Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

{"title":"Fecal Microbiota Profiling in Indigenous Backyard and Commercial Chickens Reveals Distinct Taxonomic Signatures.","authors":"Abdullah Hasib, Stephen Ogada, Susan Maina, Stephen Kuria, Min-Sheng Peng, Jiangkun Yu, Sheila Cecily Ommeh","doi":"10.1155/vmi/3146713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/3146713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Farm management conditions and feeding practices in free-range (backyard), semi-intensive, or intensive production systems significantly influence the poultry gut microbiome, thereby impacting their productive performance and overall health. Here, fecal samples from asymptomatic indigenous backyard chickens raised in a free-range production system, characterized by little to no biosecurity measures in place, and from commercial chickens raised in an intensive production system with enhanced biosecurity measures were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Taxonomic assignment identified 19 bacterial phyla, 137 families, and 238 genera. The most prevalent phyla in indigenous backyard and commercial chickens were <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, <i>Fusobacteria</i>, and <i>Spirochaetes</i>. Similarities were detected between bacterial families and genera in both indigenous backyard and commercial chickens; however, the bacterial family <i>Bacillaceae</i> and genus <i>Anoxybacillus</i> were only observed in commercial chickens. Statistical tests performed to evaluate the alpha-diversity and beta-diversity metrics showed no significant difference in the fecal bacterial microbiota of indigenous backyard and commercial chickens, as indicated by the Wilcoxon rank-sum (<i>p</i> = 0.94) and PERMANOVA tests (<i>p</i> = 0.26). This study highlights bacteria that may affect the growth, development, and health of indigenous and commercial poultry raised under various production systems, thereby providing vital insights for the development of effective poultry farm management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3146713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Pichia kudriavzevii</i> KKU20 and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Exhibit Comparable Performance in Rice Straw Ensiling for Feed Efficiency and Growth of Thai Native Beef Cattle.","authors":"Anusorn Cherdthong, Natdanai Kanakai, Pachara Srichompoo, Metha Wanapat, Suphakon Pramotchit, Chanon Suntara","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9966809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/9966809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Objective: The study aimed to assess the effect of two yeast strains, <i>Pichia kudriavzevii</i> KKU20 and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, on the ensiling process of rice straw (RS) and its impact on nutritional digestibility, ruminal fermentation, energy utilization, and growth performance of Thai native bulls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight Thai native bulls were randomly assigned to two groups: One group was fed RS ensiled with <i>Pichia kudriavzevii</i> KKU20 (<i>n</i> = 4), and the other group was fed RS ensiled with <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (<i>n</i> = 4). The experiment included an 18-day adaptation period followed by a 60-day feeding period. The bulls received a concentrate diet formulated to meet their protein requirements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) were observed between the groups in terms of daily concentrate intake, roughage intake, overall intake, average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Similarly, ruminal parameters showed no significant differences between the two yeast treatments, including ruminal pH, ammonia concentration, blood urea nitrogen levels, total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs), and protozoal populations. Energy efficiency and nitrogen efficiency were also unaffected by the yeast strain used (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although no significant differences were found, <i>Pichia kudriavzevii</i> KKU20, a rumen-derived yeast strain, demonstrated comparable potential to <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, a widely used commercial yeast with known efficacy. This suggests that <i>P. kudriavzevii</i> KKU20 could be a promising alternative for ruminant nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9966809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection and Seroprevalence Study of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Small Ruminants in Central Ethiopia.","authors":"Teshome Yonas, Mishamo Sulayeman, Kassaye Adamu","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9956146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/9956146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a severe, highly contagious, and fatal viral disease of small ruminants that causes significant production losses and mortality in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to July 2022 to determine the seroprevalence of the disease in the study area. Samples were collected from the outbreak to conduct viral isolation and molecular detection, focusing specifically on sheep and goats as the study animals in the investigation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinical specimens were first collected from small ruminants showing signs suggestive of PPR. Paired swab samples and postmortem tissue specimens were obtained for virus isolation and molecular characterization. During necropsy, representative tissue sections were aseptically trimmed and processed. Of 250 clinically suspected animals, 25 were selected for detailed virus isolation and molecular detection of PPR virus (PPRV). PCR-positive samples were further confirmed through virus isolation in cell culture. Subsequently, blood samples (4 mL) were collected from the jugular vein of 384 small ruminants older than 6 months for serological analysis. Serum was separated and analyzed to determine the seroprevalence of the infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PPRV was detected in 10 of 25 samples (40%)using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), and of these RT-PCR-positive samples, PPRV was isolated from four samples using Vero cells. The overall seroprevalence of PPRV was 20.6% (<i>n</i> = 384). Age, herd composition, and history of the recent introduction of new small ruminants were significantly associated with seropositivity of PPR (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study confirmed widespread circulation of PPRV in the study areas, significantly affecting small ruminant productivity. High seroprevalence indicated endemicity, with identified risk factors including introducing new small ruminants and herd composition. Recommendations emphasize integrating small ruminants with other livestock and supporting government efforts. Caution is needed due to regional variations, highlighting the importance of further molecular characterization of circulating PPRV strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9956146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Evolution and Epidemiological Dynamics of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e Circulating in East Java, Indonesia, in 2022-2025.","authors":"Zayyin Dinana, Jola Rahmahani, Suwarno, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Mohammad Anam Al-Arif, Muchammad Yunus, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Igo Syaiful Ihsan, Aussie Tahta Maharani, Firdausy Kurnia Maulana, Nur Saidah Said, Deka Uli Fahrodi, Fedik Abdul Rantam","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6526830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/6526830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indonesia has been free from foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) for decades, but in April 2022, the first major re-emerging of FMDV was detected in Gresik, East Java, and later spreading nationwide. To understand how dynamic virus spread occurs in Indonesia, we performed an epidemiological study and molecular evolution analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 FMDV suspected samples collected in 2023-2025 from cattle in East Java, Indonesia. Phylogeny were inferred using the neighbor-joining method, and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) was employed to estimate the evolutionary rate and time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) compared with global reference and vaccine strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sanger sequencing was performed for 10 out of 40 positive VP1 genes, and results were confirmed as O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e. Amino acid substitutions were identified within the G-H loop region of the VP1 protein and play an important antigenic site involved in receptor binding and immune recognition. The Bayesian evolutionary analyses suggested that estimated evolutionary rate was 1.1 × 10^-3 substitutions/site/year and tMRCA was 2012 (95% HPD interval 2008-2025).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Amino acid mutations in G-H loop region may affect viral infectivity, host tropism, and vaccine match. These findings emphasize the need for continuous molecular surveillance of FMDV in Indonesia to detect emerging variants, understand transmission dynamics, and maintain effective antigenic matching between vaccines and circulating field strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6526830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic Morphological Lesions and Blood Biochemical Evidence of Impaired Metabolism in Wild European Moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) Naturally Infected With <i>Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha</i>.","authors":"Baiba Bergmane, Alina Klavina, Maksims Zolovs, Dace Gorbacevska","doi":"10.1155/vmi/2171927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/2171927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver flukes may cause significant pathological changes in domestic and wild ruminants. One such parasite, <i>Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha</i>, reported in European moose (<i>Alces alces</i>), still requires detailed investigation to better understand its pathogenesis and impact on host health. This study aimed to evaluate the gross, histopathological, and biochemical alterations associated with natural <i>P. fasciolaemorpha</i> infection in wild moose inhabiting forests throughout Latvia. Livers from 63 animals were examined, of which 15 (24%) were infected. Infected livers exhibited bile duct thickening and cavities containing trematodes and necrotic debris. Histologically, lesions in infected moose were observed in 82% of examined microscopic fields for portal inflammatory infiltration, 60% for portal fibrosis, and 47% for bile duct proliferation, compared with low frequencies in uninfected animals. Generalized linear mixed models confirmed significant associations between infection and portal inflammation, fibrosis, and bile duct proliferation, whereas bile duct mucous gland hyperplasia did not differ significantly from uninfected moose. Biochemically, infected moose showed reduced serum urea and amylase concentrations, while other hepatic enzyme values did not differ from uninfected controls, indicating mild impairment of hepatic function and possible pancreatic involvement. Fecal examination confirmed the presence of <i>P. fasciolaemorpha</i> eggs and revealed frequent co-infections with gastrointestinal parasites. These findings demonstrate that <i>P. fasciolaemorpha</i> infection in moose is associated with distinctive hepatic lesions and subtle but measurable biochemical alterations, expanding knowledge of this understudied trematode and emphasizing its importance in veterinary pathology and wildlife health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2171927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13087608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Uterine Microbiota in Mares With Endometritis: Impacts of Antibiotic Treatment.","authors":"Gian