Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

{"title":"Whole-Genome Sequencing Unravels Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Landscapes of Major Bovine Respiratory Disease Pathogens.","authors":"Kaiwen Yin, Shuying Liu, Yue Sun, Haiyan Dong, Kaifan Han, Wei Mao, Weiguang Zhou, Hongxia Zhao","doi":"10.1155/vmi/8022936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/8022936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine respiratory diseases are a seasonally highly prevalent infectious condition and cause great economic losses to the farming industry. In order to expand the genomic database information of bovine respiratory disease pathogens, the raw data were assembled and genome annotated using relevant bioinformatics analysis software to clarify the strain virulence, resistance gene carriage, and evolution of bovine-origin <i>Pasteurella multocida</i>, <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i>, and <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i>. Whole genome sequencing of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> (Pm1), <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i> (Mh1), and <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> (Mb1) isolated from diseased material was carried out using Illumina HiSeq <i>X</i> and Oxford Nanopore sequencing platforms. The whole genome size of Pm1, Mh1, and Mb1 is 620,451, 2,718,449, and 1,006,140 base pairs (bp), and the GC content is 40.25%, 41.07%, and 29.29%, respectively. Additionally, in Pm1, Mh1, and Mb1, the Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) in the database has the largest number of annotated genes, which are the annotated Pm1 (2020), Mh1 (2058), and Mb1 (1063) genes. Whereas, the number of genes annotated in the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) is the lowest, with 50, 97, and 5 genes. This study, through whole-genome sequencing and annotation of Pm1, Mh1, and Mb1, has enriched the gene pool of bovine respiratory disease pathogens. It contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the genomic structure, functional gene distribution, and evolutionary relationships of these pathogens. The findings can support precise diagnosis and personalized treatment of bovine respiratory diseases, as well as help to develop targeted use of antibiotics for farm animals, thereby reducing the occurrence and spread of drug resistance. This research holds significant importance for promoting the healthy development of the livestock industry and mitigating economic losses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8022936"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149228701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Seroprevalence of <i>Brucella</i> Antibodies in Apparently Healthy Sheep and Goats in a Rural District of Central Nigeria.","authors":"Martin Zang Pam, Alex Odoom, Charles Matthew Kakka, Fidelis Leo Latkal, Kete Clinton Waziri, Solomon Jere Dule, Suzanna Zakka Nyango, Pedung Raphael Emmanuel","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5095222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/5095222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brucellosis, caused by bacterial pathogens of the genus <i>Brucella</i>, is a chronic zoonotic disease affecting small ruminants such as sheep and goats. This study evaluated and compared the seroprevalence of <i>Brucella</i> antibodies among apparently healthy sheep and goats in Vwang District, Jos South Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was employed from May to June 2024. A total of 140 serum samples collected from goats (<i>n</i> = 77) and sheep (<i>n</i> = 63) using systematic random sampling across four administrative wards were screened for <i>Brucella</i> antibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and confirmed via the Complement Fixation Test (CFT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 8 out of 140 samples (5.71%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.50%-10.95%) were reactive on RBPT screening. Upon confirmatory testing with CFT, 6 samples were validated, yielding an overall CFT-confirmed seroprevalence of 4.29% (95% CI: 1.59-9.09%). Seroprevalence was higher in sheep (6.35%, 95% CI: 1.76-15.47%) than in goats (2.60%, 95% CI: 0.32-9.07%); higher in females (4.95%, 95% CI: 1.63-11.18%) than in males (2.56%, 95% CI: 0.06-13.48%); and restricted to animals older than 18 months (6.74%, 95% CI: 2.51-14.10%) compared with younger ones (0.00%, 95% CI: 0.00-6.98%). Geographically, the Turu B Ward recorded the highest seroprevalence (5.88%, 95% CI: 0.72-19.68%). None of the demographic associations reached statistical significance (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides serological evidence of <i>Brucella</i> exposure among apparently healthy sheep and goats in Vwang District, Central Nigeria. Although seroprevalence differences across species, sex, age, and location were not statistically significant, the detection of antibodies in nonvaccinated, clinically healthy livestock highlights the value of routine serological monitoring in rural agrarian communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5095222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytobiotic Supplementation as a Sustainable Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters: Impacts on Growth, Carcass Traits, Blood