Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

{"title":"Isolation of Oral Bacteria, Measurement of the C-Reactive Protein, and Blood Clinical Parameters in Dogs with Oral Tumor.","authors":"Chanokchon Setthawongsin,&nbsp;Duangdaow Khunbutsri,&nbsp;Sirinun Pisamai,&nbsp;Wuttinun Raksajit,&nbsp;Suchanit Ngamkala,&nbsp;Thitichai Jarudecha,&nbsp;Nattakan Meekhanon,&nbsp;Anudep Rungsipipat","doi":"10.1155/2023/2582774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2582774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine oral cancers have a poor prognosis and are related to chronic inflammation. This may pose a risk of secondary bacterial infection. This study aimed to compare the bacteria isolated from oral swab samples, values of C-reactive proteins (CRPs), and clinical blood profiles of dogs with and without oral mass. A total of 36 dogs were divided in three groups: no oral mass (<i>n</i> = 21), oral mass (<i>n</i> = 8), and metastasis groups (<i>n</i> = 7). Significantly, both the clinical groups (the oral mass group and metastasis group) showed anemia, a decrease in the albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), and an increase in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), globulin-to-albumin ratio (GAR), CRP, and CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR) compared to the normal group. CAR showed an increasing trend in the oral mass and metastasis groups (10 times and 100 times, respectively) compared to the no oral mass group (<i>P</i> < 0.001). <i>Neisseria</i> spp. (20.78%) was the main isolated bacteria in all groups. The main genera in the no oral mass group were <i>Neisseria</i> spp. (28.26%), <i>Pasteurella</i> spp. (19.57%), and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (19.57%). <i>Neisseria</i> spp., <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Klebsiella</i> spp., and <i>Escherichia</i> spp. were found equally (12.5%) in the oral mass group. <i>Escherichia</i> spp. (26.67%), <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. (13.33%), and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. (13.33%) were the main genera in the metastasis group. Interestingly, <i>Neisseria</i> spp. decreased in the clinical groups (Fisher's exact = 6.39, <i>P</i>=0.048), and <i>Escherichia</i> spp. increased in the metastasis group (Fisher's exact = 14.00, <i>P</i>=0.002). The difference of oral bacteria in clinical dogs compared to healthy dogs may be related to microbiome alterations, and both the clinical groups showed the increment of inflammatory biomarkers. This suggested that further studies should be conducted on the correlation between the specific bacteria, CRP, blood clinical parameters, and type of canine oral mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2582774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10060073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9248461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of In-House ELISA for Antirabies Antibodies Detection in Domestic Canine.","authors":"Yul Fitria,&nbsp;Niko Febrianto,&nbsp;Rahmi E Putri,&nbsp;Ibenu Rahmadani,&nbsp;Didik T Subekti","doi":"10.1155/2023/4096258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4096258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indonesia is known to be endemic for rabies in several areas, especially in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Flores Islands. Currently, vaccinating dogs has been shown to be the most cost-effective strategy for preventing rabies in humans. Postvaccination monitoring should be carried out to evaluate the success of vaccination by measuring antibody titers in serum of vaccinated dogs. Serological methods for monitoring rabies-specific antibody titers can be carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods as recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). Therefore, the development of the in-house ELISA (BukTi-Vet) that we have carried out in order to support postvaccination monitoring in dogs needs to be evaluated for its diagnostic performance compared to commercial ELISA kits. The diagnostic performance of each ELISA kit was evaluated using 111 known positive and 47 negative serums. Each known positive and negative serum will be tested using the three rabies ELISA kits used in this study. BukTi-Vet is an in-house ELISA for the detection of rabies-specific IgG antibodies that have been developed with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 98.19%, 97.87%, and 98.1%, respectively. Based on the value of its positive and negative clinical utility index, BukTi-Vet is excellent for use in immunoassays directed for confirmatory (0.97) as well as screening (0.94) tests. BukTi-Vet shows a very good agreement with both Platelia II and RFFIT, so it is convincing to be further refined into a diagnostic kit. Tests of field sera from dogs vaccinated with various vaccines should be performed to provide more complete information on diagnostic performance. BukTi-Vet showed a very good agreement with RFFIT, while Pusvetma and Platelia II only showed good agreement. The average value of BukTi-Vet compatibility with RFFIT can reach 94%.