Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

{"title":"Micro-CT Anatomy of the Vertebral Column of the Luristan Newt (<i>Neurergus kaiseri</i>).","authors":"Yasin Valizadeh, Mohammad Nasrolahzadeh Masouleh, Omid Zehtabvar, Saied Bokaie","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6958388","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/6958388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Neurergus kaiseri</i> is one of the native and endangered species of the Salamandridae family, which is restricted to the mountainous habitats of southern Lorestan and northern Khuzestan. The presence of this species in the environment and the risks surrounding the extinction and health of this species make it necessary to produce basic anatomical information. The present study investigated the typical morphological characteristics of normal, mature, and healthy Luristan newt (<i>Neurergus kaiseri</i>) vertebral column using a micro-CT scan. The samples were entered into the micro-CT scan machine one by one in a ventral recumbency. The typical morphological characteristics of normal, mature, and healthy Luristan newt (<i>Neurergus kaiseri</i>) vertebral column were examined. It was specified that the Luristan newt (<i>Neurergus kaiseri</i>) has one cervical vertebra (atlas), 12 trunk vertebrae, one sacral vertebra, 3 caudosacral vertebrae, and 28 to 31 caudal vertebrae. This study presents a complete and precise description evaluation of Luristan newt (<i>Neurergus kaiseri</i>) vertebral column using a micro-CT scan. No specimen was killed, and anatomical studies were conducted through a micro-CT scan technique as an essential feature of the present study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6958388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics in the Population of Stray Dogs and Changes After One Year From a City in Southern Mexico.","authors":"A Novelo-Sanguino, M Jiménez-Coello, J C Segura-Correa, A Ortega-Pacheco","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5479606","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/5479606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study generated evidence on the population of stray dogs in the city of Mérida Yucatán, Mexico. The sighting method was used using the \"count within a selected block\" method recommended by the World Society for the Protection of Animals. For the sample size, 21 blocks were randomly selected from the city. The calculation of the density of the dogs was obtained considering the extension of 186.24 km² of the city, and the characteristics of the dogs were evaluated through direct observation. The same protocol was performed 1 year later. The estimated number of dogs was 4764 ± 478 in 2022 and later increased to 7650 ± 779 in 2023 (<i>p</i> < 0.006). The density of the dog population in 2022 was 25.6 ± 2.6 animals/km², with a dog-human ratio of 0.5:100. In 2023, a population density of 41.1 ± 4.3 animals/km² and a dog-human ratio of 0.8:100 were obtained. This significant increase may be due to more food availability and capacity to achieve a successful reproduction in the first year of observation. However, bias may be considered when using any counting methodology of stray dogs since their mobility may be intensely variable. The male-female ratio was 2.4:1 for 2022 and 2.3:1 for the year 2023. Most of the dogs were adults, of mixed breed, and with solitary behaviour in both years. The body condition in 2022 was predominantly ideal, with a significant decrease in 2023 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) probably because of the increased number and competence for food when the second evaluation was performed. When comparing the population according to the areas of the city, the southern area had a higher proportion of thin dogs in both years, with an increase of up to 30% (<i>p</i> < 0.001) by 2023. The presence of dermatological conditions in the dogs increased from 4% in 2022 to 15% in 2023 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). It is concluded that the number and characteristics of stray dogs studied presented changes over a year time probably because of the carrying capacity of the environment, with differences between areas of the city, particularly in lower socioeconomical areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5479606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Smallholder Pig Farmers in the Biosecurity of Pig Diseases in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.","authors":"Vincent Simbizi, Rebone Moerane, Bruce Gummow","doi":"10.1155/vmi/4755096","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/4755096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biosecurity forms an important component of preventing disease transmission. However, data on the demographics and practices of smallholder pig farmers in Southern Africa are scant, and little is published on the biosecurity related to these farms. A questionnaire survey was, therefore, carried out in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa to describe the demographics and practices of smallholder pig farmers and to understand their role in the biosecurity and prevention of pig diseases. Females represented 52% of pig farmers and reflect the cultural importance of pig farming in Xhosa culture. All the farmers who were interviewed had poor biosecurity measures on their farms. A low level of education, lack of training and reliance on remedies to treat and prevent pig diseases were key findings for the majority of farmers. Farmers had a poor knowledge of correct antibiotic use, which could contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Smallholder farms were found to frequently involve free-ranging pigs, swill feeding and informal trading, practices known to contribute to the spread of communicable pig diseases such as foot and mouth disease and African swine fever. Smallholder pig farms are, therefore, a potential risk for disease incursion and