Lipids and Faecal Microbial Characteristics in Sonali Chickens.","authors":"Md Ahsan Habib, Ashikul Islam, Ummay Salma, Md Nurul Amin, Sabbir Hossen Sabuz, Ayesha Siddika, Md Al Fattah","doi":"10.1155/vmi/2888910","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/2888910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The poultry industry needs safe, residue-free alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Phytobiotics are plant-derived feed additives that have emerged as promising alternatives, but little is known about how they affect Sonali chickens, a popular dual-purpose breed in South Asia. This study tested whether the commercial phytobiotic Novovital, given in drinking water, could improve the growth, health and profitability of Sonali birds. A total of 120-day-old chicks were divided into four groups and reared for 63 days, receiving 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mL of Novovital per litre of drinking water. The 1.0 mL/L dose significantly improved final body weight, feed conversion ratio, breast, thigh and drumstick yield, serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and faecal total viable bacterial count (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Birds receiving 1.0 mL/L had approximately 10% greater final body weight than control birds (<i>p</i> < 0.05), converted feed more efficiently and produced more breast, thigh and drumstick meat, even though all groups ate the same amount of feed. The same dose lowered blood cholesterol, increased HDL cholesterol and reduced the total viable bacterial count in faeces by approximately 75% relative to the control (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while all other blood values remained unchanged. No mortality was observed at the 1.0 and 1.5 mL/L doses, and meat drip loss was lowest at 1.0 mL/L. Numerically, net profit per bird at this dose was more than double that of the control (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Increasing the supplementation level to 1.5 mL/L did not confer additional benefits. Overall, Novovital at 1.0 mL/L improved growth, feed efficiency and profitability in Sonali production without adverse effects on bird health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2888910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Mastitis, Bacteriological Identification, and Antibiogram of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> From Subclinically Infected Lactating Cows in Tocha and Essera Districts, Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Ephrem Gebrehiwot, Mekonnen Addis, Mukarim Abdurahman, Tamrat Haile, Tsegaye Teklemariam","doi":"10.1155/vmi/3884904","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/3884904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a common cause of subclinical mastitis, which has got drug resistance and poses a major threat to public and animals. Inappropriate use of drugs, consumption of raw milk, and lack of updated and published scientific work were out of major problems. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the occurrence of mastitis, and isolate, identify, and assess antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of <i>S. aureus</i> from subclinically infected lactating cows in Tocha and Essera districts of Dawuro Zone from January-November 2024. Questionnaire survey, clinical examination, California mastitis test, bacteriological identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were conducted. About 384 cows were selected using a simple random sampling method. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 33.60% (129/384), of which 5.73% (22/384) and 27.86% (107/384) were clinical and subclinical mastitis, respectively. Breed (<i>p</i> = 0.007, AOR = 1.985), lactation period (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001, AOR = 3.021, and <i>p</i> = 0.030, AOR = 1.872), and previous history of mastitis (<i>p</i> = 0.018, AOR = 1.804) significantly associated with subclinical mastitis. The overall prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> in subclinical mastitis was 35.5% (38/107). About 92.1%, 89.47%, 86.84%, 81.57%, and 78.95% of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were susceptible to cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole), kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and erythromycin, respectively. However, the isolates were highly resistant to penicillin G 100% (38/38) followed by ampicillin 97.37% (37/38), oxacillin 89.47% (34/38), tetracycline 68.42% (26/38), and oxytetracycline 52.63% (20/38). About 5.26% (2/38) (2/38) were multidrug resistant. The high prevalence of subclinical mastitis with high level of drug-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> in raw milk in this study seems dire, a serious challenge for a resilient tomorrow, and is a threat to us all. Thus, regular screening for subclinical mastitis, testing antimicrobials for susceptibility prior to use, and creating awareness to the community to avoid raw milk consumption and the farmers to practice good animal health and management were recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3884904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosage of Pimobendan in Domestic Cats.","authors":"Edinete Lúcio Pereira, Luana Thamilis Alves Bezerra, Thiago Da Silva Brandão, Rosangela Maria Nunes Da Silva, Almir Pereira De Souza","doi":"10.1155/vmi/8218462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/8218462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Available evidence suggests that pimobendan may provide clinical benefits in the treatment of heart diseases in cats. However, its dosage is based on studies conducted in dogs, raising concerns due to differences in plasma concentrations between species.