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4096258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9891833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9215191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection of Virulence Factors in <i>Salmonella serovars</i> Isolated from Poultry and Human Samples.","authors":"Kelly Johanna Lozano-Villegas,&nbsp;María Paula Herrera-Sánchez,&nbsp;Mónica Alexandra Beltrán-Martínez,&nbsp;Stefany Cárdenas-Moscoso,&nbsp;Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán","doi":"10.1155/2023/1875253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1875253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonellosis is a common infectious disease in humans caused by <i>Salmonella</i> spp., which in recent years has shown an increase in its incidence, with products of avian origin being a common source of transmission. To present a successful infective cycle, there are molecular mechanisms such as virulence factors that provide characteristics that facilitate survival, colonization, and damage to the host. According to this, the study aims to characterize the virulence factors of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. strains isolated from broilers (<i>n</i> = 39) and humans (<i>n</i> = 10). The presence of 24 virulence genes was evaluated using end-point PCR. All the strains of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolated from broiler chickens revealed presence of 7/24 (29, 16%) virulence genes (<i>lpfA</i>, <i>csgA</i>, <i>sitC</i>, <i>sipB</i>, <i>sopB</i>, <i>sopE</i>, and <i>sivH</i>). Regarding the strains isolated from cases of gastroenteritis in humans, all strains contained (14/24, 58, 33%) virulence genes (<i>lpfA</i>, <i>csgA</i>, <i>pagC</i>, <i>msgA</i>, <i>spiA</i>, <i>sitC</i>, <i>iroN</i>, <i>sipB</i>, <i>orgA</i>, <i>hilA</i>, <i>sopB</i>, <i>sifA</i>, <i>avrA</i>, and <i>sivH</i>). In summary, the presence of virulence genes in different strains of <i>Salmonella</i> isolated from broilers and humans could be described as bacteria with potential pathogenicity due to the type and number of virulence genes detected. These findings are beneficial for the pathogenic monitoring of <i>Salmonella</i> in Colombia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1875253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9998162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9102562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Protocols of Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination on Mucus, Ovarian Size, and Pregnancy of Mixed-Breed Cows in the Humid Tropics of Peru.","authors":"Clavel Diaz-Quevedo,&nbsp;Alonso Ramírez García,&nbsp;Lenin Torres Bernal,&nbsp;Jorge Cáceres Coral,&nbsp;Gustavo Ampuero Trigoso,&nbsp;José Américo Saucedo-Uriarte","doi":"10.1155/2023/9942021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9942021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the research was to evaluate three synchronization protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in <i>Bos indicus</i> with <i>Bos taurus</i> crossbred cows. Forty-five cows of 5 ± 1.6 years were selected. The Jsynch treatment consisted of the application of an intravaginal device plus benzoate; on day 8, the device was removed and PGF2<i>α</i>, estradiol cypionate plus eCG was applied, and the FTAI was performed at 48-52 hours after. Conventional treatment consisted of the application of an intravaginal device plus benzoate; on day 8, the device was removed and PGF2<i>α</i> plus eCG was injected, and on day 9, estradiol benzoate was administered, and FTAI was performed at 30 hours. The Ovsynch treatment consisted of the application of GnRH, and on day 8, PGF2<i>α</i> was applied, on day 9, GnRH was applied again, and on day 10, FTAI plus GnRH was applied. The diagnosis of pregnancy was determined by transrectal ultrasound 45 days after the FTAI. The Jsynch (39.1%) and conventional (39.1%) treatment showed higher pregnancy compared to the Ovsynch treatment (21.7%) of pregnancy. The presence of crystalline mucus at the time of the FTAI was significantly associated with pregnancy. The results of this investigation indicate that it is possible to obtain acceptable pregnancy rates with the FTAI in <i>B. indicus</i> with <i>B. taurus</i> crossbred milk-producing cows, and treatments with progesterone-releasing devices plus eCG can improve the reproductive performance of cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9942021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10212680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9900223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeat Breeding and Its' Associated Risk Factors in Crossbred Dairy Cattle in Northern Central Highlands of Ethiopia.","authors":"Tewodros Eshete,&nbsp;Tilaye Demisse,&nbsp;Tefera Yilma,&nbsp;Berhan Tamir","doi":"10.1155/2023/1176924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1176924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the current study was to ascertain the prevalence and incidence of repeat breeding and related risk variables in crossbred dairy cattle in the northern Central Highlands of