Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial Usage by Small-Scale Commercial Poultry Farmers in Mid-Western District of Masindi Uganda: Patterns, Public Health Implications, and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>E. coli</i>.","authors":"Majalija Samuel,&nbsp;Tony Fredrick Wabwire,&nbsp;Gabriel Tumwine,&nbsp;Peter Waiswa","doi":"10.1155/2023/6644271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6644271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poultry production in Uganda is growing at a fast rate due to increasing demand, notwithstanding, poor husbandry practices, and diseases, prompting farmers to rear healthy productive flocks with antimicrobials. The study evaluated the knowledge and practices as regards the use of antibiotics among poultry farmers in Masindi district and determined the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of <i>E. coli</i> strains from chickens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study using a closed-end questionnaire was conducted in 140 selected small-scale commercial poultry farms in Masindi district between June and December, 2020. Analyzed qualitative data were presented as frequencies, percentages, and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Fecal swabs from chickens were inoculated onto a MacConkey agar, and <i>E. coli</i> was confirmed by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method for 7 antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most farmers (74%) used antibiotics, mainly tetracycline (51.4%) and sulfonamides (28.6%), given to the chicks (45%), for both curative and prophylaxis purposes (80%), and via drinking water (67%). Farmers mainly used antibiotics recommended by the veterinarian (76.4%), more than relying on experience (10.7%), while 45% were involved in self-medicating the birds. On choosing the correct dosage, 45.7% read the instruction, and 42.9% consulted a veterinarian. Only 10.7% observed the drug withdrawal period, while 53.6% consumed eggs at home or sold eggs (35.7%) from birds under treatment. Of the 200 <i>E. coli</i> strains, 90 (45.0%) were resistant to one drug, 74 (37.0%) to two, and multidrug resistance to three classes of antibiotics was 36 (18.0%). Overall, <i>E. coli</i> resistance to tetracycline was (69.0%), ampicillin (37.0%), sulfonamides (36.0%), and to kanamycin (1.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The small-scale poultry farmers frequently use antimicrobial drugs, mainly tetracycline and sulfonamides for curative and prophylaxis. Thus, enforcing measures against antibiotic use supported by a strong veterinary service sector and farmers' training on judicious use of antimicrobials are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6644271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10139818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9397575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual and Herd-Level Seroprevalence in Association with Potential Risk Factors of Japanese Encephalitis in Pigs Collected from Urban, Periurban, and Rural Areas of Bali, Indonesia.","authors":"I Made Kardena,&nbsp;Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi,&nbsp;I Nyoman Mantik Astawa,&nbsp;Mark O'Dea,&nbsp;Ian Robertson,&nbsp;Shafi Sahibzada,&nbsp;Mieghan Bruce","doi":"10.1155/2023/9682657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9682657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A study to assess the seroprevalence antibodies against JEV in pigs in Denpasar, Badung, and Karangasem as the representatives of urban, periurban, and rural areas in the province of Bali was conducted. Sampled pigs' blood was collected and their sera were tested for antibody detection using commercial IgG ELISA. A standard questionnaire was used to interview the pig owners or farmers to identify the determinants associated with the seropositivity of the antibodies. Overall, 96.6% (95% CI: 94.5-98.1) of 443 pig sera in individual animal-level seroprevalence were seropositive to the ELISA. Karangasem had the highest test prevalence at 97.3% (95% CI: 93.1-99.2) while Badung had a slightly lower prevalence at 96.6% (95% CI: 92.2-98.9), and Denpasar had the lowest prevalence at 96% (95% CI: 91.5-98.5) (<i>p</i>=0.84). In herd-level seroprevalence, all sampled herds contained one or more seropositive pigs (overall herd-level seroprevalence 100% [95% CI: 97.7-100]). No animal-level factors were significantly associated with seropositivity (all <i>p</i> values >0.05). For the herd-level risk factors relating to pig management and husbandry practices adopted, no analysis model could be generated, as all the sampled herds were seropositive. More than 90% seroprevalence detected in this study indicates high natural JEV infection occurred in pigs, which highlights the high public health risk of the infection in the areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9682657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9946736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10799375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Contamination