</p><p><strong>Review question: </strong>What is the dosage of pimobendan used in domestic cats, either healthy or with heart disease?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Searches in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases were conducted between October and November 2024, a period corresponding to the execution of the search strategy. Full-text articles were included without restrictions regarding language, country, or year of publication, while gray literature was excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 371 articles screened, 15 were excluded due to duplication or lack of relevance, resulting in 10 studies being included in the final review. Pimobendan dosages ranged from 0.125 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg, with oral administration being predominant, typically every 12 h. Some studies used single doses to evaluate the drug's pharmacodynamics. Beneficial effects observed included improved cardiac output, enhanced left ventricular function, and reduced risk of thrombi. Common adverse effects were anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, hypotension, and arrhythmias, particularly tachycardia (4/10). The studies showed some risk of bias, such as lack of detailed information on sex, weight, and adverse effects in cats, heterogeneity in study populations, variability in pimobendan doses, and insufficient control of cardiac disease conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and clinical relevance: </strong>Pimobendan was well tolerated in cats, with only isolated and no clinically relevant adverse effects reported, at doses ranging from 0.24 to 0.5 mg/kg or 1.25 mg/cat, with oral administration every 12 h being the recommended regimen.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8218462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abattoir Surveillance of Suspected Cystic Echinococcosis in Cattle: Insights From Molecular Analysis in a Hypoendemic Area.","authors":"M Rega, G Pupillo, M Genchi, A Parrinello, M Conter, C Loiudice, Laura L Kramer, A Vismarra, A B Casano, M Fozzer","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6674539","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/6674539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease of global public health impact. In hypoendemic regions, the epidemiological role of cattle as intermediate hosts remains unclear, and routine abattoir-based surveillance may overestimate prevalence due to diagnostic limitations. This study integrated a retrospective and prospective study of CE in cattle from the hypoendemic areas of Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy regions (northern Italy) based on postmortem surveillance at slaughterhouses. Retrospective data were analyzed over four years (2021-2024), and the prospective study was performed in 2025, combining macroscopic inspection with anatomopathological and molecular analyses to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. The retrospective analysis revealed a low mean prevalence of suspected CE (0.32%), while prospective evaluation showed an apparent prevalence of 0.08% based on macroscopic inspection. However, molecular analyses revealed the absence of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> and <i>E. multilocularis</i> DNA, while 50% of isolated lesions were caused by <i>Taenia hydatigena</i>. The integration of molecular diagnostics with in-depth anatomopathological evaluation improves diagnostic accuracy, reduces misclassification, and allows risk-targeted control strategies. Prioritizing confirmatory diagnostics and targeted interventions is recommended in a One Health approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6674539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Ultrasonographic Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Values in Clinically Healthy Adult Rahmani Sheep.","authors":"Alaa Alrajab, Mohamed Marzok, Adel Almubarak, Zakaria Al Mohamad, Mohamed El-Sherif","doi":"10.1155/vmi/1112219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/1112219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Sheep reared in tropical and subtropical areas may develop neurological disorders associated with infectious, parasitic, metabolic, or nutritional diseases. Some of these disorders may be accompanied by increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Direct ICP measurement methods are invasive, and technically unavailable in clinical field settings. Ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been reported as a noninvasive method of ICP indicator in humans and animal species. However, baseline ONSD values for clinically healthy sheep are not yet reported. Therefore, this pilot field study aimed to determine preliminary transpalpebral ultrasonographic ONSD values in clinically healthy adult Rahmani sheep.