spread of communicable diseases within a region. Cost-effective biosecurity measures and marketing opportunities will help to prevent pig diseases, while a continuing education programme will modernise the rural pig industry and reduce the impact of AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4755096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Molecular Characterization and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated From Dairy Farm Wastewater in Bangladesh.","authors":"Md Shamsul Islam, Md Arif-Uz-Zaman Polash, Md Hakimul Haque","doi":"10.1155/vmi/7253393","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/7253393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This pioneering study in Bangladesh combines phenotypic and genotypic approaches to characterize antibiotic-resistant bacteria in dairy farm wastewater, addressing a critical gap in regional antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research. Dairy farming is integral to global food production, yet the wastewater generated by these operations is a significant source of environmental and public health concerns, particularly in the context of antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to isolate and identify antibiotic-resistant bacteria from dairy farm wastewater and evaluate their antibiogram profiles to inform effective management strategies. A total of 60 wastewater samples were collected and subjected to conventional bacterial characterization, followed by molecular detection via PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study identified <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (35%), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (30%), <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (16.67%), and <i>Acinetobacter junii</i> (8.33%) as the predominant bacterial species. Sequencing results demonstrated high compatibility with reference sequences, confirming the identities of the isolates. Antibiogram analysis revealed significant resistance patterns: <i>P. aeruginosa</i> exhibited the highest resistance to penicillin (85.71%) and amoxicillin (76.19%), while demonstrating greater sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole<i>. E. coli</i> showed notable resistance to penicillin (88.89%), amoxicillin, and ceftriaxone, while <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>A. junii</i> also demonstrated high levels of resistance to multiple antibiotics. Notably, a substantial proportion of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), with MAR indices ranging from 0.37 to 0.75. Moreover, several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including <i>penA</i>, <i>bla</i> _<i>TEM</i> , <i>bla</i> _{<i>CTX</i>-<i>M</i>} , <i>tetA</i>, <i>tetB</i>, <i>tetC</i>, and <i>ermB</i> were detected across the bacterial species, with high prevalence rates in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>A. junii</i>, suggesting the potential for horizontal gene transfer and further spread of resistance. These findings underscore the critical need for a One Health approach to mitigate the risks posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in dairy farm wastewater, emphasizing the critical importance of responsible antibiotic use and sustainable farming practices to protect public health and environmental integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7253393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12127123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulation of Rabbit Squamous Epidermis Cells Using Extracts of Mistletoe <i>Dendrophthoe pentandra</i> L. Miq in a Topical Gel.","authors":"Lazuardi Mochamad, Chi-Hsien Chien, Jie-Long He, Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah, Hani Plumeriastuti","doi":"10.1155/vmi/4081052","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/4081052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quercetin-like compounds (QLCs) are secondary metabolite compounds of flavonol found in the leaf extract from the mistletoe <i>Dendrophthoe pentandra</i> L. Miq. This study aims to determine the ability of QLC to stimulate epithelialization in rabbit skin. The leaves were macerated with methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents, and crude macerates were separated and purified into QLC using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified QLC as an analyte was prepared in serial concentrations of 4.5%, 6%, 8%, and 10% and then formulated by new methods as topical gel preparations. The epithelialization stimulation test was performed on 60 rabbits divided into 20 rabbits for the trial group, the other 20 rabbits for the positive control group, and negative control groups. The trial group was split into 4 trial subgroups for topical gel application at each concentration. Gels were topically applied to the exfoliated skin of rabbits in the trial group twice a day for 5 days. The probit analysis showed that an epithelialization of 25%, 50%, and 75% of the in vivo study endpoint was found at a QLC concentration of 4.644%, 5.185%, and 5.790%. Rectangular cuboidal QLC particles with an average size of 0.01 μm-0.1 μm have shown the ability to stimulate epidermal epithelial proliferation starting from a concentration of 4.5% in topical gels with new formulations that can boost the epithelialization of the upper layers of the skin (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4081052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12127130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feed Efficiency and Growth Performance in Thai Beef Cattle Fed Cricket Meal as a Soybean Meal Replacement.","authors":"Benjamad Khonkhaeng, Metha Wanapat, Sarong So, Areerat Lunpha, Ruangyote Pilajun, Pin Chanjula, Pichad Khejornsart, Pongsatorn Gunun, Nirawan Gunun, Bundit Tengjaroenkul, Sineenart Polyorach, Anusorn Cherdthong","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6428834","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/6428834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cricket (<i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i>) is a high-protein insect species with a favorable amino acid and fatty acid profile, widely recognized as an alternative to soybean meal in nonruminant diets. However, research on its use in ruminant nutrition remains limited, particularly regarding its effects on feed efficiency and performance. This study evaluated the impact of completely replacing soybean meal with cricket meal on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, microbial populations, and growth performance in Thai native beef cattle. Eight male Thai native beef cattle (150 ± 15 kg; ∼2 years old) were used in a completely randomized design with two dietary treatments (<i>n</i> = 4 per group). One group received a conventional soybean meal-based diet, while the other received a diet in which 100% of the soybean meal was replaced with cricket meal at an inclusion level of 12% of dry matter. Both diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Feed intake was similar between treatments. Crude protein digestibility was higher in the cricket meal group (67.5%) compared to the soybean meal group (63.7%; <i>p</i> = 0.04), while other digestibility parameters showed no differences. Blood metabolites, rumen fermentation characteristics, and microbial populations were unaffected by dietary treatment. Cattle fed the cricket meal-based diet showed greater average daily gain (+55.7%; <i>p</i> = 0.02) and a 32.9% improvement in feed conversion ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.02) compared to cattle fed the soybean meal-based diet. These results suggest that cricket meal can serve as a complete replacement for soybean meal in beef cattle diets, enhancing protein digestibility and growth performance without compromising rumen function.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6428834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Molecular Characterization of Spirurid Nematode Associated With Giraffe Skin Disease in Ruaha National Park, Tanzania.","authors":"J Wanda, E Mjingo, E Mwega, J Malago","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5053029","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/5053029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giraffe skin disease (GSD) is an emerging skin condition mainly affecting adult and subadult populations of free-ranging giraffe, including Masai giraffe <i>(Giraffa tippelskirchi)</i> in the southern and northern protected areas (PAs) in Tanzania. Even though GSD has been described in Tanzania, the specific involvement of the spirurid nematode as the underlying cause of the lesions has been suggested but not definitively established. This cross-sectional study aimed to characterize spirurid nematodes associated with GSD lesions by analyzing 10 skin biopsies collected between October and November 2022. Histopathological examination revealed spirurid larvae in 6 out of 10 skin biopsies, with variable numbers found within the dermis, alongside the presence of clear vacuoles, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and fibrous connective tissue. Three biopsies tested positive for the 28S rDNA using a conventional polymerase chain reaction and provided a sequence of <i>Thelazia</i> spp. submitted in GenBank (accession no. 0R466406). The phylogenetic tree showed close similarity to <i>T. callipaeda</i> (99.11%, accession no. MF953480, and 99.38% accession no. MK214873, respectively). This study has shown the presence of the Spirurida, Thelaziidae worm in skin lesions of Masai giraffes affected by GSD. Specifically, this research documents the occurrence of <i>T. callipaeda</i> in the skin lesions providing valuable insight into parasitic involvement. Despite these findings, the mechanisms by which the nematode is transmitted to the giraffe's skin remain unknown. Further study is required to understand the impact of <i>Thelazia callipaeda</i> on both GSD and non-GSD giraffes to better understand the potential cause of GSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5053029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Characterization, and Application of Bacteriophage for <i>Salmonella</i> Control in Broiler Chickens.","authors":"Wisanu Wanasawaeng, Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij, Niwat Chansiripornchai","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6502225","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/6502225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study explores alternatives to antibiotics for poultry farms. The aims of this study were to isolate and characterize bacteriophages for selection of the appropriate phage, reduce <i>Salmonella</i> in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens, and observe gut microbiota alterations after bacteriophage treatments. In this study, bacteriophages were isolated from two broiler chicken farms, two poultry processing plants, a goat farm, and a pig farm in the central region of Thailand. Out of the 33 samples analyzed, 25 (75.5%) tested positive for the presence of <i>Salmonella</i> bacteriophages. Among the 63 isolates examined, SEpBS-1 was selected for its ability to infect five <i>Salmonella</i> serovars: <i>S. Enteritidis</i>, <i>S</i>. <i>Hadar</i>, <i>S</i>. <i>Typhimurium</i>, <i>S</i>. <i>Dublin</i>, and <i>S</i>. <i>Poona</i>. Thermal stability test of phages showed that phages were stable at -6.5°C-50°C for 30 min, and significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at 60°C, and drastically decreased at 70°C. Furthermore, pH stability test of phages showed that phages were stable at pH 5-9. Phage SEpBS-1 was stable in acidic conditions. Phage titers decreased with increased salinity. The morphological characterization of the phage using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed icosahedral heads and thin, long, noncontractile, flexible tails. The phage SEpBS-1 was classified