Level, and Associated Factors of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Raw Cow Milk at Selected Districts of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Edget Abayneh Alembo,&nbsp;Tomas Tonjo Torka","doi":"10.1155/2023/6238754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6238754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is pathogenic bacterium contaminating milk and milk products causing bacterial food poisoning. In the current study sites, there is no information on methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Thus, the current study sought to assess the risk factors that contribute to the contamination of raw cow milk, the bacterial load, and the prevalence of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aurous</i>. A cross-sectional study was conducted, January to December, 2021, on randomly selected 140 milk samples from selling point of Arba Minch Zuria and Chencha districts. Fresh milk samples were processed and tested for bacterial load, bacterial isolation, and methicillin susceptibility patterns. Questionnaire survey was conducted on 140 producers and collectors to assess hygienic factors attributed to contamination of raw cow milk with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The overall prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> was 42.1% (59/140) (95% confidence interval (CI): 34.80-51.40%). About 15.6% (22/140) of the milk samples assessed had the viable count and total <i>S. aureus</i> count higher than 5log cfu/mL with 5.3 + 1.68 and 1.36 + 1.7log cfu/ml^-1 bacterial loads, respectively. The rate of isolation of <i>S. aureus</i> was significantly high in milk from highland than lowland (<i>p</i>=0.030). The multivariable logistic regression revealed that educational status (OR: 6.00; 95% CI: 4.01-8.07), picking one's nose while working on milk (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.54-2.25), cleaning the milk can (OR: 4.5; 95% CI: 2.61-5.17), hand washing activities (OR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.670-6.987), check for abnormal milk (OR: 2; 95% CI: 1.55-2.75), and container for milk (OR: 3; 95% CI: 0.12-0.67) were risk factors significantly associated with the occurrence of <i>S. aureus</i> in milk. In conclusion, the highest rate of resistance was observed to ampicillin (84.7%) and cefoxitin (76.3%). All isolates are resistant to at least two types of antimicrobial drugs, while 65.0% of the isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant. The higher prevalence, high load, and antimicrobial resistance of <i>S. aureus</i> indicate the higher public health risk due to the widespread consumption of raw milk in the area. Furthermore, consumers in the study area should be aware of the risks associated with consuming raw milk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6238754"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10122580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9447353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypical Identification and Toxinotyping of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Isolates from Healthy and Enteric Disease-Affected Chickens.","authors":"Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana,&nbsp;Tanvir Ahmad Nizami,&nbsp;Md Sayedul Islam,&nbsp;Himel Barua,&nbsp;Md Zohorul Islam","doi":"10.1155/2023/2584171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2584171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Clostridium perfringens</i> is a ubiquitous spore-forming anaerobic pathogen that is frequently associated with enteric disease in chickens. Moreover, enterotoxin-producing <i>C. perfringens</i> has high zoonotic potential as well as serious public health concerns due to the emanation of food-borne intoxication. The present study was designed to isolate, identify, and toxinotype <i>C. perfringens</i> from both healthy and cases of necrotic or ulcerative enteritis chickens. A total of 110 samples were collected from July 2019 to February 2021. Among the samples, 38 (34.5%, 95% CI: 26.39-43.83) were positive for <i>C. perfringens</i> and were obtained from broiler 21 (33.3%, 95% CI: 22.91-45.67), Sonali 9 (34.6%, 95% CI: 19.31-53.88), and layer 8 (38%, 95% CI: 20.68-59.20). <i>C. perfringens</i> was highly prevalent (35.7%, 95% CI: 25.48-47.44) in enteritis chickens compared with healthy ones. In multiplex PCR toxinotyping, 34 (89.4%) isolates were identified as <i>C. perfringens</i> type A by the presence of the alpha toxin gene (<i>cpa</i>). Moreover, in addition to the cpa gene, 3 (14.3%, 95% CI: 4.14-35.48) broiler and 1 (11.1%, 95% CI: 0.01-45.67) Sonali isolates harbored the enterotoxin gene (<i>cpe</i>) and were classified as type F. However, none of the isolates carried genes encoding beta (<i>cpb</i>), epsilon (<i>etx</i>), iota (<i>iap</i>), or beta-2 (<i>cpb2</i>) toxins. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the following variables such as; \"previously used litter materials\" (OR 21.77, 95% CI 2.22-212.66, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.008); intestinal lesions, \"presence of ulceration\" (OR 30.01, 95% CI 3.02-297.91, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.004); \"ballooned with gas\" (OR 24.74, 95% CI 4.34-140.86, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) and \"use of probiotics\" (OR 5.24, 95% CI 0.74-36.75, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.095) act as risk factors for <i>C. perfringens</i> colonization in chicken gut. This is the first study of molecular toxinotyping of <i>C. perfringens</i> from healthy and enteric-diseased chickens in Bangladesh, which might have a potential food-borne zoonotic impact on human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2584171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9931463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9315960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of <i>Peste des Petits</i> Ruminants and Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia Coinfections in Goats in Kwale County, Kenya.","authors":"George Lugonzo,&nbsp;George Gitao,&nbsp;Lilly Bebora,&nbsp;Harrison Osundwa Lutta","doi":"10.1155/2023/5513916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5513916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Goats are among the most important small ruminants affected by <i>Peste des Petits</i> ruminants (PPR) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) diseases, two of the most significant constraints worldwide to the production of small ruminant species. Herein, the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and the latex agglutination test (LAT) were used to determine the coinfections of PPR and CCPP in goats in Kwale County on Kenya's South Coast. A total of 368 serum samples were collected from goats of various ages and sexes exhibiting respiratory distress in the four subcounties of Kwale County (Kinango, Lunga Lunga, Matuga, and Msambweni) and screened for PPR and CCPP antibodies. Of the 368 goats sampled, 259 (70.4%) were females and 109 (29.6%) were males, and 126 (34.2%), 71 (19.3%), 108 (29.3%), and 63 (17.1%) samples were collected from Kinango, Matuga, Lunga Lunga, and Msambweni, respectively. The overall PPR seropositivity rate was 48.6% (179/368); rates in Kinango, Lunga Lunga, Matuga, and Msambweni were 70.6%, 29.6%, 49.3%, and 36.5%, respectively. The overall CCPP seropositivity rate was 45.4% (167/368), while rates in Kinango, Lunga Lunga, Matuga, and Msambweni were 51.6%, 49.1%, 36.6%, and 36.5%, respectively. Notably, the seropositivity of PPR was higher in male (53.3%) than in female (46.72%) goats, though not statistically significant. In addition, the CCPP seropositivity rates were not significantly different between male (44.0%) and female (45.9%) goats. Regarding age, the PPR seropositivity rates were 45.9%, 55.8%, and 52.3% in adults, kids, and weaners, respectively. For CCPP, the seropositivity rates were 48.3%, 40.4%, and 42.3% in adults, kids, and weaners, respectively. The coinfection rate of PPR and CCPP was 22.3% (82/368). Despite the high coinfection, univariate analysis revealed no relationship between PPR and CCPP infections. However, given the high PPR and CCPP infection rates, as a result of separate or coinfection, there is a need to upscale or intensify vaccination in the county.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5513916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10361832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9862519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of Bone Marrow Aspiration from 120 Cats in Different Hematological Conditions.","authors":"Thierry G de Cristo,&nbsp;Giovana Biezus,&nbsp;Geanice Ledo,&nbsp;Marcela B S Teixeira,&nbsp;Mayara Vavassori,&nbsp;Denilson R Soares,&nbsp;Mere E Saito,&nbsp;Renata A Casagrande","doi":"10.1155/2023/2493618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2493618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone marrow (BM) evaluation is highly important for the diagnosis of numerous hematological alterations in animals, especially cats, given their greater propensity for hematopoietic changes associated with retrovirus infections. This study aims to describe the main aspects of the BM of cats with different hematological conditions, comparing with reference intervals established from animals without hematological alterations and also with a previously established reference interval. To do so, we evaluated full blood and BM samples from 120 cats with no abnormalities on physical examination, negative for FeLV and FIV. Hemograms were performed from automated total cell and platelet and leukocyte differential counts in blood smears. BM samples were placed in Petri dishes; medullary spicules were selected to make up to eight cytological slides stained by the May-Grunwald-Giemsa technique, which were subjected to quantitative