Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

{"title":"Endemic Persistence of Bovine Leukemia Virus in aHigh-Producing Brazilian Dairy Herd: Seroprevalence Across Production Strata, Vertical Transmission, and Mortality Risk.","authors":"Karla Cristina Resplandes da Costa Paz, Leonardo Costa Paes, Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos, Rosângela Maria Rodrigues, Eduardo Vignoto Fernandes, João Batista Alves de Souza, Adeliane Castro da Costa, Ísis Assis Braga, Cecília Nunes Moreira","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5252185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/5252185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is globally distributed and remains difficult to control. The infection is associated with substantial economic losses resulting from reduced productivity and early culling. Seroepidemiological studies conducted in Brazil have demonstrated that BLV prevalence rates range from 18.30% to 46.76%, with prevalence estimates reaching up to 90% in Goiás State, where the present study was performed. This study investigates the silent epidemiological persistence of BLV in a high-producing dairy herd, highlighting category-specific seroprevalence patterns, serological evidence suggestive of possible vertical exposure, and the association between BLV seropositivity and mortality. A total of 570 Girolando females were divided into the following groups for analysis of anti-BLV antibodies: multiparous (I), primiparous (II), bred nulliparous heifers (III), and nonbred heifers (IV). We performed the analysis using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our research group evaluated the impact of BLV seropositivity on milk yield (MY), somatic cell count (SCC), services per conception (SC), and calving interval (CI). In addition, serological evidence suggestive of possible vertical exposure and herd incidence rates were assessed during a 3-month follow-up period. Prevalence of BLV seropositivity was 59.82% (95% CI: 55.75%-63.77%). Cows in Group I showed a significantly higher likelihood of seropositivity than those in Group IV, with an approximately 8.6-fold (95% CI: 4.96-15.03) increased risk of BLV seropositivity. Serological findings suggestive of possible vertical exposure were detected in 13.59% of the evaluated neonates, and the BLV incidence rate in the herd was 34.06 new seropositive cases over the 3-month follow-up period. Despite the high seroprevalence observed in the herd, no adverse effects were associated with productive or reproductive parameters. No significant association was observed between BLV seropositivity and lymphocytosis (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In contrast, mortality was significantly higher among BLV-seropositive cattle than among seronegative cattle (RR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.19-1.67). The impact of this disease on the lifespan of the herd should not be underestimated, particularly when considering mortality rates, incidence, and vertical transmission, which underscore the progressive nature of the virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5252185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-Whole-Genome Sequencing of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Lineage IV From the Savannah District, Northern Côte d'Ivoire in 2023.","authors":"Konan Ange-Sylvestre Goli, Jean Nepomuscene Hakizimana, Augustino Alfred Chengula, Kiffopan Benjamin M'Bari, Charlie Franck Amoia, Melvyn Quan, Mariam Makange, Peter N Thompson, Gerald Misinzo","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6654668","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/6654668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting sheep and goats, causing substantial economic losses in endemic countries. In the Savannah district of Côte d'Ivoire, knowledge of the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of the PPR virus (PPRV) remains limited. This study investigated the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of PPRV circulating in this region using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). A cross-sectional survey was conducted between September and December 2023. Nasal swabs collected from sheep and goats were screened for PPRV ribonucleic acid (RNA) using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Samples with low quantification cycle (Cq) values of less than 35 and successful multiplex PCR amplification profiles were selected for sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore MinION platform. Near-complete consensus genomes were generated through reference-based assembly and analysed alongside representative strains from all recognised PPRV lineages. Of the 355 samples analysed, 25 (7.0%) tested positive for PPRV RNA, with positive detections in all three surveyed regions (Poro, Tchologo and Bagoué). The four samples with the lowest Cq values, originating from all three administrative regions, were successfully sequenced, generating genomes that covered 82.0%-86.2% of the reference genome at a depth of ≥ 10 ×. The missing regions were mainly located at the 5' and 3' genomic termini, as well as in limited internal regions associated with amplicon dropout. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all four sequences belonged to lineage IV and exhibited high nucleotide similarity (98.1%-99.9%). The Ivorian strains clustered with recent lineage IV viruses from West, North and Central Africa, whereas historical Ivorian lineages I and II formed distinct clades. These findings confirm the predominance of lineage IV in northern Côte d'Ivoire and provide baseline genomic data to support molecular epidemiological surveillance in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6654668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13535997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Toxoplasmosis Among Veterinary and Human Health Professionals in Central Ethiopia.","authors":"Derara Bidira, Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin, Tolesa Negasa, Isayas Asefa Kebede","doi":"10.1155/vmi/4281345","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/4281345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxoplasmosis, caused by the intracellular protozoan <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, poses significant public health and veterinary challenges worldwide. In Ethiopia, understanding the awareness and behaviors of both animal and human health professionals is vital for the effective prevention and control of diseases. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of veterinary and public health professionals regarding the zoonotic importance of toxoplasmosis in Central Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2023 to July 2024 in Holeta and Burayu towns and Addis Ababa city, Central Ethiopia. A total of 411 veterinary and health professionals were selected using a multistage sampling approach and completed a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed using STATA Version 14 to identify factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices scores. The findings showed that 79.3% of respondents had good knowledge, 83% had a positive attitude, and 90% demonstrated good practice. Professionals over 41 years of age were more likely to have a positive attitude compared to those aged 18-30 years (OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.1-11.0; <i>p</i> = 0.033). Regarding practice, those residing in Addis Ababa had higher odds of good practice than those in Holeta (OR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2-6.2; <i>p</i> = 0.018), and veterinarians were significantly more likely to exhibit good practice compared to human health professionals (OR = 11.4; 95% CI: 1.5-86.5; <i>p</i> = 0.019). However, no factors were significantly associated with knowledge levels. A considerable proportion of veterinary and health professionals in Central Ethiopia demonstrated good knowledge, positive attitudes, and sound practices regarding toxoplasmosis. Strengthening health education and improving healthcare infrastructure are recommended to further enhance awareness and mitigate zoonotic risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4281345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13535860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Investigation of <i>Plasmodium spp</i> From Faecal Samples of <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> in Indonesia.","authors":"Josephine Elizabeth Siregar, Firmanul Hasan, Normalita Eka Pravitasari, Andreas Yoga Aditama, Wanda Kuswanda, Lis Rosmanah, Uus Saepuloh, Huda Shalahudin Darusman, Fauzi Muh, Ita Margaretha Nainggolan, Syahputra Wibowo, I Made Artika","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9331597","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/9331597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Threats to Malaria Elimination Program (MEP) are arising, such as drug-resistant parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquitos and zoonotic malaria. In Southeast Asia, zoonotic emergence of macaque malaria, <i>Plasmodium knowlesi</i>, has been a major concern to the MEP. This parasite is recently established and potentially localised in wild populations of <i>Macaca fascicularis</i> (long-tailed macaques), which are indigenous to South-East Asia. Besides <i>P. knowlesi</i> infection, the macaque is also infected by <i>P. inui</i> and <i>P. cynomolgi</i>, which could be transmissible to humans. However, the parasitology data from Indonesian macaque populations are sparse. Noninvasive sampling methods are the primary tool for primate infectious disease ecology. The present study aimed to investigate <i>Plasmodium spp</i> from faecal samples collected (of long-tailed macaques) in Indonesia. Faecal samples from semicaptive breeding sites and wild <i>M. fascicularis</i> have been collected. A total of 122 <i>M. fascicularis</i> faecal samples were collected from Java (West Java) and Sumatra (Lampung, Palembang and Jambi). DNA samples were extracted and subjected to nested polymerase chain reactions (nPCR) analysis using sets of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) primers to detect <i>Plasmodium</i> genus. There were 46 (37.7%) samples positive of malaria, and four species of <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites (<i>P. inui</i>, <i>P. cynomolgi</i>, <i>P. coatneyi</i> and <i>P. fieldi</i>) were detected in their natural host. None of the faecal samples were identified as being <i>P. knowlesi</i> positive. This study provides baseline information on the occurrence and diversity of simian malaria parasites in <i>M. fascicularis</i> populations in Indonesia using noninvasive samples and highlights the importance of further studies on simian malaria parasites in wildlife hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9331597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Clinical Study of Bovine Coronavirus and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Co-Infection Associated With Bovine Respiratory Disease in Iraqi Calves.","authors":"Karrar Jasim Hamzah, Noor R Abady, Diyar Khlaif Flaifel, Sumod Abdul Kadhem Salman, Dhay Ali Abed, Ahmed Hamzah Mosa","doi":"10.1155/vmi/3319844","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/3319844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial syndrome causing major economic losses in cattle production worldwide. The present study investigated the prevalence, molecular characterization, and phylogenetic relationship of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> co-infection in calves exhibiting respiratory and enteric signs. A total of 80 nasal and fecal samples were collected from calves aged 2 weeks to 2 months, showing clinical signs ranging from mild to acute disease. Clinical severity was categorized according to fever, dehydration, diarrhea, and respiratory distress. Molecular detection of BCoV was performed using real-time RT-PCR and conventional PCR targeting the <i>N</i> gene, while <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were identified by bacteriological culture, biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene amplification. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using MEGA software and sequence alignment tools. The results showed that BCoV was detected in 35% of examined samples, while <i>S. aureus</i> was identified in 28% of cases. Co-infection was observed in 15% of calves and was significantly associated with severe clinical manifestations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Acute and moderate cases demonstrated markedly higher BCoV positivity compared with mild cases. Agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed amplification of the BCoV <i>N</i> gene at 205 bp and the <i>S. aureus</i> 16S rRNA gene at approximately 1500 bp. Sequence alignment of local <i>S. aureus</i> isolates revealed highly conserved nucleotide regions, whereas phylogenetic analysis demonstrated genetic diversity among both bacterial and viral isolates. Local BCoV strains showed considerable sequence divergence compared with international reference strains, suggesting ongoing viral evolution. In conclusion, co-infection between BCoV and <i>S. aureus</i> significantly increases disease severity in calves and highlights the importance of integrated molecular diagnostics and continuous phylogenetic surveillance for effective BRD control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3319844"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed Tomography of <i>Coenurus cerebralis</i> in Sheep: High Diagnostic Sensitivity With Limited Association to Clinical Severity.","authors":"Javad Abbasi, Amin Zamani, Majid Masoudi Fard, Mostafa Abdollahi, Arezoo Ramezani, Amin Anoushepour, Danial Goli","doi":"10.1155/vmi/3070740","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/3070740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Coenurosis is an important cause of neurological disease in sheep in endemic regions. Ante-mortem diagnosis is primarily based on clinical signs, which are often nonspecific. Computed tomography (CT) can detect intracranial cystic lesions. This study aimed to describe CT imaging features of <i>Coenurus cerebralis</i> in sheep and to evaluate their association with neurological clinical findings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty 7-month-old Afshari male lambs with neurological signs consistent with coenurosis and 20 healthy matched controls were included. Affected animals underwent neurological examination, clinical severity scoring, and cranial CT imaging using a standardized protocol. Cyst number, volume, and anatomical location were recorded, and Hounsfield unit (HU) values of cyst fluid, brain parenchyma, and skull bone were measured. Diagnosis was confirmed by gross pathological examination and PCR targeting the mitochondrial COX1 gene. Associations between CT variables and clinical findings were analyzed using regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All cysts identified at necropsy were detected by CT, corresponding to a sensitivity of 100%. No significant associations were found between cyst number, size, or location and neurological signs or clinical severity score (<i>p</i> > 0.05). HU values of brain parenchyma and cranial bone were significantly lower in affected sheep compared with controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CT is highly sensitive for detecting cerebral cysts in sheep with coenurosis. However, CT-derived structural features are not associated with clinical severity and should not be used for prognostic