Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

{"title":"Field Investigation and Molecular Detection of Pigeon Paramyxovirus-1 (PPMV-1) in Domestic Pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>) From Selected Egyptian Governorates.","authors":"Muhammadtaher Abdulrazaq Abdulrasol, Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany, Harith Abdulla Najem","doi":"10.1155/vmi/3626360","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/3626360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (PPMV-1) is a pigeon-host variant of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) associated with neurological, enteric, and respiratory disease in pigeons. This study aimed to investigate the circulation of PPMV-1 among domestic pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>) in some Egyptian governorates through the clinico-pathological picture, isolation, and molecular identification. A total of 39 domestic pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>), aged 3-14 months, were collected between April and September 2025 from live bird markets and private lofts in seven Egyptian governorates. Suspected pigeons were examined for the specific clinical signs and gross postmortem lesions, and then pooled tissue samples were processed for PPMV-1 isolation in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) and detection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Neurological signs, including torticollis, head tremors, and circling, were recorded in more than 60% of cases, alongside greenish diarrhea and conjunctivitis. Gross lesions included brain hemorrhages, enlarged kidneys with petechiae, hepatic congestion, proventricular hemorrhages, and pulmonary congestion. Virus inoculation in ECEs caused embryo mortality within 48-72 h with severe hemorrhages and growth retardation. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of PPMV-1 RNA in 10 out of 39 samples (25.6%) from Cairo, Giza, Qalyubia, Fayoum, Minya, and Alexandria governorates. This study provides field and laboratory evidence of PPMV-1 circulation in Egyptian pigeons and underscores the importance of surveillance and biosecurity to limit virus spread. Further molecular characterization, including sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, is recommended in future studies to better define the evolutionary relationships of the circulating strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3626360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Tuberculosis Lesions in Cattle Slaughtered for Human Consumption at the Slaughterhouses in the City of Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.","authors":"Jean Jacques Nenba Sambo, Maurice Marcel Sandeu, Stéphane Wangba Soungou, Moise Ondua, Elie Adamou Velhima, Victor Ngu Ngwa, Bouba Adji Mohammadou, Abdoulmoumini Mamoudou","doi":"10.1155/vmi/3520761","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/3520761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease of major public health concern, particularly in developing countries such as Cameroon, where control measures are poorly implemented and there is a high risk of human infection. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of bTB lesions in slaughtered cattle and identify the associated risk factors in slaughterhouses in the city of Ngaoundéré.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of <i>tuberculosis</i> lesions in two slaughterhouses between April and October 2024. Tuberculosis lesions were identified during postmortem inspections performed by veterinary inspectors on slaughtered animals, and the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in these lesions was detected using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining. In addition, a structured questionnaire was administered to assess potential risk factors, and their associations with the prevalence of <i>tuberculosis</i> were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1,256 cattle examined, the overall prevalence of bTB was 5.1% (95% CI: 3.88-6.22). Suspicious lesions were detected in 64 carcasses, of which 17.14% were positive for AFB, suggestive of <i>Mycobacterium</i> spp. Regarding the multivariable analysis, only cattle origin remained significantly associated with the outcome, particularly for animals from Touboro (OR = 18.9; 95% CI: 3.3-367.1) and Mbaiboum (OR = 14.9; 95% CI: 2.5-292.2). During the study period, financial losses were estimated based on 302.5 kg of organs condemned due to tuberculosis infection, using prevailing market prices. The total losses were estimated at 541,200 CFA francs. The organs contributing to the highest financial losses were the lungs and carcasses during the study period in the surveyed abattoirs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirmed the presence of <i>tuberculosis</i> in slaughterhouses in Ngaoundéré, with infected cattle originating from various border areas of the town. It also highlighted that the lungs and carcasses were the most frequently affected, resulting in significant financial losses for butchers. These findings raise food safety concerns in Ngaoundéré and indicate a potential risk of zoonotic transmission of the pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3520761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148592854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological Anatomy of the Shoulder, Elbow