Ethiopia. The prevalence and incidence of repeat breeding in crossbred dairy cattle were 38.4% and 36.6%, respectively, out of the total cows and heifers taken into account for this study and handled with various production strategies. Age, parity, body condition, breeding practices, milk yield, management condition, and insemination time were all substantially (<i>P</i> < 0.05) associated with the prevalence and incidence of repeat breeders. Repeat breeder is more common in elderly, underweight, multiparous, high-milk producing, and AI serviced cows, as well as cows kept in poor management condition. It was deduced that the production system had a significant impact (<i>P</i> < 0.05) on the prevalence of repeat breeders in the research area. In addition, herd size was significantly associated (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with the prevalence of repeat breeder in this study. Insemination time and heat detection practices were also substantially (<i>P</i> < 0.05) interrelated with the prevalence and incidence of repeat breeders, indicating that incorrect heat detection and/or insemination timing had an impact on these variables. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the mindfulness of farm owners, managers, and attendants about appropriate feed and feeding management, accurate heat detection, and insemination time. To reduce the incidence of repeat breeders and the associated reproductive issues, as well as the resulting financial losses on dairy farms, health, housing, and reproductive management should also be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1176924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9884168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10646861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Determination of Antibacterial Sensitivity Characteristics of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from Lactating Cows in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.","authors":"Negassa Feyissa,&nbsp;Tesfaye Alemu,&nbsp;Dagim Jirata Birri,&nbsp;Asnake Desalegn,&nbsp;Melaku Sombo,&nbsp;Shubisa Abera","doi":"10.1155/2023/3142231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3142231","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus (S.) aureus&lt;/i&gt; is one of the etiologies of bovine mastitis, hindering milk production and productivity in dairy farms. This study was aimed at assessing the distribution of bovine mastitis and the isolation rate of &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt; in milked cows of West Shewa Zone. The clinical mastitis was diagnosed by physical methods including observation and palpation, whereas the subclinical mastitis was tested by the California mastitis test (CMT). All of the cows tested for mastitis were aseptically sampled (teat-milk) for bacteriology. The bacterium was primarily identified based on colony characterization, catalase, coagulase tests, and Gram stain reaction. Finally, MALDI-TOF Biotyper confirmed the species. The antibacterial sensitivity characteristics of the isolates to different antibacterial drugs were tested by the disk diffusion method. The drugs were selected based on the frequent usage in veterinary medicine in the study area. By using particular primers, the presence of the resistance (&lt;i&gt;mecA&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;blaZ&lt;/i&gt;), and thermonuclease (&lt;i&gt;nuc&lt;/i&gt;) genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data were analyzed by R statistical software. The associations between the dependent variables (prevalence of mastitis and &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt;) and the explanatory variables were analysed by chi-square (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and logistic regression tests at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Accordingly, 258 lactating cows were examined, of which 97 (37.6%) were mastitis positive. Of these mastitis positive cows, 59 (60.8%) were subclinical and 38 (39.2%) were clinical. Among the 258 milk samples, 43 (16.7%) were positive for &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt;. According to the results of the current investigation, subclinical mastitis was significantly more prevalent than clinical mastitis (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The disease was found varied with the lactation stage of the animal, milking with washed hand, udder washing before milking, and tick infestation of the teat. In comparison to animals from farms with lower number of lactating cows, the prevalence of the bacteria was significantly higher in animals managed in farms with large (OR = 12.58, 95% CI = 2.33-68.54, and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and medium (OR = 12.58, 95% CI = 2.33-68.54, and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) population of lactating cows per herd. The isoation rate of the bacterium was also found significantly higher in tick-infested cows (OR = 27.69, 95% CI = 9.71-93.01, and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) than tick free cows. The antibiogram tests revealed that the isolates resisted penicillin G and