Guido Donato, Patrizia Nebbia, Maria Cristina Stella, Fabrizia Gionechetti, Ugo Ala, Davide Cristofoli, Patrizia Robino, Alberto Pallavicini, Tiziana Nervo","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5270993","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/5270993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite growing interest in the role of the reproductive microbiota, the uterine microbiota of mares has been only scarcely investigated using sequencing approaches. The aims of this study were to describe the uterine microbiota of mares with endometritis and the effects of antibiotic treatment using both 16S rRNA sequencing and culture. Five mares with clinical signs of endometritis and a positive bacteriological culture were enrolled. During the follicular phase (T0), uterine samples were collected using a double-guarded cytobrush and swab for microbiome and bacteriological analysis, respectively. Following the antimicrobial susceptibility test, they were treated with intrauterine infusions of ceftiofur sodium, and samplings were repeated during the subsequent follicular phase (T1). According to bacterial culture, at T0, <i>Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus</i> was identified in 4 mares and <i>Escherichia coli</i> in one. At T1, 3 mares resulted negative, one was positive for <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i>, and one continued to test positive for <i>E. coli.</i> According to NGS, the most represented genera at T0 were <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>, <i>Corynebacterium</i>, <i>Arcanobacterium</i>, <i>Porphyromonas, and Staphylococcus</i>. The first 3 genera dominated the microbiome of 4 mares with a relative abundance ranging from 44% to 99%. At T1, these genera's relative abundance dropped, and the most abundant were <i>Acinetobacter</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas.</i> Furthermore, after intrauterine infusion of ceftiofur, the microbiome was more diverse, according to Shannon and Simpson indexes (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5270993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13090575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Signaling Pathways Related to Performance, Meat Quality, and Organ Development in Multienzyme-Supplemented Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) Chickens.","authors":"Siti Rani Ayuti, Mirni Lamid, Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Mohammad Anam Al Arif, Eun Joong Kim, Sangsu Shin, Iwan Sahrial Hamid, Maslichah Mafruchati, Muslim Akmal, Aswin Rafif Khairullah","doi":"10.1155/vmi/2822518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/2822518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) chicken is a superior Indonesian native breed with high adaptability, good growth potential, and desirable meat quality. Nutritional strategies such as multienzyme supplementation are increasingly applied to improve productivity and meat quality without altering basal diet composition. This study investigated the effects of dietary multienzyme supplementation, consisting of phytase and protease, on growth performance, carcass characteristics, organ development, meat quality, and muscle-related gene expression in KUB chickens. Sixteen one-day-old male KUB chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: a control diet without multienzymes and three diets supplemented with phytase (200 mg/kg) combined with protease at 300, 500, or 700 mg/kg of feed. Growth performance parameters were measured up to 45 days of age, followed by carcass evaluation, organ weight analysis, meat quality assessment, and transcriptomic and quantitative real-time PCR analyses of breast muscle tissue. Multienzyme supplementation significantly improved final body weight and feed conversion ratio, particularly during the finisher phase, while reducing feed intake at higher enzyme inclusion levels. Carcass percentage and breast weight were enhanced in multienzyme-treated groups, accompanied by favorable changes in digestive and immune organ development. Meat quality analysis showed increased water-holding capacity, reduced cooking loss, and improved color characteristics, notably higher redness and lower yellowness values. Transcriptomic profiling and gene expression analysis revealed significant modulation of key muscle growth-related genes, including ACTA1, MYBPC1, TGFβ2, IGF2, and MYH9, indicating adaptive transcriptional responses associated with improved nutrient utilization rather than direct structural muscle alterations. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with a combination of phytase and protease effectively enhances growth performance, feed efficiency, carcass traits, and meat quality in KUB chickens while modulating growth-related gene expression. Multienzyme inclusion represents a promising and cost-effective nutritional strategy for improving productivity and meat quality in native chicken production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2822518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13083582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 Isolated From Slaughtered Sheep, Goats, and the Surrounding Environment at Haramaya Municipal Abattoir, Eastern Ethiopia.","authors":"Aklilu Asmelash, Yusuf Abrahim, Ashenafi Syoum, Gebremedhin Gebrezgabiher","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5525883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/5525883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 (STEC) is a major foodborne pathogen associated with illnesses such as diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Due to the limited data regarding the prevalence of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 in the study area, this cross-sectional study was conducted at the Haramaya municipal abattoir in Ethiopia from February to August 2021 to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of the pathogen in slaughtered sheep, goats, and the surrounding environment. Systematic random sampling was used to obtain 440 samples from 78 sheep and 32 goats. These samples