evaluation. CT remains a valuable adjunct diagnostic tool when interpreted alongside clinical findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3070740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13528440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating pTau181 and Genomic Background in Dogs: A Pilot Study on Neurobiological Aging.","authors":"Valentina Gazzano, Maria Chiara Fabbri, Simona Capsoni, Carlo Cantile, Lara Tinacci, Angelo Gazzano, Maria Claudia Curadi, Francesca Cecchi","doi":"10.1155/vmi/7159552","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/7159552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging in dogs mirrors key biological aspects of human aging, including molecular processes associated with neurodegeneration, making the dog a valuable comparative model. This pilot study investigated the integration of circulating blood biomarkers and genomic architecture to explore interindividual variability associated with neurobiological aging in dogs. Forty-eight dogs (31 purebred Labrador Retrievers and 17 mixed-breed dogs; age range: 2-15 years) were analyzed for serum phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (pTau181). Genome-wide SNP genotyping was performed to characterize population structure, estimate pedigree- and ROH-based genomic inbreeding, and conduct an exploratory genome-wide association study (GWAS). Circulating pTau181 produced a quantifiable signal, but a subset of values fell below the assay's lower limit of detection and were coded as zero for statistical analysis. Data showed a continuous distribution, with mean values ranging from 6.1 to 13.4 pg/mL across demographic groups. No significant associations were observed between pTau181 concentrations and age category, sex, or breed group. Genomic analyses revealed clear population stratification between Labrador Retrievers and mixed-breed dogs, with significantly higher genomic homozygosity in Labradors (FROH = 0.26 ± 0.05) compared with mixed breeds (FROH = 0.12 ± 0.14; <i>p</i> = 0.00025). No significant correlations were detected between circulating pTau181 levels and genomic inbreeding coefficients. Exploratory GWAS identified a suggestive association between pTau181 concentrations and a locus on chromosome 29 (top SNP <i>p</i> = 5.57 × 10^-7), encompassing genes involved in proteostasis, neurodevelopment, and cellular metabolism. Although these associations did not reach genome-wide significance, they point to a biologically coherent genomic region potentially contributing to interindividual variability in tau blood levels. Overall, these findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility of combining circulating pTau181 measurements with genome-wide analyses to investigate molecular and genetic aspects of neurobiological aging in dogs within a comparative research framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7159552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of SNPs in the <i>LCORL</i> and <i>LTBP2</i> Genes on Comprehensive Performance Traits in Charolais Sheep.","authors":"Jiaqi Ge, Ziwen Qi, Jianing Xin, Yvxin Shi, Wangshu Li, Dakun LYu, Yunlong Guo, Fengzhi Liu, Decui Xia, Xuehai Du, Guochun Wang, Shuhuan Yang, Zeying Wang","doi":"10.1155/vmi/7393976","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/7393976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Charolais sheep is a world-renowned breed of meat sheep, known for its large frame, heavy muscling, and rapid growth. A novel breed, the Chao Mu meat sheep, has been developed by utilizing the Charolais sheep as the paternal line. This advancement has significantly contributed to the genetic enhancement and breeding of indigenous meat sheep in China. However, body size varies among different Charolais families introduced in China. To address this, we employed DNA-seq combined with MLR analysis to identify key genes associated with growth, slaughter, and meat quality performance. Isolation of genomic DNA was performed from blood samples obtained from 1400 Charolais sheep with recorded production performance data for subsequent statistical analyses of genotypes and haplotypes. A SNP (T136210A) was identified in <i>LCORL</i>, and another (G105452A) in <i>LTBP2</i>, in Charolais sheep. In the haplotype combinations of these genes, for growth, the dominant haplotype in ewes was TTAA. Multiple linear regression demonstrated a significant linear relationship between body weight and these performance metrics. BW = 0.690CC + 0.522LL + 1.546CW + 1.863WH - 2.386BaH + 1.613BH - 0.610BL + 3.422CaC - 0.819SH + 1.555FW - 0.575CD + 0.227HH - 118.193 (<i>R</i> ² = 0.794) in ewes and BW = 1.472CC + 0.509HW - 88.303 (<i>R</i> ² = 0.961) in rams. The TT (<i>LCORL</i>) in ewes and GG (<i>LTBP2</i>) in ewe lamb genotypes are promising candidates as molecular markers for the evaluation of growth performance. Genotypes TT (<i>LCORL</i>) and GG (<i>LTBP2</i>) were associated with slaughter performance, suggesting their potential utility as molecular markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7393976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug-Resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Spp. Isolated From Cloacal Swab of Healthy