Veterinary PathologyPub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1177/03009858241230103
Matthew Boulanger, Marcus J Crim, Jill Keller, Mark J Hoenerhoff
{"title":"High-mortality epizootic <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i> ecovar Liflandii in a colony of Zaire Dwarf Clawed Frogs (<i>Hymenochirus boettgeri</i>).","authors":"Matthew Boulanger, Marcus J Crim, Jill Keller, Mark J Hoenerhoff","doi":"10.1177/03009858241230103","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858241230103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i> ecovar Liflandii (<i>Mu</i>Liflandii) was identified as the causative agent of mycobacteriosis in a research colony of Zaire dwarf clawed frogs (<i>Hymenochirus boettgeri</i>) at the University of Michigan. Clinical presentation included lethargy, generalized septicemia, cutaneous granulomas, coelomic effusion, and acute mortality. Identification of the mycobacterial species was based on molecular, microbiological, and histopathologic characteristics. These findings indicate that <i>Mu</i>Liflandii is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in Zaire dwarf clawed frogs and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sepsis and coelomic effusion in amphibians. Mycobacterial speciation is important given the variability in pathogenesis within the family <i>Mycobacteriaceae</i> and the implications for both animal and human health as potential zoonoses. The Zaire dwarf clawed frog is a species common in the pet trade, and these findings provide consideration for this pathogen as a potentially important public health concern. This is the first report of <i>Mu</i>Liflandii infection in the genus <i>Hymenochirus</i> and illustrates the diagnostic challenges of differentiating among both mycolactone-producing mycobacteria and <i>Mycobacterium marinum</i>. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of environmental sampling for this pathogen within the tank system, suggesting this mode of sampling could replace the need for direct frog surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"641-652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139724202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veterinary PathologyPub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1177/03009858241246987
Donald J Meuten, Frances M Moore, Phil H Kass, Cheryl A London, Christopher M Reilly, Erin M Romansik, Felipe A R Sueiro
{"title":"\"Errata\" does anyone read them? Revisiting mitotic counts in mast cell tumors.","authors":"Donald J Meuten, Frances M Moore, Phil H Kass, Cheryl A London, Christopher M Reilly, Erin M Romansik, Felipe A R Sueiro","doi":"10.1177/03009858241246987","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858241246987","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"675-677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veterinary PathologyPub Date : 2024-07-01Epub Date: 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1177/03009858231225500
Mary Drozd, Jana M Ritter, Jonathan Peter Samuelson, Maryanna Parker, Leyi Wang, Samantha J Sander, Jill Yoshicedo, Louden Wright, Jenee Odani, Trent Shrader, Elizabeth Lee, Shawn R Lockhart, Ria R Ghai, Karen A Terio
{"title":"Mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 in nondomestic felids.","authors":"Mary Drozd, Jana M Ritter, Jonathan Peter Samuelson, Maryanna Parker, Leyi Wang, Samantha J Sander, Jill Yoshicedo, Louden Wright, Jenee Odani, Trent Shrader, Elizabeth Lee, Shawn R Lockhart, Ria R Ghai, Karen A Terio","doi":"10.1177/03009858231225500","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858231225500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between September and November 2021, 5 snow leopards (<i>Panthera uncia</i>) and 1 lion (<i>Panthera leo</i>) were naturally infected with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and developed progressive respiratory disease that resulted in death. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 sequencing identified the delta variant in all cases sequenced, which was the predominant human variant at that time. The time between initial clinical signs and death ranged from 3 to 45 days. Gross lesions in all 6 cats included nasal turbinate hyperemia with purulent discharge and marked pulmonary edema. Ulcerative tracheitis and bronchitis were noted in 4 cases. Histologically, there was necrotizing and ulcerative rhinotracheitis and bronchitis with fibrinocellular exudates and fibrinosuppurative to pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia. The 4 cats that survived longer than 8 days had fungal abscesses. Concurrent bacteria were noted in 4 cases, including those with more acute disease courses. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was detected by <i>in situ</i> hybridization using probes against SARS-CoV-2 <i>spike</i> and <i>nucleocapsid</i> genes and by immunohistochemistry. Viral nucleic acid and protein were variably localized to mucosal and glandular epithelial cells, pneumocytes, macrophages, and fibrinocellular debris. Based on established criteria, SARS-CoV-2 was considered a contributing cause of death in all 6 cats. While mild clinical infections are more common, these findings suggest that some SARS-CoV-2 variants may cause more severe disease and that snow leopards may be more severely affected than other felids.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"609-620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Granulocytic neoplasm suggestive of primary myeloid sarcoma in 3 dogs.","authors":"Alessandra Ubiali, Valeria Martini, Stefano Comazzi, Selina Iussich, Barbara Miniscalco, Alessia Poggi, Emanuela Morello, Paola Roccabianca, Barbara Rütgen, Clarissa Zamboni, Fulvio Riondato","doi":"10.1177/03009858241257897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858241257897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a solid tumor of granulocytic origin with extramedullary localization. This tumor is rare in humans and animals. The diagnostic approach is heterogeneous, and the definitive diagnosis may be difficult to achieve. Primary MS has never been described as a spontaneous neoplasm in companion dogs. Two purebred and 1 mixed-breed dogs, 6- to 11-year-old, developed round cell tumors in the mediastinum, lymph nodes (LNs) and tonsils, and LNs, respectively. Granulocytic origin and exclusion of lymphoid lineage were confirmed by flow cytometry, supported by immunohistochemistry or immunocytochemistry. Pivotal to the diagnosis were positive labeling for myeloid (CD11b, CD14) and hematopoietic precursors (CD34) markers, along with negative labeling for lymphoid markers. Blood and bone marrow infiltration were not detected at initial diagnosis, excluding acute myeloid leukemia. The behavior of these tumors was aggressive, resulting in poor clinical outcomes, even when chemotherapy was attempted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858241257897"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agustín Rebollada-Merino, Federica Giorda, Martí Pumarola, Laura Martino, Alberto Gomez-Buendia, Umberto Romani-Cremaschi, Cristina Casalone, Virginia Mattioda, Fabio Di Nocera, Giuseppe Lucifora, Antonio Petrella, Lucas Domínguez, Mariano Domingo, Carla Grattarola, Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos
{"title":"Neurobrucellosis (<i>Brucella ceti</i>) in striped dolphins (<i>Stenella coeruleoalba</i>): Immunohistochemical studies on immune response and neuroinflammation.","authors":"Agustín Rebollada-Merino, Federica Giorda, Martí Pumarola, Laura Martino, Alberto Gomez-Buendia, Umberto Romani-Cremaschi, Cristina Casalone, Virginia Mattioda, Fabio Di Nocera, Giuseppe Lucifora, Antonio Petrella, Lucas Domínguez, Mariano Domingo, Carla Grattarola, Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos","doi":"10.1177/03009858241250336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858241250336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurobrucellosis is a shared condition of cetaceans and humans. However, the pathogenesis and immune response in cetacean neurobrucellosis has not been extensively studied. In this multicentric investigation, 21 striped dolphin (<i>Stenella coeruleoalba</i>) neurobrucellosis (<i>Brucella ceti</i>) cases diagnosed over a 10-year period (2012-2022) were retrospectively evaluated. For each case, morphological changes were assessed by evaluating 21 histological parameters. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical expression of <i>Brucella</i> antigen, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), and a selection of inflammatory cell (IBA-1, CD3, and CD20) and cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, and IL-6) markers were investigated. Inflammation of the leptomeninges, ependyma, and/or choroid plexus was lymphohistiocytic, containing macrophages/microglia (IBA-1+), T-cells (CD3+), and B-cells (CD20+) in equal proportion. B-cells occasionally formed tertiary follicles. GFAP expression showed astrocytosis in most cases. Expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2 indicated an intense proinflammatory response, stimulating both macrophages and T-cells. Our results showed that the inflammation and neuroinflammation in neurobrucellosis of striped dolphins mimic human neurobrucellosis and in vitro and in vivo studies in laboratory animals. Cetacean disease surveillance can be exploited to expand the knowledge of the pathogenesis and immunology of infectious diseases, particularly brucellosis, under a One Health approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"3009858241250336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140959764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Postmortem pathologic findings in dogs that underwent total body irradiation and hematopoietic cell transplant: A case series of five dogs with B-cell multicentric lymphoma","authors":"William Benedict, Steven Suter, Danielle Meritet","doi":"10.1177/03009858241249114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858241249114","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative therapies that can help achieve complete remission in dogs with lymphoma include total body irradiation and hematopoietic cell transplant, though there are few reports describing successes and pathologic sequelae of these procedures. During a 10-year period, 94 dogs with multicentric lymphoma received a hematopoietic cell transplant following total body irradiation at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine. Seven of these 94 dogs (7%) died prior to discharge, five (5%) of which presented for postmortem examination. Of these dogs, four received an autologous hematopoietic cell transplant, while one received a haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. All five dogs had bone marrow depletion with all hematopoietic lines affected. Three had systemic candidiasis, while two had bacterial infections. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report to document pathologic findings and development of systemic mycoses in dogs post total-body irradiation therapy and hematopoietic cell transplant.","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to mitotic index is predictive for survival for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/03009858241252668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858241252668","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veterinary PathologyPub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1177/03009858231222227
Arno Wünschmann, Dana Franzen-Klein, Mia Torchetti, Michele Confeld, Michelle Carstensen, Victoria Hall
{"title":"Lesions and viral antigen distribution in bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and great horned owls naturally infected with H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.","authors":"Arno Wünschmann, Dana Franzen-Klein, Mia Torchetti, Michele Confeld, Michelle Carstensen, Victoria Hall","doi":"10.1177/03009858231222227","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03009858231222227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) began in North America in the winter of 2021. The introduced Eurasian H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus subsequently reassorted with North American avian influenza strains. This postmortem study describes the lesions and influenza A virus antigen distribution in 3 species of raptors, including bald eagles (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>, n = 6), red-tailed hawks (<i>Buteo jamaicensis</i>, n = 9), and great horned owls (<i>Bubo virginianus</i>, n = 8), naturally infected with this virus strain based on positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequencing results from oropharyngeal swabs. The birds presented with severe neurologic signs and either died or were euthanized because of the severity of their clinical signs and suspected influenza virus infection. Gross lesions were uncommon and included forebrain hemorrhages in 2 eagles, myocarditis in 1 hawk, and multifocal pancreatic necrosis in 3 owls. Histological lesions were common and included encephalitis, myocarditis, multifocal pancreas necrosis, multifocal adrenal necrosis, histiocytic splenitis, and anterior uveitis in decreasing frequency. Influenza A viral antigen was detected in brain, heart, pancreas, adrenal gland, kidney, spleen, liver, and eye. In conclusion, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and great horned owls infected with the HPAI clade 2.3.4.4b virus strain and showing neurological signs of illness may develop severe or fatal disease with histologically detectable lesions in the brain that are frequently positive for viral antigen.</p>","PeriodicalId":23513,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"410-420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}