Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

{"title":"A-Kinase Anchor Protein 4 (proAKAP4): Protein Molecule-Based Fertility Marker of Indonesian Dairy Bull and Its Correlation With Frozen-Thawed Sperm Quality.","authors":"Berlin Pandapotan Pardede, Erif Maha Nugraha Setyawan, Syahruddin Said, Asmarani Kusumawati, Bambang Purwantara, Mulyoto Pangestu, Erdogan Memili","doi":"10.1155/vmi/8367714","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/8367714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The precursor protein of A-kinase anchor protein 4 (proAKAP4), which is abundant in the fibrous sheath of sperm, plays an essential role in sperm motility and has been developed into one of the candidate molecular-based fertility markers. This study aimed to identify proAKAP4 in the sperm of Indonesian dairy bulls and to investigate its correlation with various sperm quality characteristics. The findings are expected to be applied and developed to optimize the use of superior dairy bulls. Frozen semen from 20 Indonesian dairy bulls were used, which had previously been classified based on their fertility levels into two groups: high fertility (HF) and low fertility (LF). Analysis of frozen-thawed sperm quality, such as progressive and total motility, sperm kinematics, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosome integrity, and capacitation status, was carried out in both groups. ProAKAP4 protein in frozen-thawed sperm was analyzed using the Bull 4MID Kit with the ELISA technique. Each dairy bull showed varying proAKAP4 abundance (<i>p</i> < 0.05) from one another. Frozen-thawed sperm quality in HF bulls was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in LF bulls, especially in total and progressive motility, sperm kinematics, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosome integrity, and noncapacitated sperm. The parameters of capacitated and acrosome-reacted sperm showed the opposite results, where the quality in LF bulls was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in HF bulls. The results of proAKAP4 identification showed that the protein abundance in HF bulls was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in LF bulls. Correlation analysis confirmed a strong association (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between proAKAP4 levels and sperm fertility rate. The proAKAP4 protein has great potential to be developed and applied as a marker for determining the fertility of dairy bulls and for selecting superior dairy bulls.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8367714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Results of Intestinal Villi of Laying Hens Exposed With Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) After Giving Citric Acid and Dextrose.","authors":"Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Mirni Lamid, M Anam Al-Arif, Herry Agoes Hermadi, Emy Koestanti Sabdoningrum, Siti Rani Ayuti, Yan-Der Hsuuw","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6623764","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/6623764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The condition known as colibacillosis is still very common in Indonesia, which means that laying hens affected by it are unable to achieve their peak egg production phase. Instead, their egg production is delayed and more susceptible to infection by other diseases. The goal of this study is to determine if the mixture of citric acid and dextrose can inhibit the growth of Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) bacteria in laying hens, ultimately leading to the control of colibacillosis cases in Indonesia. A total of 240 laying hen heads in all were split up into 6 treatments, each with 40 replications.The group received the following treatments: T0 is a treatment for laying hens free of APEC infection and they are given no drink that contains any mixture of citric acid and dextrose. T0 (-) is a treatment for laying hens free of APEC infection but a drink mixture of citric acid and dextrose is administered at a dose of 1 g/2.5 L of drinking water. T0 (+) is a treatment for laying hens infected with APEC up to 2 mL/head orally (3 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) and given a drink without the mixture of citric acid and dextrose. T1 is a treatment for laying hens infected with APEC up 2 mL/head orally (3 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) and given a mixture of citric acid and dextrose at a dose of 1 g/1.25 L of drinking water. T2 is a treatment for laying hens infected with APEC up to 2 mL/head orally (3 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) and given a mixture of citric acid and dextrose at a dose of 1 g/2.5 L of drinking water. T3 is a treatment for laying hens infected with APEC up to 2 mL/head orally (3 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) and given a mixture of citric acid and dextrose at a dose of 1 g/3.75 L of drinking water. The results of this study stated that the mixture of citric acid and dextrose showed a significant decrease in the appearance of the intestinal villi of laying hens, because the results were actually less good compared to the treatment infected with APEC. It is suspected that the dose given may still be excessive in concentration. This can be seen from the dose with the highest concentration range (T1) to the lowest (T3) which showed an image of intestinal villi that had a tendency to improve. Therefore, further research and studies are needed regarding the use of a mixture of citric acid and dextrose in laying hens infected with APEC with a lower dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6623764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Congenital Heart Diseases in Dogs in Tehran, Iran: A Retrospective Study From 2013 to 2023.","authors":"Zeynab Pourghasemi, Nika Norouzi, Narges Safari, Hiva Khakpour, Donya Keypoori, Farzane Shams, Arman Abdous, Mohammad Jokar","doi":"10.1155/vmi/2994461","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/2994461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a major health issue in