Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Etomidate on Tear Secretion and Oxidative Stress Markers in Domestic Male Cats: A Clinical Study.","authors":"Atbin Charehjoo, Hadi Cheraghi, Yashar Rafiei, Ali Karamyan","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6892538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/6892538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of etomidate on tear secretion and tear oxidative stress parameters, including total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI), in domestic male cats. Thirty client-owned male domestic shorthair cats were enrolled in a prospective controlled clinical study and allocated to either an intervention group receiving etomidate (2 mg/kg intravenously) or a control group that did not receive any anesthetic or sedative drugs. Tear secretion and oxidative stress parameters were assessed at baseline (T0) and at 5 (T1), 10 (T2), and 15 (T3) minutes following etomidate administration in the intervention group and at corresponding observation time points in the control group using the Schirmer tear test. Tear production was significantly reduced in the etomidate-treated group at all postadministration time points compared to baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with a clear time-dependent decrease observed during the first 15 min after administration. In contrast, no significant changes in tear secretion were detected in the control group. Tear oxidative stress analysis revealed a significant increase in TOS and OSI at T2 and T3 compared to baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.001), accompanied by a significant reduction in TAC at the same time points. No significant alterations in oxidative stress markers were observed in control cats. These findings demonstrate that etomidate has a marked suppressive effect on tear secretion and induces oxidative stress in tear fluid shortly after administration. Reduced tear production combined with increased oxidative stress may compromise tear film stability and ocular surface integrity, increasing the risk of dry eye-related complications. Accordingly, the use of etomidate should be carefully considered in patients with preexisting ocular disease, and appropriate ocular protection should be implemented during anesthesia, particularly in cases requiring prolonged immobilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6892538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Liposomal Adjuvants Enhance the Immune Response to Recombinant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Antigens in Dairy Heifers.","authors":"Joaquin Cicotello, Camila Miotti, Guillermo Suarez Archilla, Ana Ines Molineri, Diego Aliprandi, Agostina Peña, Ivana Gabriela Reidel, Sonia Ricotti, María Virginia Zbrun, Lourdes Fraile Wirth, Marcelo Lisandro Signorini, Luis Fernando Calvinho, Carolina Melania Isabel Veaute, Cecilia María Camussone","doi":"10.1155/vmi/7845041","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/7845041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of effective adjuvant systems remains a critical challenge in veterinary vaccine design, particularly for infectious diseases causing significant economic losses in dairy cattle. This study evaluated the immunological profile induced by a mixture of recombinant antigens, formulated with cationic liposomes containing different combinations of <i>gemini</i> lipopeptide AG2-C16, bovine-specific CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, and <i>S. cerevisiae</i> mannans, in dairy heifers. Thirty-five dairy heifers aged 8-10 months were randomly assigned to seven groups and immunized with recombinant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> antigens (α-toxin, β-toxin, clumping factor A, and fibronectin-binding protein A) formulated with different adjuvant combinations. Animals received two primary doses 21 days apart, followed by a booster dose 8 months later. Humoral immune responses were assessed through ELISA measuring specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1, and IgG2 levels, while cytokine production was evaluated via whole-blood assays. Results demonstrate that liposomal formulations combining AG2-C16, CpG-ODN, and mannans induce a significant immune response, in heifers, with IFN-γ production. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of new vaccine strategies in cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7845041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Blinded Clinical Trial Evaluating PCSO-524 as an Adjunctive Therapy for Noninfectious Pododermatitis in Rabbits\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9821075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/9821075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/vmi/4177859.].</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9821075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13596003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak Investigation of Marek's Disease in Chickens in Central and Western Ethiopia.","authors":"Yobsan Tamiru, Habtamu Mekonnen, Bayeta Senbata, Demessa Negessu, Abde Aliyi, Begna Bulcha, Abriham Kebede, Waktola Tadesse, Debela Abdeta","doi":"10.1155/vmi/1760044","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/1760044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Marek's Disease (MD) is an economically devastating poultry disease that causes substantial livestock losses and drives up overall health management costs. There was no study conducted on isolation and molecular detection of Marek's disease virus (MDV) in extensively managed local breed chickens in some parts of Central and Western Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study was conducted from September 2021 to October 2022 with the aim of isolation and molecular detection of MDV suspected from outbreak cases in chickens in Central and Western Ethiopia. A total of 94 pooled samples were collected from clinically suspected chickens from four areas, namely, Mako, Guto Gida, Holeta, and Sebeta subcity. Samples were collected from chickens in both intensive and extensive production systems, but nonvaccinated birds against MDV were obtained only from the extensive system.