and Carpal Joints in Southern Giant Pouched Rats (<i>Cricetomys ansorgei</i>).","authors":"Veronica Masawe, Modesta Makungu","doi":"10.1155/vmi/3532418","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/3532418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiography is frequently used for the evaluation of the musculoskeletal system in domestic and wild animal species. The aim of the study was to document the radiological anatomy of the shoulder, elbow and carpal joints and to provide length measurements of selective forelimb bones in southern giant pouched rats. Forelimb radiographs were obtained in seven adult male and female southern giant pouched rats under general anaesthesia. All rats had a well-developed clavicle, coracoid process and acromion. The minor and major tubercles were located further distally relative to the head of the humerus. The medial epicondyle and lateral supracondylar crest were very prominent. The supracondylar foramen was present in all rats. The radius was relatively smaller than the ulna, and the interosseous space was wide. The carpus had eight carpal bones, and two rudimentary digits were visualised on the palmar side of the manus. Additionally, five slender, widely spaced metacarpal bones, were seen with the third metacarpal bone being relatively the longest and the first metacarpal bone being the shortest. Shoulder joint dysplasia was identified in one female southern giant pouched rat. Radiographic examination of the thoracic limb in southern giant pouched rats allowed evaluation of bones forming the shoulder, elbow and carpal joints. Current information will contribute to the understanding of rodent anatomy and will be useful for scientists researching the forelimb of rodents and related species. Additionally, this information will augment the application of radiography and other related diagnostic imaging modalities in rodents and hence will enhance their welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3532418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13393293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological Investigation and Molecular Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus From Apparently Healthy Village Chicken in East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia.","authors":"Dessie Abera, Bezina Arega Emeru, Mezgebu Getnet, Beksisa Urge","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9933937","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/9933937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Newcastle disease (ND) is a notifiable and highly contagious disease causing a significant economic loss in village chicken production. So, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the East Gojjam zone of Ethiopia to determine the status of ND among unvaccinated village chickens. The study sites were selected randomly. However, the chicken owners included were households that had at least four chickens with no prior history of ND vaccination. A total of 314 serum and 76 pooled tracheal and cloacal swab samples were collected from apparently healthy birds. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were conducted for serological and virological tests, respectively. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20 software package. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear mixed models were used for data analysis. The overall seroprevalence rate at the individual chicken level was found to be 93% (292/314 chickens). At the household level, ND was identified in all sampled households, with a minimum of two seropositive chickens found in each household. However, these chickens tested negative for the ND virus by RT-PCR. The seroprevalence rates of the NDV at each study site were 95.0%, 96.0%, and 86.9% for Gozamin, Enemay, and Debre Elias woredas, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) observed among the study sites through descriptive analysis. Chickens from households where ND had occurred showed a significant association with seropositivity (<i>p</i> = 0.023, COR = 2.72). Contact with other flocks was the primary risk factor identified, with chickens that had such contact showing significantly higher odds of ND seropositivity compared to those that did not (<i>p</i> < 0.001, AOR = 5.18). Furthermore, households with access to veterinary service demonstrated significantly higher odds of NDV seropositivity (<i>p</i> = 0.006, AOR = 5.07) in comparison to those without such access. This implies that professional services in the area are utilized reactively in response to disease occurrence rather than as a proactive preventive measure. The findings revealed that the ND virus antibodies in village chicken were very high, indicating that ND is the major disease in the area that can threaten village chicken production. Therefore, programmed immunization is vital in order to prevent the occurrence of the disease. Awareness creation among smallholder farmers on the prevention and control measures for ND is recommended. Additionally, further research focusing on the virus strain identification is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9933937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Small Ruminants in North Shewa, Ethiopia: Implications for Eradication Efforts.","authors":"Enyiew Alemnew Alamerew, Thomas Cherenet, Demeke Sibhatu, Fasil Aklilu, Saddam Mohammed