and cellular morphology evaluations. The cats were predominantly young, 64.2% female and 35.8% male. The average number of medullary spicules in samples was 13.7%, and density was 44%. In the BM quantitative analysis, prorubricytes and rubriblasts had higher quantities than the recommended one for all cats with or without hematological alterations. In all groups, lymphocytes were decreased, and cats with lymphocytosis were closest to the reference range, showing flame cells and Mott cells. The reference interval for the bone marrow cell count obtained from the samples in this work differs from previously established data, leading to different interpretations of the patient's BM condition, according to the cell population observed and the reference interval used. This divergence strongly emphasizes the need to correlate clinical, epidemiological, hematological, and bone marrow data of each patient for a better understanding of the patient's condition. The popularization of BM assessment is essential so that more reliable reference intervals can be established according to the population served by each pathologist and clinical laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2493618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10465254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10183999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of High Mobility Group Box 1a (<i>HMGB1a</i>) Gene in Red-Bellied Pacu, <i>Piaractus brachypomus</i>.","authors":"Nicolas Carrillo-Godoy,&nbsp;Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán","doi":"10.1155/2023/2774528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2774528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a chromosomal protein in the nucleus and a potent extracellular proinflammatory cytokine, widely described in mammals, nevertheless, with scarce reports in fish. In this study, full open reading frame of <i>HMGB1a</i> gene from <i>Piaractus brachypomus</i> is reported as well as its molecular characterization, including tissue gene expression. At predicted protein level, <i>HMGB1a</i> showed similarities with its orthologs in teleosts and higher vertebrates. The relative gene expression of <i>HMGB1a</i> mRNA was measured in several tissues including the brain, where a differential expression appeared in brain regions, i.e., higher expression in the cerebellum and telencephalon. In addition, in an assay of sublethal exposure to chlorpyrifos, upregulation of <i>HMGB1a</i> was detected in optic chiasm. Furthermore, in a traumatic brain injury model, upregulation of <i>HMGB1a</i> expression was evident 24 hours after lesion and remained higher up to 14 days. These findings suggest a role for <i>HMGB1a</i> in brain damage and its candidature as biomarker of brain injury; however, more studies are required to elucidate the functions of <i>HMGB1a</i> and its regulation in <i>P. brachypomus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2774528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10264711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9660553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Addition of <i>Opuntia ficus-indica</i> Ethanolic Extract to a Skimmed Milk-Based Extender Impacts Ram Sperm Quality.","authors":"Larbi Allai,&nbsp;Xavier Druart,&nbsp;Pinar Terzioğlu,&nbsp;Noureddine Louanjli,&nbsp;Boubker Nasser,&nbsp;Mehmet Ozturk,&nbsp;Bouchra El Amiri","doi":"10.1155/2023/6248890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6248890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, researchers have focused on the use of natural antioxidants to improve semen quality as a key element for successful artificial insemination. In this context, the first aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and composition (minerals, vitamins, and sugars) of <i>Opuntia ficus-indica</i> cladode ethanolic extract (ETHEX). A further purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of ETHEX supplementation on the quality of liquid ram semen extended with skim milk (SM) at 5°C. The antioxidant activity of ETHEX was studied using free radical 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) assay. The mineral composition and the sugar and vitamin contents of ETHEX were determined using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and HPLC-DAD-RID analytical instruments. As a second part, semen was collected from five Boujaâd rams with an artificial vagina. The ejaculates with more than 70% motility were pooled, extended with skim milk (SM) extender without (control) or supplemented with 1-8% of ETHEX (37°C; 0.8 × 109 sperm/mL). Sperm quality parameters were assessed at 8, 24, 48, and 72 h. The results showed that ETHEX had a higher antioxidant activity compared to those of ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Furthermore, ETHEX contains a considerable amount of minerals, vitamins, and sugars. The inclusion of 1 or 2% ETHEX in SM increased the sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity and decreased