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty clinically healthy adult Rahmani sheep, including 30 males and 30 nonpregnant females, were examined under field conditions. All animals underwent physical, neurological, hydration, external ocular, and direct ophthalmoscopic examination before inclusion. Animals with systemic illness, dehydration, ocular disease, or any clinical sign suggestive of neurological dysfunction or raised ICP were excluded. Bilateral transpalpebral ultrasonography was performed in conscious standing sheep without sedation using a 10-MHz linear probe. ONSD was measured at 3 mm posterior to the posterior retinal surface in the transverse plane. Because direct ICP measurement was not available and was not applicable under field conditions, ICP was not measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transpalpebral ultrasonography was feasible in all examined sheep and was completed without sedation or adverse events. Mean ± SD ONSD was 4.65 ± 0.07 mm in the left eye and 4.70 ± 0.06 mm in the right eye, with no significant laterality difference (<i>p</i> = 0.34). No significant difference in animal-level mean ONSD was detected between males and nonpregnant females (<i>p</i> = 0.23). The preliminary animal-level ONSD interval was 4.55-4.77 mm. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was excellent (ICC = 0.93 and 0.94, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transpalpebral ultrasonography allowed feasible and repeatable measurement of ONSD in conscious, standing adult Rahmani sheep under field conditions. This pilot study provides preliminary baseline ONSD values in clinically healthy Rahmani sheep without detectable clinical evidence of disease.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Because ICP was not directly measured, these values should not be interpreted as diagnostic thresholds for intracranial hypertension. They may serve as foundational data for future studies comparing healthy sheep with sheep affected by neurological disease and for studies validating ONSD against direct ICP measurement when feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1112219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine Mastitis and Detection of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Among Dairy Cows in Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors.","authors":"Sossina Ashenafi Bijiju, Habtamu Tassew Tarekegne, Halo Yohannes Alemu, Solomon Tibebu Melkie","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9069263","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/9069263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine mastitis is a major economic challenge to dairy production globally. Despite its impact, there is limited information on the disease and its associated risk factors in the dairy sector of Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, identify risk factors, and isolate <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from mastitic milk in the study area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 304 lactating dairy cows across smallholder farms and semi-intensive farms. Clinical examination and the California mastitis test (CMT) were used to detect clinical and subclinical mastitis, respectively. Risk factors were assessed via structured questionnaires and analyzed through univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Out of 374 mastitis-positive quarters identified, 52 were blind teats; consequently, a bacteriological analysis was performed on the remaining 322 viable milk samples for the exclusive isolation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> via standard microbiological techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cow-level prevalence of mastitis was 61.18%, with the prevalence of subclinical cases (48.68%) far exceeding that of clinical cases (12.5%). At the quarter level, 30.75% of the teats were affected. The right rear quarter showed the highest prevalence (34.21%), whereas the left front quarter was least affected (27.63%). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that crossbreed (AOR = 10.15; 95% CI: 2.52-40.94; <i>p</i> = 0.001), many parity (AOR = 20.05; 95% CI: 3.32-147.24; <i>p</i> = 0.001), poor milking hygiene (AOR = 5.64; 95% CI: 1.35-23.52; <i>p</i> = 0.017), and long and wide teat end morphology (AOR = 9.03; 95% CI: 2.15-37.98; <i>p</i> = 0.003) were significant predictors of mastitis occurrence. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was isolated from 35.71% of mastitis-positive milk samples, including 37.36% from clinical samples and 35.06% from subclinical samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed a high burden of both clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy farms around Dessie Town, with <i>S. aureus</i> being a leading pathogen. The strong association between mastitis and risk factors such as hygiene and teat anatomy highlights the need for integrated control measures, farmer training, and routine screening to improve udder health and milk quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9069263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation an Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of <i>Edwardsiella</i> Species and <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 From Fish and Their Handling Environment in Lake Abaya and Gilgel Gibe-3 Dam, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Belay Walelign Moges, Jelalu Kemal Birmeka, Bruk Abraha Fitwi, Bulako Chebo Boke, Tesfahun Demeke Dana, Tesfaye Bekele Kassa","doi":"10.1155/vmi/4857001","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/4857001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Edwardsiella</i> species are reassigned under the family Hafniaceae following phylogenomic revisions of the order <i>Enterobacterales</i>, a primary pathogenic strain of fish, while <i>Escherichia coli</i> are members of the <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> family that are frequently reported as contaminants with rare causes of illness in fish but severely affect other mammals. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November 2022 with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i>, <i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i>, and <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 in fish and determining the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates. A total of 768 tissue samples comprising intestine, liver, and kidney were collected from 256 apparently healthy fish. Bacterial isolation was performed using selective and differential culture media, including MacConkey agar, xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar, <i>Edwardsiella</i> isolation medium, eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, and sorbitol MacConkey agar. Further identification was performed using biochemical tests and latex agglutination assays, particularly for the targeted strain of <i>E. coli</i>. The disk diffusion test was employed to determine the susceptibility pattern of isolates against seven standard antimicrobial disks. The findings were presented using descriptive statistics, while the association of categorical variables with the occurrence of bacterial species was computed using chi-square and logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of <i>E. tarda, E. ictaluri,</i> and <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 among fish was 8.6%, 4.7%, and 14.1%, respectively, and among organs (intestine, liver, and kidney) was 4.01%, 1.95%, and 5.34%, respectively. The maturity of fish and lake showed a significant association (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with the occurrence of <i>E. tarda</i>. Resistance to tetracycline was noted in all of the isolates. The results of this study concluded that the intestines of fish harbor <i>E. tarda, E. ictaluri,</i> as primary inhabitant pathogens, and <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7, which may be a transient microorganism mostly associated with fault handling practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4857001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effect of Water-Diluted Stool on the Growth and Development of <i>Rhabditis</i> sp., <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>, and Hookworm.","authors":"Attarat Pattanawongsa, Patthanasak Khammaneechan, Blego Sedionoto, Prasit Na-Ek, Witthaya Anamnart","doi":"10.1155/vmi/3238555","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/3238555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Raw vegetables in southern Thailand frequently carry <i>Rhabditis</i> sp. Epidemiological shifts (2008-2023) show an increase in <i>Rhabditis</i> sp. colonization alongside declining hookworm and <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> infections, suggesting a potential association with climate variations. To evaluate moisture effects under controlled conditions, we compared nematode egg and first-stage larval development using an agar plate culture (APC) control and a 1:20 water-diluted stool suspension (SS) simulating wet environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stool samples positive for <i>Rhabditis</i> sp. from 18 humans (12 co-infected with hookworm or <i>S. stercoralis</i>) and 25 dogs (10 co-infected with hookworm) were cultured concurrently in APC and SS. Following a 6-day incubation at room temperature, we quantified <i>Rhabditis</i> sp. developmental stages and third-stage larvae (L3) of hookworm and <i>S. stercoralis</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In APC, all human (18/18) and dog (25/25) cases achieved complete <i>Rhabditis</i> sp. development, supporting significantly more developmental stages than SS. In SS, only 22.2% of human and 28.0% of dog cases exhibited partial development, confirming that water dilution impairs <i>Rhabditis</i> sp. growth. Conversely, hookworms reached the L3 stage in all human (8/8) and dog (10/10) cases across both methods without significant differences. For <i>S. stercoralis</i> (7/7 humans), both methods yielded L3, though APC provided higher yields.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our experimental findings demonstrate that <i>Rhabditis</i> sp. development is significantly more vulnerable to water dilution than hookworm or <i>S. stercoralis</i>. While this impairment is hypothesized to stem from reduced bacterial abundance, this mechanism remains speculative and requires direct microbiological confirmation. These laboratory observations suggest that lower-moisture environments may favor <i>Rhabditis</i> sp. developmental success over other nematodes, though broader ecological and epidemiological implications require further study given the limited sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3238555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}