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>From the clinical samples tested based on quantitative real-time PCR, 75 (79.78%; 75/94) tested positive for meq gene of the virus. Of these, 36.17% (34/94) of the positive samples were obtained from the feather (34/41) and the rest (43.62%; 41/94) were obtained from postmortem tissue (41/53) samples. From the overall prevalence of 79.78% (75/94), the highest score was recorded in Holeta town (95.65%), followed by Mako District (88.89%), Sebeta Subcity (62.5%), and Guto Gida District (57.89%). Though there are confounding factors such as vaccination status, significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.04) higher real-time PCR positive results were obtained in exotic breeds. From 10 pooled liver samples, all samples (100%) tested positive for the virus using real-time PCR. Similarly, all examined organs showed complete positivity: kidney (10/10, 100%) and spleen (10/10, 100%). However, from six pooled samples of proventriculus samples, only one (1/6, 16.67%) sample was positive for the virus, whereas 34 (82.9%) pooled feather follicles from clinically sick chickens were positive for MDV1. From a total of 75 real-time PCR positive samples inoculated into DF-1 cells for virus isolation, 45 (60%) of them were able to show cytopathic effects (CPEs) on the cell line up to the third passage. The seven (40%) feather samples remained negative against the test until the third passage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides critical insights into the isolation and molecular detection of MDV in chickens from Central and Western Ethiopia, highlighting its significant impact on poultry health and productivity. Detailed genetic characterization of the virus and differentiation of the vaccinal strain from the natural infection in exotic breeds are necessary to have effective prevention and control. Experimental studies are also needed to evaluate differences in susceptibility to MDV among local and exotic poultry breeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1760044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Associated Alterations in Sperm Quality and DNA Integrity in Cryopreserved Bali Bulls (<i>Bos javanicus</i>) Semen.","authors":"Pudji Astuti, Hikmayani Iskandar, Sarmin Sarmin, Claude Mona Airin, Erni Damayanti, Tulus Maulana, Herry Sonjaya","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9299197","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/9299197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related reproductive changes in breeding bulls may influence semen quality and long-term efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) programs. However, molecular indicators of aging, particularly in indigenous tropical cattle such as Bali cattle (<i>Bos javanicus</i>), remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to evaluate age-associated alterations in post-thaw sperm kinematics, DNA integrity, protamine integrity, and testosterone concentrations in Bali bulls. Frozen semen from 10 bulls was categorized into two age groups (< 8 years and > 10 years; <i>n</i> = 5 per group). Sperm motility parameters were evaluated using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), DNA integrity was assessed by sperm-bos-halomax, protamine integrity using chromomycin A3 staining, and testosterone concentrations were measured using ELISA. Total and progressive motility did not differ significantly between age < 8 years and > 10 years (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, bulls > 10 years exhibited significantly higher VSL, DCL, and BCF values, while sperm DNA integrity was significantly reduced. Notably, DNA integrity was significantly reduced in older bulls (91.97 ± 1.32%) compared with younger bulls (97.82 ± 0.48%; <i>p</i> = 0.01), whereas protamine integrity and testosterone concentrations showed no significant age-related differences. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association between progressive motility and DNA integrity in younger bulls (<i>r</i> = 0.84), whereas in older bulls, progressive motility was strongly negatively correlated with testosterone concentration (<i>r</i> = -0.91). These findings indicate that reproductive aging in Bali bulls is primarily reflected by impaired genomic integrity rather than alterations in conventional semen quality or endocrine status. Although total motility, progressive motility, protamine integrity, and testosterone concentrations did not differ significantly between bulls aged < 8 years and > 10 years, sperm DNA integrity was significantly lower in bulls aged > 10 years than in bulls aged < 8 years. These findings suggest that sperm DNA integrity may serve as a more sensitive biomarker of reproductive aging than conventional semen characteristics and may improve the accuracy of breeding soundness evaluation in AI programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9299197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonantibiotic Alternatives for Mastitis in Small Ruminants: A Scoping Review of Evidence, Gaps, and Translational Challenges.","authors":"Ismail Ayoade Odetokun, Damilare O Famakinde, Rodhiat Oyinlola Ade-Yusuf, Afisu Basiru, Mutiat Adenike Adetona, Jennifer Cole, Mabrouk Elsabagh, Elena Garcia-Fruitós, Anna