tetracycline group drugs (oxytetracycline and tetracycline). Moreover, the nuc gene was confirmed to be present in all of the examined isolates. However, they were not found harboring &lt;i&gt;blaZ&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;mecA&lt;/i&gt; genes. We concluded that &lt;i&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt; is sustaining as a main causative agent of bovine mastitis, and they were resistant to the frequently used antibiotics in public and veterinary medicines in the study a","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3142231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10072958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9270231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mosaic <i>TP53</i> Mutation on Tumour Development in Pigs: A Case Study.","authors":"Chommanart Thongkittidilok,&nbsp;Maki Hirata,&nbsp;Qingyi Lin,&nbsp;Nanaka Torigoe,&nbsp;Bin Liu,&nbsp;Yoko Sato,&nbsp;Megumi Nagahara,&nbsp;Fuminori Tanihara,&nbsp;Takeshige Otoi","doi":"10.1155/2023/7000858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7000858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pigs rarely develop cancer; however, tumour protein p53 (<i>TP53</i>)-modified pigs may have an increased incidence of cancer. In this study, two pigs with mosaic mutations induced by gene editing were compared to determine the role of the wild-type <i>TP53</i> sequence in tumorigenesis and to speculate how amino acid changes in TP53 sequences are related to tumorigenesis. The pig without tumours had a wild-type <i>TP53</i> sequence and a 1-bp deletion in the <i>TP53</i> sequence that resulted in a premature stop codon. In contrast, the pig with nephroblastoma had 6- and 7-bp deletions in the <i>TP53</i> sequence, resulting in the absence of two amino acids and a premature stop codon, respectively. Our results indicated that <i>TP53</i> mutations with truncated amino acids may be related to tumour formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"7000858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10442180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10058494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Zoonotic Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasite among Dogs in Suryabinayak, Nepal.","authors":"Punya Ram Sukupayo,&nbsp;Semsal Tamang","doi":"10.1155/2023/3624593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3624593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dogs are popular pets around the world and have always had a very close relationship with humans. Zoonotic gastrointestinal helminth parasites are a great threat to both stray and pet dogs. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of zoonotic gastrointestinal helminths in dogs. 400 samples were collected, including 200 from pet dogs and 200 from stray dogs. The samples from pet dogs were collected from the ground immediately after voiding with the help of the owner, whereas stray dogs were caught by using a dog catcher, and the samples were collected directly from the rectum by using a gloved index finger. All collected samples were examined under a microscope using sedimentation and flotation techniques. The overall prevalence of infection was found to be 59.50%, with a significantly higher prevalence in stray dogs (70%) than that in pet dogs (49%). <i>Ancylostoma</i> spp., <i>Toxocara</i> spp., <i>Trichuris</i> spp., <i>Capillaria</i> spp., <i>Dipylidium caninum</i>, and <i>Taenia/Echinococcus</i> spp. were six different species found in the current study. The study showed the highest prevalence of <i>Ancylostoma</i> spp. (49.16%) and the least prevalence of <i>Capillaria</i> spp. (0.84%). In the age-wise study, puppies had a significantly high infection rate (86.96%). Similarly, we recorded a significantly higher prevalence of intestinal helminths among nondewormed pet dogs (78.65%) than among dewormed pet dogs (25.23%). This study highlights the severe environmental contamination shed by dogs, causing a higher risk of zoonotic transmission. It indicates the urgent need to manage these parasites in dogs and educate the public on how to care for their pets and the parasites they shed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3624593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9971685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Constraints of Artificial Insemination Service in Smallholder Dairy Cattle Keepers in Kacha Bira District of Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Mesfin Mathewos,&nbsp;Habtamu Endale,&nbsp;Mulugeta Tesfahun,&nbsp;Dembelo Tiele,&nbsp;Remedan Bukero","doi":"10.1155/2023/6512010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6512010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial insemination (AI) is among the most effective reproductive biotechnologies that afford widespread propagation of genes carried by superior males. A cross-sectional study followed by a simple random sampling technique was conducted from December 2021 to May 2022 to assess the constraints of artificial insemination (AI) provision in and around Kacha Bira district, Southern Ethiopia, using a structured