions involved the periodontal ligament space, although 88/100 (88%) lesions attached to alveolar bone, similar to the normal anatomy of the gingival ligament. The lesions consist of fibrous tissue with osteogenic potential, and 54/100 (54%) lesions had bone or cemento-osseous matrix. Odontogenic epithelium was evident in 63/100 (63%) lesions, and the paradental location of the epithelium suggests that the origin of most odontogenic epithelium in FEPLO/POF lesions is a result of hyperplastic junctional epithelium extending into the lesion. Hypercellularity was interpreted as a feature of reactive lesions since 15/17 (88%) hypercellular lesions were ulcerated and 15/17 (88%) were inflamed. Frequent concurrent histologic findings included hypercementosis at the cementoenamel junction of the adjacent tooth (79/89, 89%), reactive alveolar bone (90/100, 90%), and inflammation of alveolar bone (67/100, 67%). While the pathogenesis cannot be determined with absolute certainty, available evidence supports a reactive, hyperplastic process rather than neoplastic. The authors believe that fibromatous hyperplasia of the gingival ligament is an anatomically correct name that accurately reflects the likely etiopathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858261457960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and implementation of a data parsing protocol for companion animal cancer data.","authors":"Chiara Palmieri, Matt Taylor, Mike Rickerby, Peter Bennett, Mieghan Bruce, Mark Krockenberger, Philippa McLaren, Thelma Meiring, Kerrie Mengersen, Gabriele Rossi, Anne Peaston, Attracta Roach, Andrew Stent, Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes","doi":"10.1177/03009858251413572","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858251413572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Companion animal cancer diagnostic reports are text-based documents containing essential information on tumor classification and diagnosis. Establishing an animal cancer registry requires integrating and extracting structured data from diverse report formats across multiple providers. This study presents the development of an object-oriented programming approach to standardize and automate cancer data collection for canine and feline patients, enabling the creation of the Australian Companion Animal Registry of Cancers (ACARCinom); Australia's first national registry of cat and dog cancers. An object-oriented programming approach was developed using the C# language for data processing, tested on sample data from 6 data providers. The initial programming phase focused on designing a parser that identified report sections using regular expressions based on standardized headings. The text was then cleaned to remove unnecessary formatting and HTML tags. Data dictionaries containing preferred terms and synonyms were used to extract key information such as diagnosis, topography, grade, and metastasis, improving consistency and accuracy. A coordinate map of extracted terms was generated to analyze spatial relationships within the report, allowing prioritization of diagnoses. The system also logged parsing decisions and potential issues for expert review. Markup using HTML tags enabled clear visualization of parsed content within the original reports. Extracted data and patient metadata were stored in an intermediary database table, allowing veterinary pathology experts to review and refine entries before final import. This automated solution streamlines data extraction and standardization from diverse sources, enabling the efficient analysis of cancer records and enhancing research and surveillance capacity in veterinary oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"757-767"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13254128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First clinicopathological characterization of body wrinkle condition in Merino sheep and its association with Orf virus infection.","authors":"Álex Gómez, Pablo Quílez, Marta Ruiz de Arcaute, Santiago Sanz, Irati Moncayola, Ramsés Reina, Estela Pérez, Sergio Villanueva-Saz, Lluís Luján, Luis V Monteagudo, Peter A Windsor, Lucía Asenjo, Delia Lacasta","doi":"10.1177/03009858261420280","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858261420280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Merino sheep exhibit a high follicular density, enhancing wool yield but predisposing them to inherited cutaneous disorders, such as breech wrinkle, which is characterized by the appearance of multiple skin folds in the breech area. This study provides the first clinicopathological description of the so-called body wrinkle, a congenital skin condition in Merino lambs where the folds affect the whole-body skin. Four affected lambs displayed generalized alopecia with excessive skin folds. Hematological analysis showed neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and eosinopenia. Histological examination revealed follicular dysplasia, follicular keratinization and keratosis, and degeneration of follicular epithelium, particularly in the outer root sheath. The information obtained from pedigree analysis suggested an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. All affected lambs exhibited severe OrfV lesions in the oral cavity and muzzle, persisting from 2 weeks of age until death at 1 to 2 months. Our results suggest that body wrinkle condition might favor a more prolonged clinical course and more severe outcome of OrfV infection in lambs. Further genetic and immunopathological investigations are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"698-703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146149920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac autolysosome dysfunction associated with reverse osmosis water in a breeding colony of prairie voles (<i>Microtus ochrogaster</i>).","authors":"Jimmy Guan, Dahihm Kim, Glenn Jackson, Anibal G Armien, Elena A Demeter","doi":"10.1177/03009858261420301","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858261420301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prairie voles (<i>Microtus ochrogaster</i>) from 1 of the 3 laboratory animal facilities experienced increased unexpected deaths with no clinical signs. There was a total of 30 deaths in the affected facility and 16 deaths in the other 2 unaffected facilities in the same period. Significant gross findings included cardiomegaly (6/30, 20%) and pleural effusion (4/30, 13%). Heart weights (<i>P</i> = .0049) and widths (<i>P</i> = .0047) were significantly higher in <i>M. ochrogaster</i> from the affected facility than the other 2. Histology revealed cardiomyocytes with intracytoplasmic basophilic granular material in most <i>M. ochrogaster</i> from the affected facility (25/30, 83%). Of the affected animals, other changes included myocardial fibrosis (18/25, 72%), myocarditis (9/25, 36%), and atrial thrombosis (6/25, 24%). <i>M. ochrogaster</i> from the 2 other facilities, that died naturally or were euthanized for unrelated causes, did