Arís, Mahmoud Eltholth","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6174170","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/6174170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small-ruminant mastitis is a marginalized yet significant challenge with multifaceted impacts on dairy production, animal welfare, economic sustainability, and public health. Reliance on conventional antibiotics to tackle the disease raises concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and food safety, especially amid the globally rising demand for small-ruminant dairy products. Nevertheless, existing research on nonantibiotic alternatives for mastitis in sheep and goats remains poorly synthesized. To consolidate the emerging alternatives and evidence gaps, this review systematically identified relevant peer-reviewed publications from January 2015 to October 2025. Fifteen out of the 963 records yielded were eligible. Eligible studies originated from nine countries across three continents, with notable absences in regions where small-ruminant production coexists with high mastitis burden. Mastitis was studied under either naturally occurring or experimentally induced conditions. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> dominated experimental challenge models, whereas non-aureus staphylococci were more epidemiologically relevant but less represented. A total of 20 nonantibiotic alternatives were identified across the studies, comprising phytochemicals (70%), probiotics (15%), and immunostimulants (5%). Despite their demonstrated potential to reduce antibiotic use in mastitis management, their translational relevance is constrained by factors including predominance of in vitro studies, limited pathogen identification in vivo, infrequent safety assessments, and limited benchmarking against standard-of-care antibiotics. Overall, the current evidence base is fragmentary but nevertheless promising. We believe that integrating strategies including standardizing research design, extending research and funding into underrepresented regions, prioritizing high-powered pathogen-aligned in vivo studies, and incorporating antibiotic comparators and safety evaluations will advance research toward developing sustainable, context-specific nonantibiotic alternatives to promote antimicrobial stewardship in the management of mastitis in small ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6174170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13594565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of Cytopathic Effects Produced by Recent Bangladeshi Field Isolates of PPR Virus in Vero Cells and Preparation of Purified Viral Antigen.","authors":"M S I Siddiqui, Jahan Ara Begum, M R Islam, E H Chowdhury","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9442403","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/9442403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study was conducted to explore the pattern of appearance of cytopathic effect (CPE) produced by a Bangladeshi strain of Peste des petits ruminant's virus (PPRV) in Vero cells during serial passaging, to estimate the virus titer and concentration of PPR viral RNA at different passage levels, and to find out a suitable passage level for viral antigen purification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five isolates of PPR virus from local outbreaks were isolated, confirmed with conventional RT-PCR, and then used as viral inoculant in Vero cells and lamb kidney cell culture (LKC). Morphology of CPE's and pattern of development of CPE were studied and recorded at different passage levels and days postinfection (dpi). Tissue culture fluid (TCF) was used to prepare purified viral antigen by ultracentrifugation and for quantitation by spectrophotometry. Viral titers were determined following an endpoint dilution assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that the CPE was not perceptible in all isolates until 11 dpi for the first six passages. The virus was not detected in TCF of both infected and control flasks by RT-PCR up to the 6th passage. The first CPE appeared on 5 dpi at the 7th passage level for all isolates. The CPE was characterized by initial cell rounding, followed by the formation of small syncytia, progression to total cell infection, and eventual complete detachment of the cell monolayer. Maximum titer (3.5 Log₁₀TCID₅₀) and RNA concentration (260 ng/µL) were found at the 30^th passage level by one isolate (Isolate-F).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is concluded that initiation of CPE production in Vero cells by the Bangladeshi field strain of PPR virus occurs at the 7th passage level. Virus titer and concentration of PPR viral RNA increased with the advancement of passaging, and these are highly related to each other. TCF at higher passage levels, such as the 60^th passage, is most suitable for purification of PPR viral antigen.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9442403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13589194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abattoir-Level Beef Cattle Handling and Its Impact on Meat Quality: A Comparative Analysis of Three Abattoirs of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia.","authors":"Solomon Tsegaye Adane, Ebrahim Oumer","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9375068","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/9375068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meat quality encompasses a set of attributes preferred and evaluated by consumers based on nutritional value, conformation, sensory appeal, and safety. This research was conducted between 2024 and 2025. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an observational study and pH evaluation of meat. Of the six welfare indicators assessed on 384 beef cattle, slipping, beating, trekking distance, and time of rest at lairage were significantly different among the abattoirs. The pH measurements of meat samples (<i>N</i> = 75) indicated that more than half (<i>n</i> = 41, 54.7%) of the total sample was found to be defective meat. Pale, soft, and exudative (PSE); red, firm, and nonexudative (RFN); and dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat quality outcomes were significantly (<i>X</i> ²(4) = 11.7545; <i>p</i> = 0.019) different among the three abattoirs. The odds ratio of DFD (OR = 5.79 and 5) and PSE (OR = 7.71 and 4) meats at the Dessie and Woldia abattoirs were more than 5 and 4 times higher than at the Kombolcha abattoir, respectively. The relative risk ratio (RRR) of occurrence of PSE meat was higher for falling (RRR = 15.08; CI: 3.71-61.25; <i>p</i> < 0.001), beating (RRR = 7.33; CI: 2.01-26.76; <i>p</i> = 0.003), and slipping (RRR = 15.08; CI: 3.71-61.25; <i>p</i> < 0.001) rate increases. DFD meat was also higher on stressors such as trekking distance (RRR = 9.33; CI: 1.89-46.19; <i>p</i> = 0.006), falling (RRR = 13.26; CI: 3.61-48.64; <i>p</i> < 0.001), beating (RRR = 10.67; CI: 3.05-37.29; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and slipping (RRR = 10.88; CI: 3.02-39.09; <i>p</i> < 0.001). In contrast, intermediate lairage stay was not found to be statistically significant for the development of DFD meat (RRR = 13.26; CI: 3.61-48.64; <i>p</i> = 0.270). Therefore, this study concluded that preslaughter handling and meat quality outcomes varied across export and municipal setting abattoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9375068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13589160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of an In-House Indirect ELISA for Serological Detection of <i>Gallibacterium anatis</i> in Laying Hens Using Local Field Isolates.","authors":"Raudatul Jannah, Agustin Indrawati, Ryan Septa Kurnia, Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho, Muhammad Ade Putra, Sri Murtini","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9467618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/9467618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Gallibacterium anatis</i> is an emerging opportunistic pathogen associated with respiratory and reproductive tract infections in poultry, causing reduced egg production and economic losses in laying hens. Serological detection is important for surveillance; however, no validated in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on local Indonesian isolates is available. This study aimed to develop and validate an indirect ELISA for detecting antibodies against <i>G. anatis</i> in laying hens. Five archived isolates were characterized by PCR targeting gyrB, gtxA, and flfA virulence-associated genes, followed by growth rate and biofilm formation analyses. Isolate B116, which showed the highest growth rate and strongest biofilm-forming ability, was selected for antigen preparation. Four antigen extraction methods, including heat treatment at 56°C and 96°C, capsular extraction, and sonication, were evaluated to determine the best coating antigen. Checkerboard titration was performed to optimize antigen concentration, serum dilution, and HRP-conjugated rabbit anti-chicken IgG dilution. Cross-reactivity was assessed using positive sera against <i>Pasteurella multocida</i>, <i>Avibacterium paragallinarum, Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella sp.</i>, and <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>. The optimal ELISA conditions were 7.11 μg/mL coating antigen concentration, 1:200 serum dilution, and 1:8000 conjugate dilution. The cutoff values were 0.156 and 0.189 using mean ± 2SD and mean ± 3SD. Compared with PCR, the in-house ELISA showed 85.0% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity. Field serum testing revealed the highest seropositivity in laying hens aged 29-48 weeks. The developed in-house ELISA demonstrated good diagnostic performance and may serve as a practical tool for large-scale serological surveillance and epidemiological monitoring of <i>G. anatis</i> infection in poultry farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9467618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Dietary Microalgae as Feed Additive in Japanese Quail.","authors":"Tahreem Fatima, Mamoona Tahir, Aqsa Hameed, Faiza Shahzadi, Shabana Naz, Amna Sajjad, Maleeha Manzoor","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6641503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/6641503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to substantial increase of human population, demand for sustainable protein sources of livestock, poultry, and fish also increases. To meet the escalating demand for protein-rich food, there is also need of finding suitable feed ingredients to improve the growth and health of poultry especially quails. Employing microalgae as feed may promote increased health and digestive system functions. Microalgae are considered as a sustainable alternative to the conventional feed due to their unique nutritional composition, high protein content, rich in essential fatty acids minerals, antioxidants and vitamins, and thus have ability to improve quails diet. Additionally, microalgae improve health quality by enhancing immune status, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing antimicrobial benefits. Thus, incorporating microalgae supplementation to quail feed enhances meat and egg quality, improves growth performance, and promotes digestive system functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6641503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}