questionnaire. A total of 200 respondents were surveyed accordingly. In this study, the education level of farmers revealed no statistically significant difference (<i>P</i> > 0.05) with the identification of time of insemination. Conception failure (62.5%), unavailability of artificial insemination technicians (7.5%), dystocia (3.5%), and both conception failure and unavailability of artificial insemination technicians (4.5%) were found to be the major constraints of AI service in the study area according to dairy cattle owners' response and revealed a statistically significant difference (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with AI service. Although statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05), differences in AI service interruptions during both regular working hours and weekends and holidays were also observed. Among total respondents, 20.5% of dairy cattle owners got AI service at right time, but 79.5% of them used it at the wrong time. Regarding inbreeding problems, 77.5% of dairy cattle owners responded that there was no inbreeding problem and the remaining 22.5% of farmers indicated presence of inbreeding problem of which 10.5% and 10% had a perception that local breeds had low milk production and low genetic improvement than exotic breeds, respectively. On the other hand, 11.5% of dairy cattle owners responded that local breeds have a similar level of disease resistance to that of exotic breeds (11%). 48.5% of dairy farmers reported that bellowing is the most frequent sign that they used to detect heat followed by vulval discharge (23%) and mounting on other cows (10%). Majority (78.5%) of the dairy cattle owners interviewed were found to be not satisfied with the artificial insemination services. In general, different AI technicians and cattle and dairy cattle keeper-related factors constrain the AI service and its result in survey site. Therefore, smallholder dairy cattle owners should be trained sufficiently about the AI service strategies, usage, and proper management of dairy farms and the technical constraints should be avoided in order to provide AI service sufficiently.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6512010"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10081891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9336671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining Factors and Zootechnical Output of Biosecurity Practices in Fish Farms in the Wouri Division, Cameroon.","authors":"Fonkwa Georges,&nbsp;Makombu Judith Georgette,&nbsp;Kamdem Alex Henri,&nbsp;Kametieu Djamou Franck,&nbsp;Nack Jacques,&nbsp;Awah-Ndukum Julius,&nbsp;Tomedi Eyango Minette,&nbsp;Tchoumboue Joseph","doi":"10.1155/2023/2504280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2504280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biosecurity practice limits the occurrence of diseases and economic losses in fish farms. The objective of this study was to characterize fish farming in the Administrative Division of Wouri, Cameroon (3°97'04″-3°58'13″N; 9°76'78″-9°46'4.3″E) and assess the biosecurity practices. A cross-sectional biosecurity audit was then conducted in 33 fish farms from March to May 2022. The \"snow ball\" technique, on-farm observations, and face-to-face interviews of farm managers using a semistructured questionnaire were used for data collection. The results showed that most of the fish farmers were between 18 and 40 years of age (63.64%) and not trained in fish farming (60.61%). The lack of finance (57.57%) was the main constraint to the biosecurity practice. The high fish mortality rate (>15%) was recorded in 66% of the farms. Overall, the compliance rate (CR = 40.52 ± 14.70%) and adoption rate (AR = 40.40 ± 30.10%) of biosecurity measures were intermediate. No type <i>C</i> farm or at the minor risk level of contamination was recorded. Farmers of 18 to 40 years of age (45.24 ± 14.75%) who attended higher school (43.83 ± 14.44%) and received training in fish farming (47.44 ± 14.39%) recorded a significant higher CR. The CR and AR were significantly higher for the isolation component (CR = 60.17 ± 19.81%; AR = 60.17 ± 25.68%) followed by traffic control (CR = 53.53 ± 25.87%; AR = 53.53% ± 34.86) and sanitation (CR = 27.70 ± 19.70%; AR = 29.84 ± 26.00%). A strong (<i>R</i> ² = 0.725), positive, and significant (<i>p</i>=0.019) linear relationship was found between the level of education of fish farmers and the biosecurity compliance rate while the health status of fish was weakly (<i>R</i> ² = 0.207), positively, and significantly (<i>p</i>=0.017) influenced by the compliance rate. Fish farming is an income-generating activity that still requires socioeconomic, technical, and institutional efforts for optimal productivity. The Cameroonian government should emphasize on the education, training, and capacity building of farmers on biosecurity practices to minimise the introduction, establishment, and spread of diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2504280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10079380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9326057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}