not reveal similar cardiac changes. Histochemical stains and immunohistochemical assays characterized the intracytoplasmic material as von Kossa negative and periodic acid-Schiff with diastase positive, that immunolabeled for myogenin and sarcomeric actin. Transmission electron microscopy showed the granular material as autolysosomes, with microtubular or filamentous dense aggregates, that were product of mitochondria and myofibrillar degradation. Affected and unaffected colonies are housed similarly, with identical husbandry except for water; reverse osmosis water was used in the affected facility and tap water in the unaffected. Water testing revealed significant differences in mineral content between reverse osmosis and tap water, with marked depletion in calcium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc, sulfate, and orthophosphate. We speculate that the autolysosomal dysfunction is a result of mineral imbalance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"735-745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rodent contamination of soft drinks: An evaluation of postmortem changes.","authors":"Teresa Southard, Emily Falls","doi":"10.1177/03009858251405485","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858251405485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eight rodents were submitted for necropsy after being found in soft drink beverages. To determine whether the postmortem changes in these mice were consistent with contamination at the time of bottling/canning or after the beverage was opened by the consumer, we conducted a study of the effects of prolonged rodent submersion in soft drinks. Thirty unmanipulated laboratory mice, euthanized for other reasons, were placed in bottled beverages (diet and regular cola, sweet and unsweetened tea, seltzer water, and water) for time intervals ranging from 3 days to 2 months. Starting at the 1-week time point, all rodents submerged in sealed carbonated beverages at room temperature showed severe, full-body gas distention. This change was not seen if the bottle was uncapped or if the beverage was refrigerated. Other significant changes included staining of the incisors starting at 1 week in the colored beverages (colas, teas), and erosion of the occlusal surface of the incisors starting at 2 weeks in the acidic beverages (colas, teas, seltzer). Visceral decomposition increased with time in all the beverages, but was most rapid in the regular cola. The mice submitted for necropsy showed no gas distention, no incisor erosion, and visceral decomposition similar to the experimental mice at the 1-week time point. As the interval between production and opening ranged from 3 weeks to 3 months, these results suggest that the rodents entered the beverage containers after they were opened by the consumer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"728-734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel spontaneous cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma in chickens.","authors":"Aoi Kurokawa, Yu Yamamoto","doi":"10.1177/03009858251415311","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858251415311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chicken lymphomas are generally classified into three virus-induced tumors: Marek's disease (MD), lymphoid leukosis, and reticuloendotheliosis, with MD being the most common T-cell lymphoma in commercial poultry. In this study, we describe 23 cases of a novel cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma affecting layer chickens aged >1 year in Japan that is distinct from previously known chicken lymphomas. These cases were initially misidentified as MD during routine poultry inspection but were later confirmed as a distinct and novel form of lymphoma. The average incidence of this lymphoma was 0.016%. Histological analysis revealed that the tumors comprised small uniformly round cells that were CD3⁺, CD4^-, and CD8⁺, indicating a cytotoxic T-cell origin. Investigations using immunohistochemistry, <i>in situ</i> hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction ruled out the involvement of known tumor-inducing viruses in the development of these novel lymphomas. These findings confirm the existence of a novel lymphoma type in chickens and provide key histopathological and epidemiological data to aid in definitive diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"625-630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological characterization of a novel model of steatohepatitis in the <i>FAH</i>^<i>-/-</i> pig.","authors":"Silvana N Wilken, Philipp Felgendreff, Anna Minshew, Boyukkhanim Ahmadzada, Seyed M Hosseiniasl, Sara Kazeminia, Kachi Ezenekwe, Ameya Patil, Byoung U Park, Ahmer Sultan, Lindsey Smith, Julio Cisneros Correa, Kamal Hussein, Harmeet Malhi, Roger K Moreira, Scott L Nyberg","doi":"10.1177/03009858251411305","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858251411305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a global health care burden. Appropriate large animal models mimicking the main MASH characteristics of steatosis, inflammation, and hepatocyte damage alongside progression of fibrosis are imperative for robust preclinical studies, especially in the field of hepatobiliary surgery. The present study aimed to characterize a novel model of steatohepatitis in fumarylacetoacetate hydroxylase-deficient (<i>FAH</i>^-/-) pigs. <i>FAH</i>^-/- pigs were generated using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. The animals received a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet and subtherapeutic doses of nitisinone and were followed for 3 months. Liver biopsies were obtained at baseline and every month during treatment. Steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis were assessed by conventional histological scoring systems and by an artificial intelligence (AI) model. Serum liver parameters were analyzed every 2 weeks. Steatosis increased significantly throughout the study, with severe steatosis observed as early as 2 months into treatment. The inflammation score was increased in all animals after 3 months of treatment, whereas the AI-based CD45+ cell count showed region-specific trends in the portal and lobular areas. Collagen content and the corresponding fibrosis stage showed an increase over the 3-month period; however, the difference was not significant. Serum liver parameters did not show any relevant elevations during the study. In summary, we successfully developed and characterized a novel model of steatohepatitis in the <i>FAH</i>^-/- pig within 3 months. Further studies with prolonged observation time and/or cycling of nitisinone administration are needed to evaluate whether progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis could be achieved with this model.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"746-756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13198166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145990911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}