dogs, contributing to both morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study reviews the epidemiological features and prevalence of CHD in dogs visiting veterinary facilities in Tehran, Iran, over the last 10 years. Medical records were analyzed for 4033 canines that underwent comprehensive cardiac examinations, including echocardiography, between January 2013 and October 2023. In this study, 88 cases of CHD were detected, and an overall prevalence of 2.18% was determined. A significant difference was noted between mixed-breed dogs (8.65%) and purebred dogs (1.63%). Pulmonary stenosis (PS) is the most commonly diagnosed CHD, followed by subaortic stenosis (SAS) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). CHD prevalence correlated strongly with age and gender; in particular, females and older dogs were more likely to suffer from specific CHDs. CHD is most often diagnosed without symptoms, highlighting the importance of regular screenings and careful auscultation for early detection. Future research must focus on identifying the genetic factors that make dogs more susceptible to CHDs and developing more effective methods for diagnosing and treating these conditions in canine populations. This study does not represent the general dog population in the region or the country but provides researchers with valuable insights into the epidemiology of CHD in dogs referred to veterinary hospitals in Tehran, Iran, underlining the importance of monitoring and focused therapies to improve their health and general well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2994461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolates From Bovine Mastitis in Chagni, Northwestern Ethiopia.","authors":"Ahmed Wodaje, Mequanint Addisu Belete, Ashenafi Syoum Menkir, Zemenu Birhan Zegeye, Fanuel Bizuayehu Yihunie","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6473601","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/6473601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland tissue that is generally associated with an infection. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a primary pathogen responsible for bovine mastitis worldwide. Nonetheless, there is limited information on virulence factors and resistance profile of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> associated with bovine mastitis in northwestern Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the frequency of virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility profile of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in dairy cows with mastitis. A cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling method was conducted from October 2022 to June 2023 in Chagni town, Amhara region from a ranch and 20 smallholder farms. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was isolated and identified using standard bacteriological and molecular methods, followed by antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolates. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the study results. Of 140 milk samples tested, 64 (45.7%) were positive for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Enterotoxins (<i>seb</i> = 13 [20.3%], <i>sec</i> = 11 [17.2%], <i>seh</i> = 9 [14.1%], and <i>see</i> = 6 [9.4%]), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (<i>pvl</i> = 11 [17.2%]), toxic shock syndrome toxin (<i>tst</i> = 7 [10.9%]), and alpha-hemolysin (<i>hlb</i> = 7 [10.9%]) were the prominent virulence genes. The isolates exhibited high antimicrobial sensitivity to sulfamethoxazole (87.5%) and gentamycin (79.7%), followed by tetracycline (75%), erythromycin (72%), and azithromycin (71.8%). However, they were highly resistant to cefoxitin (65.6%), followed by erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin (25%). Multidrug resistance was also observed in 23 isolates, which showed resistance to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. Our research identified a significant presence of virulent genes and antibiotic-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> responsible for mastitis, underscoring the critical necessity for enhanced specific mastitis control strategies against <i>S. aureus</i> in the study setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6473601"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11850071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Techniques Associated With Infrared Thermography to Optimize the Diagnosis of Bovine Subclinical Mastitis.","authors":"Raul Costa Mascarenhas Santana, Edilson da Silva Guimarães, Fernando David Caracuschanski, Larissa Cristina Brassolatti, Maria Laura da Silva, Alexandre Rossetto Garcia, José Ricardo Macedo Pezzopane, Teresa Cristina Alves, Patrícia Tholon, Marcos Veiga Dos Santos, Luiz Francisco Zafalon","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5585458","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/5585458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine subclinical mastitis (SCM) is the costliest disease for the dairy industry. Technologies aimed at the early diagnosis of this condition, such as infrared thermography (IRT), can be used to generate large amounts of data that provide valuable information when analyzed using learning techniques. The objective of this study was to evaluate and optimize the use of machine learning by applying the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm in the diagnosis of bovine SCM, based on udder thermogram analysis. Over 14 months, a total of 1035 milk samples were collected from 97 dairy cows subjected to an automatic milking system. Somatic cell counts were performed by flow cytometry, and the health status of the mammary gland was determined based on a cutoff of 200,000 cells/mL of milk. The attributes analyzed collectively included air temperature, relative humidity, temperature-humidity index, breed, body temperature, teat dirtiness score, parity, days in milk, mammary gland position, milk yield, electrical conductivity, milk fat, coldest and hottest points in the mammary gland region of interest, average mammary gland temperature, thermal amplitude, and