as a member of the <i>Siphoviridae</i> family. The growth curve of the bacteriophage revealed that phage SEpBS-1 for SE had a latent period of 2 h, burst time of 2-3.5 h, and burst size of 166 PFU/infected cell. Phage SEpBS-1 for <i>S</i>. <i>Typhimurium</i> had a latent period of 2.5 h, burst time of 2.5-4 h, and burst size of 973 PFU/infected cell. Studying the effects of phage SEpBS-1 against <i>Salmonella</i> infection in broiler chickens found that <i>Salmonella</i> counts were slightly increased at 7 and 14 days after phage treatment. However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <i>Salmonella</i> counts decreased by 40% at 14 days, while the positive control found the highest number of <i>Salmonella</i> in ceca. The application of lytic bacteriophages in the biocontrol of foodborne pathogens presents a promising approach for targeting <i>Salmonella</i>. Bacteriophage therapy offers an effective alternative to antibiotics for pathogen control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6502225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases, Metallo-β-Lactamases, Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, and Biofilm-Forming Capacity in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Strains Recovered From Dogs With Otitis Externa in Italy.","authors":"Francesca Paola Nocera, Adriana Chiaromonte, Rossana Schena, Francesca Pizzano, Sinem Arslan, Chiara Pedicini, Luisa De Martino","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5566151","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/5566151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is considered the second major causative agent of otitis externa in dogs, after <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i>. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profiles and to detect the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>). Precisely, seventeen <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains, recovered from auricular specimens of dogs affected by otitis externa, were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out against eleven clinically relevant antimicrobials using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar plates. The PCR assay was performed to detect ESBL <i>bla</i> _{<i>CTX</i>-<i>M</i>} ,  <i>bla</i> _<i>TEM</i> ,  <i>bla</i> _<i>SHV</i> ,  <i>bla</i> _<i>PER</i> , and MBL <i>bla</i> _<i>IMP</i> ,  <i>bla</i> _{<i>OXA</i>-48},  <i>bla</i> _<i>VIM</i> ,  <i>bla</i> _<i>NDM</i> ,  <i>bla</i> _<i>GES</i> genes. The results showed that <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates had a phenotypic resistance value of 100% to ceftazidime, imipenem, and meropenem, followed by piperacillin-tazobactam, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (94%), and aztreonam (88%). An alarming result was represented by the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains with 100% of the total isolates. The most common ESBL-genotype combination was <i>bla</i> _<i>PER</i>  + <i>bla</i> _<i>SHV</i> (29.4%). Thirteen isolates (76.5%) carried together <i>bla</i> _<i>VIM</i>  + <i>bla</i> _<i>GES</i> genes, which resulted to be the most common MBL-genotype combination. All the isolates harboring ESBL and MBL genes were biofilm producers, evaluated by the crystal violet-based assay and PCR. Precisely, 76.5% were strong biofilm producers, and 23.5% resulted in being moderate producers. No relationship was observed between strong or moderate biofilm producers and numerical variability of ESBL and MBL genes. This study revealed worrying antimicrobial resistance profiles of <i>P. aeruginosa-</i>associated canine otitis externa, considering also the zoonotic potential of this pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5566151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feline Leukemia Virus in Cats: A Novel Rapid ELISA Assay for p27 Antigen Detection.","authors":"Irene Ferrero, Paolo Poletti, Enrica Giachino, Joel Filipe, Paola Dall'Ara","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9914340","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/9914340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is an oncogenic immunosuppressive virus belonging to the <i>Retroviridae</i> family and one of the most common causes of a major infectious disorder in cats that can lead to potentially fatal associated diseases with a worse prognosis. FeLV infects and replicates in hematopoietic and lymphatic cells causing anemia, lymphoma, and leukemia. Diagnosis is usually performed by clinicians using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or lateral flow tests that detect the p27 FeLV antigen. The aim of this work was the development of the FeLVCHECK Ag ELISA, a new rapid direct sandwich ELISA assay that detects the p27 antigen of FeLV. Assay cut-off was estimated by multiple approaches, including the Youden index and the ROC curve, to obtain the optimal test performance. The new test was validated by using 112 feline sera (42 positives and 70 negatives for FeLV) against the ViraCHEK/FeLV ELISA (Zoetis) as a reference, which agreed at 97.3%, with 97.6% sensitivity (95% confidence interval (CI): 86.0%-99.9%) and 97.1% specificity (95% CI: 89.1%-99.5%). Compared with another rapid and direct ELISA, the INgezim FeLV DAS (Gold Standard Diagnostics), the agreement was 90.2%. The new ELISA is both accurate and precise, with intra and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) below 10%. Accelerated and real-time stability studies set the shelf life of the kit at 18 months. This study clearly suggests that the FeLVCHECK Ag ELISA can be a valuable tool in clinical practice, as it provides very rapid and reliable results without the need for sample preparation or particular laboratory equipment since all incubations are performed at room temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9914340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12097850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}