Ibrahim, Firdawok Ayele, Derib Aydefruhim, Asfaw Bisrat, Shenkute Goshme, Yonas Alemayehu, Meron Moges, Melkamu Tadesse, Getachew Hailu, Mastewal Birhan, Anmaw Shite Abat","doi":"10.1155/vmi/3393476","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/3393476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) are a highly contagious viral disease that causes substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in Ethiopian small ruminants. Despite ongoing efforts to eradicate PPR by 2027, 554 outbreaks were reported nationwide between 2018 and 2022. This cross-sectional study, conducted from January to May 2024, estimated the seroprevalence of PPR virus (PPRV) and identified associated risk factors among nonvaccinated small ruminants in six districts of North Shewa zone using competitive ELISA (C-ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 324 serum samples tested, 182 were positive for PPRV antibodies, corresponding to an apparent seroprevalence of 56.17% and a true prevalence of 59.18%. Seroprevalence varied across districts, ranging from 27.78% in Menz-Mama to 92.59% in Menz-Gera. In the multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model, with peasant association (PA) as a random effect, species and district were significantly associated with seropositivity (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Goats had approximately four-fold higher odds of being seropositive than sheep (OR = 4.34; 95% CI: 1.79-12.85; <i>p</i> = 0.002), while animals in Menz-Gera had markedly higher odds compared to those in Menz-Mama (OR = 37.77; 95% CI: 8.99-158.63; <i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant associations were observed for age, sex, body condition score, management system/intervention, or agroecology (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Retrospective analysis indicated that 62 vaccination campaigns were conducted in the zone during the study period, yet 48 PPR outbreaks occurred, resulting in 6415 cases and 951 deaths, corresponding to an overall case fatality rate of 14.82%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PPR appears to remain endemic in North Shewa, with the observed seroprevalence suggesting continued virus circulation, particularly among goats and in high-risk districts. Despite repeated vaccination campaigns, outbreaks continued to occur during the study period. Therefore, strengthening targeted, risk-based vaccination, together with improved surveillance and routine seromonitoring, is recommended to support effective PPR control and eradication efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3393476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preventive Practices for Equine Endoparasite Control Among Livestock Owners in South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Habtamu Alemayehu, Tewodros Alemneh, Zewdu Seyoum, Moges Maru, Abrham Ayele, Mastewal Birhan","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5535645","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/5535645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endoparasites are a major health concern affecting equine productivity and welfare worldwide. Understanding farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward parasite control is critical for designing effective interventions. This study assessed KAP levels among farmers in South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, and identified factors associated with good KAP. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 farmers. KAP scores were initially categorized into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and analyzed using chi-square (<i>χ</i> ²) tests to explore bivariate associations. For logistic regression analyses, KAP outcomes were dichotomized into good and poor categories. Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify independent predictors of good KAP, with <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. The study employed representative sampling across districts, a pretested questionnaire, and comprehensive adjustment using multivariable logistic regression to enhance the reliability of the findings. Among 150 respondents, 120 (80%) were male and 30 (20%) female. The majority were adults (50.7%), followed by young (34.7%) and old (14.7%) age groups. Nearly half of the participants were with no formal education (49.3%), 44% had primary education, and 6.7% had secondary education. Farmers were evenly distributed across three districts (Dera, Fogera, and Libokemkem), and most (<i>n</i> = 123, 82%) lived within 1-10 km of a veterinary facility. Overall, 52.7% of farmers demonstrated good knowledge, 66.7% exhibited a positive attitude, and 91.3% reported good practices toward equine endoparasites. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis using SPSS (v. 27) revealed that, for knowledge, adults (AOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03-0.50) and older farmers (AOR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02-0.55) were less likely to have good knowledge compared to young farmers, whereas educated farmers were substantially more likely to have good knowledge (AOR = 15.8, 95% CI: 3.4-73.8). Regarding attitude, adults (AOR = 0.015, 95% CI: 0.002-0.12) and older farmers (AOR = 0.013, 95% CI: 0.001-0.12) were less likely to have a positive attitude, while education (AOR = 18.5, 95% CI: 5.0-68.0) and residence in Libokemkem district (AOR = 3.80, 95% CI: 1.36-10.57) were positively associated with good attitude. For practice, good practices were more likely among adult farmers (AOR = 54.5, 95% CI: 4.8-620), but less likely among females (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04-0.78) and farmers living > 10 km from veterinary services (AOR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.004-0.95). Age and education were key determinants of farmers' KAP toward equine endoparasite control. Hence, targeted educational interventions focusing on different age and education groups could improve parasite management practices in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5535645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of AD3EC and Ca-P-Mg Supplementation on Oxidative Stress in Postpartum Dairy Cows.","authors":"Ameneh Khoshvaghti, Farhad Boti, Saeed Zahmatkesh, Mohaddeseh Shahriyari","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9584621","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/9584621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In industrial cattle breeding, special attention is paid to the nutrition of dairy cow livestock production while maintaining animal health. Vitamins and trace minerals such as zinc, copper, and manganese are essential for the functioning of many important proteins in the body. The body's antioxidant system plays a critical role in cell health and, consequently, in the health of body tissues and organs. This defense system helps maintain tissue health by protecting cells against free radicals. Oxidative stress has been found to play a role in the occurrence of many diseases, including metabolic and infectious diseases in organisms. This study measured the effect of vitamin and mineral supplements on serum enzyme antioxidant levels and malondialdehyde concentrations in postpartum dairy cows. In this research, 15 cows received a subcutaneous vitamin supplement (AD3EC) on Day 210 of gestation (single dose) and a single subcutaneous dose of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium immediately after calving (as a method to enhance the antioxidant immune system of dairy cows due to antioxidant effects of vitamins and minerals, particularly magnesium). These cows were compared to 15 cows that did not receive any vitamin supplements during the dry period but received only calcium in the form of an oral bolus immediately after calving. Serum enzyme antioxidant levels and malondialdehyde were measured using commercial laboratory kits according to standard methods. The results showed the MDA levels decreased but catalase and TAC levels increased in the group that used vitamin and mineral supplements. However, there was no significant change in other parameters. In conclusion, while the consumption of mineral and vitamin supplements does not significantly alter the mean concentrations of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, it can reduce oxidative stress by improving the other oxidative stress parameters in dairy Holstein cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9584621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre- and Postvaccination Effects on Milk Yield and Quality Among Dairy Farms and Lactating Cows in Mekelle, Ethiopia: An Ambispective Study.","authors":"Tadelech Yilma Sisay, Mastewal Addisu Kitambo, Kidist Derbew Gebru, Mebrahtu Weldegebriel Hailu, Haftom Yirga Tsegay","doi":"10.1155/vmi/2417101","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/2417101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccination plays a critical role in improving animal health and productivity; however, its impact on milk yield and quality under field conditions remains insufficiently quantified in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the pre- and postvaccination effects on milk yield and quality among medium-dairy farms and lactating cows in Mekelle, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ambispective study design was employed, integrating retrospective data (June 2023-May 2024) and prospective observations (October 2024-May 2025). A total of 156 dairy farms were selected using stratified random sampling for the assessment of vaccination status and milk yield. Additionally, 56 lactating cows were selected for milk quality evaluation, with pre- and postvaccination comparisons. Milk composition analysis was conducted on a subset of 40 cows meeting strict inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using R software (version 4.3.3).</p><p><strong>Major findings: </strong>Vaccination coverage reached 78.85% in 2023/24 and 73.08% in 2024/25, mainly against anthrax, blackleg, and lumpy skin disease. Most farmers (80.71%) observed a short-term decline in milk yield postvaccination, while 68.29% reported no long-term yield change. Prior vaccination was a significant predictor of higher yield postvaccination (<i>β</i> = 2.93, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Laboratory results showed significant reductions in bacterial load (<i>p</i> = 0.0019) and significant increases in milk fat (<i>p</i> = 0.0218), protein (<i>p</i> = 0.0123), SNF (<i>p</i> = 0.0056), lactose (<i>p</i> = 0.0023), and ash (<i>p</i> = 0.0088).