consisted of swabs from the external and internal surfaces of carcasses, skin swabs, and fecal samples. Additionally, 24 environmental samples, comprising 12 separate hand and knife swabs, were purposefully collected. All the samples were enriched in modified tryptone broth containing novobiocin and then streaked onto EMB agar for preliminary <i>E. coli</i> detection. Colonies confirmed as <i>E. coli</i> through biochemical tests were further cultured on sorbitol MacConkey agar, and non-sorbitol-fermenting isolates were subjected to latex agglutination for serogroup identification. Susceptibility testing was performed on all <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 isolates against eight selected antibiotics. Only 13 of the total 464 samples analyzed (2.8%) were positive, with most originating from sheep (69.2%, 9/13), followed by goats (23.1%, 3/13) and one from a knife (7.7%, 1/13). The prevalence results indicate that slaughtered sheep and goats are significant reservoirs of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7, with the detection in environmental samples highlighting critical gaps in abattoir hygiene that facilitate carcass contamination. The isolates were fully susceptible to gentamicin and kanamycin but resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, and vancomycin, and all exhibited multidrug resistance. The presence of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 and antibiotic-resistant isolates signals a public health risk for meat handlers and consumers, reinforcing the necessity of applying proper control measures in abattoirs and during meat consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5525883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13058224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carriage of Antibiotic-Resistant <i>E</i>. <i>Coli</i> by Mixed Dog Breeds in Kasarani Subcounty, Kenya: A Public Health Concern.","authors":"Ombura Esther Bosibori, Lilly Carolyne Bebora, Susan Mbugua","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5305098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/5305098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic resistance (AMR) is currently one of the most worrying trends globally, as it prevents effective treatment of diseases, some of which may be life-threatening. Pet animals are assumed to be potential reservoirs for transferring AMR to humans due to the wide use of antibiotics on pets and their close contact with humans. This study confirmed the carriage of <i>E. coli</i>-resistant bacteria by dogs in the Kasarani area, Nairobi, Kenya. Fecal samples were collected from 18 (11 stray dogs and 7 home-kept) dogs. The samples (14) yielded <i>E. coli</i>, which were further tested for susceptibility to selected antibiotics, by the agar disc diffusion method; 13 of them demonstrated resistance at various rates: highest resistance was to ampicillin (AMP) at 85.7%, followed by sulfamethoxazole (SX) at 64.3%, cotrimoxazole (COT) and tetracycline (TE) at 57.1%, streptomycin (S) at 50%, kanamycin at 21.4%, and chloramphenicol at 7.1% (1 isolate); while all isolates were susceptible to gentamycin, 3 isolates were resistant to AMP only, one of which was resistant to 6 antibiotics, while one was susceptible to all 8 antibiotics tested. Some isolates demonstrated multiple resistance; one showed resistance to 6 antibiotics tested. Antibiotics with high inclusion in the multiresistant strains were AMP and TE at 72.7% (8/11) each. The next common inclusion was SX at 63.6% (7/11), followed by COT and S at 54.5% (6/11) each. The bacteria resistant to chloramphenicol were further resistant to four other antibiotics: AMP, COT, S, and SX. Results of this study could help guide the empirical use of antibiotics in small animal practice and further provide added information on the status of AMR bacteria in Kasarani.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5305098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Specific Hormonal Protocols on Uterine Involution and Ovarian Cyclicity in Early Postpartum Egyptian Buffaloes.","authors":"Maha Sabry Salama, Mohey Ahmed Ashour, Abdulrahman Abdulkarim, Mustafa Shukry, Abdel Salam Metwally, Ibrahim Abusaeda, Khaled A Khesruf, Arafat Khalphallah, Mohamed Awad Abu El-Hamd","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6584525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/6584525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid uterine involution and early resumption of ovarian cyclicity are essential for improving reproductive efficiency in postpartum buffaloes. This study evaluated the effects of different hormonal protocols administered during early postpartum on uterine involution, ovarian activity, and reproductive performance in multiparous Egyptian buffaloes. Particular attention was given to the timing of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) administration, as its application around Day 14 postpartum has been relatively less explored in buffaloes despite coinciding with early uterine recovery and emerging follicular activity. Ninety buffaloes were allocated into five groups receiving gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), eCG, or their combinations with prostaglandin F2<i>α</i>, in addition to a control group. Reproductive performance, ovarian activity assessed by ultrasonography, and serum progesterone concentrations were monitored during the early postpartum period. Buffaloes treated with eCG showed shorter uterine involution periods, reduced days open, and higher pregnancy rates compared with untreated controls. Hormonal treatments, particularly eCG-based protocols, enhanced ovarian cyclicity, as reflected by improved follicular development, corpus luteum formation, and increased progesterone concentrations. In conclusion, the most favorable reproductive outcomes were achieved when eCG was administered alone or in combination with GnRH and prostaglandin F2<i>α</i> during the early postpartum period.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6584525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}