Layer Chickens and Egg Surface at Selected Farms in Bangladesh.","authors":"Most Rafiya Akter, Md Arefin Kallol, Shanzida Binte Alam, Md Mahmudul Alam, Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman Khan, K H M Nazmul Hussain Nazir, Md Masudur Rahman, Marzia Rahman","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5515539","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/5515539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Salmonella</i> spp. is regarded as a perilous menace of public health significance. This research finding was carried out to investigate the prevalence of MDR <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in cloacal swabs of healthy layer birds and egg surface washing along with their resistance patterns and some associated resistance gene detection. In total, 120 samples consisting of 60 cloacal swabs and 60 eggs were collected from three different layer farms located at Mymensingh, Bangladesh, and subjected to various classical and molecular approaches. Antibiotic resistance patterns were investigated phenotypically using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and genotypically by detection of respective resistance genes. The overall prevalence rate of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. was 29% (95% CI: 18.077%-33.255%) and sample-wise prevalence was 23% (95% CI: 14.415%-26.918%) in cloacal swab and 35% (95% CI: 22.043%-39.956%) in egg surface washing, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that the highest resistance was found to ampicillin 94.29% (95% CI: 86.65%-99.96%) followed by oxytetracycline 80.00%, (95% CI: 65.23%-98.03%), and erythromycin 65.72% (95% CI: 56.73%-75.41%), 45.71%, (95% CI: 33.039%-58.08%) to streptomycin, whereas the highest sensitivity was observed against florfenicol 74.29% (95% CI: 62.91%-85.28%), followed by ciprofloxacin (68.57%, 95% CI: 62.80%-73.66%), and sulphamethoxazole (68.57%, 95% CI: 53.48%-78.97%). The isolates were also found to be MDR as 80% (28/35) isolates (95% CI: 75.80%-86.69%) possessed a MAR index ranging between 0.33 and 0.89. On average, 19 isolates (54.28%; 95% CI: 26.90%-85.17%) were resistant to 5 - 8 antibiotics of seven classes, which is really alarming for public health significance. Based on PCR results, different resistant genes <i>blaTEM, tetA, aadA1, cat1,</i> and <i>flo-</i>R were amplified from 100%, 85.71%, 77.14%, 62.86%, and 37.14% of the isolates. Due to increased drug resistance, antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs are becoming ineffective for the medication of both human and animal infections. Further investigations are also suggested to cope with antimicrobial resistance through this research study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5515539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological Detection of O-Type and A-Type Antibodies Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Tongliao City, 2021-2022.","authors":"Rong Zhao, Xiong Dai, Jun Ai, Tianlong Hu, Ruiying Wang, Yanlin Li, Jige Xin, Diangang Han","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9983736","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/9983736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, febrile, and highly contagious viral disease caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Serological testing for FMDV antibodies is an effective method to assess the immune response following vaccination. In this study, 36,510 bovine blood samples were collected from both households and farms across 8 districts of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, between January 2021 and December 2022. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect serum antibodies. The results indicated that the seropositivity rates of O-type FMDV antibodies in eight regions (A-H) of Tongliao City during 2021-2022 ranged from 73.09% to 100% in 2021 and 83.75%-100% in 2022, respectively. Significant differences were observed among the regions. In 2021, the immune protection levels of A-type FMDV antibodies in Regions B and G were below 70%, at 65.38% and 68.40%, respectively. In 2021, the positive rates of FMDV O-type and A-type antibodies were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) on farms compared to households, indicating a higher trend in farms. However, in 2022, no significant difference was observed between farms and households (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Seasonally, the positive rates of O-type and A-type FMDV antibodies in spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2021 were 80.81%-97.67% and 78.27%-94.07%, respectively, while in 2022, they were 83.18%-96.50% and 80.14%-94.76%, respectively. During the period from 2021 to 2022, FMD immunization efforts in various regions of Tongliao City achieved generally satisfactory immunization outcomes. However, Regions B and G require enhanced immunization and reevaluation. This information serves as a valuable reference for the formulation of prevention and control strategies for FMD Serotypes O and A.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9983736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13522710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}