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cattle vaccination improved milk quality while causing only temporary yield declines. Strengthening regular vaccination programs and farmer awareness could enhance milk safety, nutritional value, and farm profitability, supporting Ethiopia's broader food security and One Health goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2417101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148608003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish Health Management Practices and Disease Occurrence in Pond and Cage Aquaculture Systems in the Pwani, Dar es Salaam, and Mwanza Regions, Tanzania.","authors":"Jestina O Ntaguda, Aviti J Mmochi, Amr A A Gamil, Stephen Mutoloki, Øystein Evensen","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6596164","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/6596164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed fish farms, general fish health management, disease occurrences, and management practices in Tanzania's pond and cage culture systems. Data were collected using semistructured questionnaires from operational farms across three regions (Pwani, Dar es Salaam, and Mwanza). The questionnaire survey assessed farmers' demographic data, general pond management practices, and health management issues, including pond treatment, the use of disinfectants and antibiotics, disease and mortality, fish waste management, and net handling. The results showed that the majority (93.2%) of respondents were male, and 34.1% were aged 40-49 years. Most farmers owned ponds/tanks (69.7%), and the remaining owned cages (30.3%). Tilapia was the most farmed fish species (97.0%), followed by the polyculture of tilapia and catfish. Except for the lake, where all cage farms were located, rivers, springs, wetlands, boreholes, and municipal piped water were other sources of water. All water sources for pond-based farms lacked pretreatment reservoirs. Most fish farms (87/131) had experienced fish diseases and mortalities. Only 20.6% of respondents reported receiving training in fish health and disease management. Most respondents knew that fish could get sick, but training in disease diagnosis was poor. The clinical signs that respondents listed included decreased feed intake, erratic movements, skin ulcers, a distended abdomen, darkened skin, white skin patches, fin rot and scale erosion, stunted growth, and protruding eyes. The survey suggests that training attendance and self-reported diagnostic capacity were limited among farmers in the surveyed regions. Training and capacity building for farmers in disease diagnosis and management are a way forward for enhancing the sustainability and profitability of tilapia farming in Tanzania.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6596164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13377208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoracic and Abdominal Radiologic Anatomy of the Greater Cane Rat (<i>Thryonomys swinderianus</i>).","authors":"Mazengo Masigati, Mirende Kichuki, Modesta Makungu","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5558928","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/5558928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The greater cane rat (<i>Thryonomys swinderianus</i>) is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, including western, central, eastern and southern Africa. It is the African's second-largest rodent. This study was done to describe and establish the normal reference values for radiographic anatomy of the thorax and abdomen in greater cane rats for biomedical and related research, teaching comparative veterinary anatomy and clinical uses. Radiography of the thorax and abdomen was performed under general anaesthesia in ten (10) wild adult greater cane rats. Right lateral (RL), left lateral (LL), dorsoventral (DV) and ventrodorsal (VD) radiographic projections of the thorax were taken. For the abdomen, RL and VD projections were obtained. All greater cane rats had 13 thoracic vertebrae with corresponding pairs of ribs. The number of lumbar vertebrae was mainly six. The sternum consisted of manubrium sterni, xiphoid process and four sternebrae. The anticlinal vertebra was mainly the 11th thoracic vertebra, and the sacrum consisted of four fused sacral vertebrae. Reference ranges for thoracic and abdominal organs/structures were established, such as the tracheal diameter (6.8 mm), angle between the mainstem bronchi (DV: 47.8°; VD: 46.4°), and gastric axis angle (77.6°). Further, ratios like the vertebral heart size (VHS) (RL: 9.70, LL: 9.83, DV: 10.46 and VD: 10.45), caudal vena cava diameter to length of thoracic vertebra above the carina (0.86), tracheal diameter to thoracic inlet diameter (0.32), and cardiothoracic (DV: 0.63, VD: 0.64) were calculated. Measurements of sternebrae, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae are provided. Differences and similarities with other rodents have been highlighted. Information from this research will serve as a reference for routine veterinary clinical procedures and biomedical studies and for teaching veterinary comparative anatomy and diagnostic imaging. Additionally, the use of ratios of absolute measurements of thoracic and abdominal organs/structures to relevant skeletal structures is recommended to overcome intraspecies variability in body size.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5558928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13367225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}