the abnormality of spontaneous and catalyzed lipids peroxidation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) up to 72 h. In addition, semen diluted with 1 and 2% ETHEX decreased the level of DNA fragmentation compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, the ETHEX could be recommended to improve the quality of liquid ram spermatozoa. However, its effects on artificial insemination should be further studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6248890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10101746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9315596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of an <i>In Vitro</i> Oocyte Maturation System and Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation during Embryo Culture on the Development of Porcine Cloned Embryos Derived from Native Vietnamese Ban Pigs.","authors":"Thanh Van Nguyen,&nbsp;Lanh Thi Kim Do,&nbsp;Ngoc-Anh Thi Nguyen,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Kikuchi,&nbsp;Tamas Somfai,&nbsp;Takeshige Otoi","doi":"10.1155/2023/5702970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5702970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to improve the production efficiency of Vietnamese native Ban pig embryos using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Fibroblast cells from Ban pigs were injected into the enucleated cytoplasts of crossbred gilts, and the reconstructed embryos were subsequently cultured. In the first experiment, cytoplasts were isolated from oocytes matured in either a defined porcine oocyte medium (POM) or in TCM199 medium supplemented with porcine follicular fluid. Both media were supplemented with gonadotropic hormones, either for the first 22 h of <i>in vitro</i> maturation (IVM) or for the entire 44 h of IVM. In the second experiment, the reconstructed SCNT embryos were cultured with or without 50 <i>μ</i>M chlorogenic acid (CGA). Furthermore, this study examined parthenogenetic embryos. The IVM medium and duration of hormone treatment did not affect embryo development. CGA supplementation to the culture medium significantly increased blastocyst formation rates in parthenogenetic embryos but not in SCNT embryos. However, CGA supplementation significantly reduced the apoptotic index in blastocysts regardless of embryo source. In conclusion, the IVM method did not affect SCNT embryo production, while CGA supplementation during embryo culture improved the quality of SCNT embryos in indigenous pig breeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5702970"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10125732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9361885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella in Poultry Products in Central Ethiopia.","authors":"Isayas Asefa Kebede, Tefari Duga","doi":"10.1155/2022/8625636","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/8625636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonellosis is a bacterial infection caused by salmonella, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. From December 2021 to May 2021, a cross-sectional study was carried out to isolate Salmonella from poultry farms in the towns of Bishoftu and Adama and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility frequency of the isolates. A total of 384 samples were tested for the presence of Salmonella, including 259 feces, 56 eggs, and 69 types of meat, using the ISO, 2002 standard procedures. The raw data were organized, coded, and entered into an Excel spreadsheet before being analyzed with STATA via descriptive analysis with chi-square. From 384 collected samples, 62 (16.15%) isolates were obtained, with 9.9%, 3.65, and 2.6% found in feces, eggs, and meat, respectively. Statistically, there was a significant difference between breeds (<i>p</i> value = 0.036). Bovines had the highest prevalence (32.83%), while Saso had the lowest (30.81%). The variation within each sample type, housing condition, and age group was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> value >0.05). Antimicrobial resistance was found in 29 (96.77%) of the isolates. Ampicillin and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim were effective against all isolates. Salmonella was isolated from various locations, sample types, ages, and breeds, indicating a wider distribution. Salmonellosis detection isolates suggested that it could be an emerging poultry and public health issue. As a result, future research should concentrate on isolating and identifying salmonella from poultry in backyard systems and comparing it to that of an intensive farm, as well as molecular characterization for serotyping and genetic studies, as well as genes responsible for salmonella pathogenicity and drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2022 ","pages":"8625636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9794417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10454949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}