the difference between the average temperature of the region of interest and the animal's body temperature, as well as the microbiological evaluation of the milk. Using the XGBoost algorithm, the most relevant variables for solving the classification problem were identified and selected to construct the final model with the best fit and performance. The best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC: 0.843) and specificity (Sp: 93.3%) were obtained when using all thermographic variables. The coldest point in the region of interest was considered the most important for decision making in mastitis diagnosis. The use of XGBoost can enhance the diagnostic capability for SCM when IRT is employed. The developed optimized model can be used as a confirmatory mechanism for SCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5585458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison Between Radiographic Vertebral Left Atrial Size (VLAS) and Echocardiographic Methods for Predicting Left Atrial Remodeling in Dogs With Mitral Valve Disease.","authors":"Natália Babolim Pereira, Guilherme Andraus Bispo, Maurício Peres Carneiro, Ricardo de Souza Buzo, Daniela Ribas Jané, Laís Calazans Menescal Linhares, Paulo Sergio Patto Dos Santos, Luciana Del Rio Pinoti, Wagner Luis Ferreira","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5516116","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/5516116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate whether there is a positive correlation between vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) and echocardiographic variables-left atrium-to-aorta ratio (LA/Ao), left ventricular fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular internal diameter in diastole normalized to body weight (LVIDdn), and left ventricular early filling velocity (E-wave)-and the Mitral INsufficiency Echocardiographic (MINE) echocardiographic score. <b>Study Design:</b> Prospective randomized blinded study. <b>Animals:</b> A total of 26 dogs. <b>Methods:</b> Dogs diagnosed with MVD participated in the study. All patients underwent radiographic and echocardiographic evaluation. <b>Results:</b> A high correlation strength could be observed between the left atrial enlargement predictor VLAS and the LA/Ao ratio (88%), as well as with LVIDdn (75%) and E-wave (74%). Furthermore, a correction strength of 84% was verified between VLAS and the MINE score. The analysis of the FS variable did not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship (<i>p</i> value of 0.06). <b>Conclusions and Clinics Relevance:</b> VLAS has a positive relationship and important correlation with the echocardiographic variables and MINE score. Associated with its higher accessibility in clinical routine is a potential diagnostic method to detect left atrial enlargement in dogs, contributing to the diagnostic conduct in DVM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5516116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Serological Investigation of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) and Type 4 (EHV-4) in Horses In Ibagué, Tolima.","authors":"Julieth Michel Petano-Duque, Edwin Urueña-Martinez, Laura Liliana Cabezas-Callejas, Jorge Perilla-Amaya, Valentina Rueda-García, Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán, Ricaurte Lopera-Vásquez","doi":"10.1155/vmi/1661949","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/1661949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EHV-1 is one of the most prevalent viral pathogens in horses; however, its prevalence is not well defined by cross-reactions of serological tests. Thus, this study aims to determine EHV-1/-4 prevalence in Colombian creole horses from Ibagué, Tolima, using molecular techniques, as well as to determine possible risk factors associated with viral infection. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 110 equines blood, serum, and semen samples from Ibagué, Tolima. Antibodies against EHV-1/-4 were determined through indirect ELISA. EHV-1 was detected by amplifying the glycoprotein H gene through heminested PCR, and risk factors were calculated with chi-square, odds ratio, and fisher test. EHV-1/-4 antibodies were found in 11.8% of the horses. Moreover, the presence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 was determined in blood, serum, and semen of healthy clinical equines, with a prevalence infection in horses of 43.36% for EHV-1 and 2.7% for EHV-4. Sex, age, births number, abortions, natural breeding, and artificial insemination did not show significance as risk factors. This study determined a high prevalence of EHV-1 and low prevalence of EHV-4 in horses from Ibagué, Tolima. Furthermore, the possibility of finding the infectious agent in blood, serum, and semen was demonstrated. We recommend the use of blood and serum samples for virus detection and the development of new studies to assess EHV-1 infection feasibility in venereal transmissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1661949"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Camel Brucellosis: Seroprevalence, Associated Risk Factor, and Public Health Perceptions in Arero District of Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Wario Waji Edema, Gemechu Chala Hunderra, Sultan Abda Neja","doi":"10.1155/vmi/3722054","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/3722054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and potential risk factors of camel brucellosis and to assess public health awareness of the disease in the selected kebele of Arero District, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 313 blood samples were collected from selected camels using a systematic random sampling technique. The serum samples underwent initial screening for brucellosis using the rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), with further confirmation through the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA). The overall seroprevalence of camel brucellosis was 7.66% using RBPT and 2.24% using i-ELISA. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations; female camels (OR = 30.16, <i>p</i>=0.05) and mixing camels with other animal species (OR = 0.019, <i>p</i>=0.001 by i-ELISA) were significantly linked to camel seropositivity for Brucella infection. Assessment of public health perception and awareness from 227 owners indicated limited awareness; most respondents lacked knowledge about brucellosis (94.27%), 82.82% were unaware of raw meat risks, 94.27% did not know about brucellosis being zoonotic, and 18.94% consumed raw milk with blood. The majority (94.71%) practiced bare-handed calving, with 93.39% handling abortion materials, rarely isolating infected camels. The study found a moderate prevalence of brucellosis among camels in the study areas. Lack of implemented control strategies, combined with local pastoral practices, could potentially contribute to disease spread. Therefore, there should be continuous efforts of the disease control strategy at the animal level, community awareness creation, separation of infected camels from health heard, and avoiding mixing a camel with other animal species.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3722054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marijuana Poisoning in Canines in the Aburrá Valley (Antioquia-Colombia), 2023-2024.","authors":"Natalia Restrepo Marulanda, José Fernando Ortiz Álvarez, Jaime Humberto Londoño Puerta, Angélica María Blandón Peralta, Natalia Uribe Corrales","doi":"10.1155/vmi/4844163","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/4844163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Aim:</b> Marijuana poisoning in canines is still considered a taboo topic. Poisoning in pets is becoming increasingly common, in many cases resulting in severe clinical signs, such as ataxia, urinary incontinence, mydriasis, depression, and hyperesthesia. Colombia does not have any reliable test for the diagnosis of exposure to cannabis in animals, and it is not an obligation to report this kind of poisoning to the authorities. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the frequency of cases compatible with tetrahydrocannabinoid (THC) poisoning in canines in the Aburrá valley (Antioquia-Colombia), 2023-2024. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Aburrá valley (Antioquia-Colombia) from 2023 to 2024. Veterinary centers that were allowed to participate were visited, and the clinical records were examined on the canines that were diagnosed positive for marijuana poisoning. We examined the clinical record for different risk factors that could explain the poisoning. A descriptive statistic and a Chi-square test were used to identify risk factors; <i>p</i> < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. <b>Results:</b> One hundred and thirteen (113) cases compatible with cannabis poisoning were found in dogs. Puppies, crossbreeds, trim sizes, and canines whose owners have middle or high economic incomes were the most affected. In addition, a relation between the route of possible cannabis poisoning and the severe presentation of clinical signs was found, with ingestion and inhalation being the routes that generated a more pronounced sign. Likewise, a relationship between age and the most probable route of exposure was found, finding that puppies were more related to the ingestion of cannabis products. <b>Conclusion:</b> This is the first article in Colombia that was focused on determining the frequency of possible cannabis poisoning in canines. The dogs that are more susceptible to suffering cannabis poisoning are puppies and small-size dogs that are attended by veterinary medical centers and are in neighborhoods that are recognizable by people who have high salaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4844163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a Multiepitope Pan-Proteomic mRNA Vaccine Construct Against African Swine Fever Virus: A Reverse Vaccinology Approach.","authors":"Ella Mae Joy S Sira, Lauren Emily Fajardo, Edward C Banico, Nyzar Mabeth O Odchimar, Fredmoore L Orosco","doi":"10.1155/vmi/2638167","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/2638167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious disease with devastating effects on the global pig industry. This warrants the development of effective control strategies, such as vaccines. However, previously developed inactivated vaccines have proven ineffective, while live-attenuated vaccines carry inherent safety risks. The use of mRNA vaccines eliminates these risks offering a safe, cost-effective, and efficient vaccine strategy against ASFV. In this study, a reverse vaccinology approach was used to design a multiepitope pan-proteomic mRNA vaccine against ASFV. Various bioinformatics tools were employed to predict epitopes for cytotoxic T lymphocytes, helper T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. A 50S ribosomal L7/L12 protein adjuvant, 5' cap, poly(A) tail, signal peptide, and MHC-I-targeting domain were incorporated into the design using appropriate linkers to increase immunogenicity, stability, and recognition efficiency. The physicochemical properties of the final construct were evaluated, and docking analyses were done with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 4, and 7 to evaluate binding affinity. A molecular dynamics simulation was then performed to determine binding stability, while immune simulations evaluated host's immune response. Based on 100 ASFV proteomes, six epitopes that induce cytotoxic T-cell responses, five epitopes that induce helper T-cell responses, and four epitopes that induce antibody production were predicted. The designed vaccine construct was found to be nonallergenic, antigenic, and stable when bound to TLR4 while the binding pocket analyses of the vaccine construct to TLR3 and TLR7 indicate high translation efficiency. Immune simulations demonstrated successful induction of immune responses and generation of antigen-specific memory cells. In conclusion, this study introduces an mRNA vaccine construct as a potential disease control strategy against ASF for in vitro confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2638167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}