Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

{"title":"Isolation and Molecular Identification of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> from Slaughtered Cattle in Nekemte Municipality Abattoir, Ethiopia.","authors":"Tola Mezgebu Gemeda, Eyob Hirpa Tola, Balako Gumi Donde, Muse Girma Abdela, Hika Waktole Ayana","doi":"10.1155/2023/9911836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9911836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease that can spread from animals to humans as well as from human to human. Little research has been conducted on bovine tuberculosis prevalence and molecular characterization in the western part of Ethiopia. To investigate this, a cross-sectional study was conducted on slaughtered cattle at the Nekemte municipal abattoir between January 2020 and June 2021. A detailed postmortem examination, culture, acid-fast staining technique, molecular characterization using RD4 deletion, and spoligotyping were all carried out. Based on a detailed postmortem examination, the overall prevalence of bovine tuberculosis was 7.8% (80 of 1020). Mycobacterium isolation confirmed only 12.5% (10/80) of the suspected tuberculosis tissue lesions. With acid-fast bacilli staining, all Mycobacterium spp. isolates (<i>n</i> = 10) were positive. However, only 9/10 isolates were confirmed to be <i>M. bovis</i> with RD4 molecular deletion typing. Spoligotyping revealed that 55.6% (5/9) of the isolate patterns had previously been reported, but 44.4% (4/9) of the isolates were new. In the current investigation, it was discovered that 80% (4/5) of the <i>M. bovis</i> strains circulating in the cattle population of study regions were SB2233 (2/5) and SB0134 (2/5), whereas 20% (1/5) of the strains corresponded to SB1176, which is compatible with previously documented <i>M. bovis</i> spoligotypes. These findings suggested that <i>M. bovis</i> was the main cause of bovine tuberculosis in the study area and posed a risk of disease transmission from cattle to humans due to low levels of public health awareness. As such, improved awareness among citizens and the development of control policies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9911836"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10748727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139032610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Farming: A Look Back at Environmental <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Poultry Farms during the Growing and Resting Periods.","authors":"Sukanya Thongratsakul, Patamabhorn Amavisit, Chaithep Poolkhet","doi":"10.1155/2023/8354235","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8354235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the production cycle of poultry farms, pathogens may remain in the next cycle of rearing young chickens. This study was conducted at three industrial chicken farms (A, B, and C) in central Thailand. Results showed that the percentages of <i>E. coli</i> during the resting period in farms A, B, and C were 28.6, 53.8, and 7.8, respectively, and those during the growing period were 45, 68.8, and 75. The most common resistant patterns during the resting period in all farms were AML-AMP-SXT and AML-AMP-DO-SXT, and those during the growing period were AML-AMP and AML-AMP-SXT. The locations of <i>bla</i>_TEM-positive <i>E. coli</i> isolates from the inside houses (inside buildings) of all farms included cloacal swabs, floors, water nipples, pan feeders, and husks, whereas that from the outside environment included boots, wastewater, soil, and water from cooling pads and tanks. Our results indicate that the percentage of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its pattern depend on the husbandry period and the strictness of biosecurity. Moreover, our findings derived from samples gathered from broiler farms between 2013 and 2015 align with those of the current studies, highlighting persistent trends in <i>E. coli</i> resistance to various antimicrobial agents. Therefore, enhancing biosecurity measures throughout both the resting and growing periods is crucial, with a specific focus on managing raw materials, bedding, breeding equipment, and staff hygiene to reduce the transmission of antimicrobial resistance in poultry farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"8354235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10697774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Proportion of <i>Brucella abortus</i> and <i>Brucella melitensis</i> in Sheep and Goat Milk.","authors":"Saeid Rostami, Ehsan Rashidian, Amin Jaydari, Heidar Rahimi","doi":"10.1155/2023/6751152","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6751152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the implementation of brucellosis eradication programs in Iran, this disease is still endemic and highly prevalent among ruminants in this country. The infection of small ruminants with <i>Brucella abortus</i> may play a significant role in the continuation of brucellosis among the herds of ruminants. This study investigated the proportion of <i>B. abortus</i> and <i>Brucella melitensis</i> in 150 samples of sheep and goat's raw milk which were obtained from Lorestan and Hamadan provinces in the western part of Iran using the PCR method. The results revealed that among the <i>Brucella</i> spp. positive samples, 26.5% and 73.4% of the samples were infected with <i>B. abortus</i> and <i>B. melitensis</i>, respectively. The incidence rates of <i>B. abortus</i> among the sheep and goats samples were 6.8% and 12.5%, respectively. There was a significant difference between goats and sheep regarding the proportion of <i>B. abortus</i>. Three samples (2%) (2 goats and one sheep) were simultaneously infected with both <i>B. melitensis</i> and <i>B. abortus</i>. This article renews our knowledge about the causative agent of brucellosis in small ruminants and shows that <i>B. abortus</i> has a relatively high prevalence among those animals in the western regions of Iran, and its role as one of the main factors of abortion among small ruminants should not be ignored. The information provided in the present study is important for the surveillance program, as eradication programs and strategies to prevent the spread of <i>B. abortus</i> among small ruminants that have not been vaccinated against this microorganism may be adapted accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6751152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Treatment of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Characteristics, Limitations, and Challenges of Stem Cell versus ExosomeTherapy.","authors":"Narges Elahi, Jafar Ai, Zohreh Makoolati","doi":"10.1155/2023/5760011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5760011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a complex disorder that can result in varying degrees of infertility. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy and its derivatives, such as exosomes, have been introduced as novel strategies for the treatment of POI. This review discusses the features, limitations, and challenges of MSC and exosome therapy in the treatment of POI and provides readers with new insights for comparing and selecting chemical agents, optimizing doses, and other factors involved in study design and treatment strategies. MSC therapy has been shown to improve ovarian function in some animals with POI, but it can also have side effects such as high cost, time-consuming processes, limited lifespan and cell sources, loss of original characteristics during <i>in vitro</i> proliferation, dependence on specific culture environments, potential immune reactions, unknown therapeutic mechanisms, etc. However, exosome therapy is a newer therapy that has not been studied as extensively as MSC therapy, but that it has shown some promise in animal studies. The evidence for the effectiveness of MSC and exosome therapy is still limited, and more research is needed to determine whether these therapies are effective and safe for women with POI. This study presents a new perspective for researchers to advance their research in the fields of cell-based and cell-free therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5760011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10673665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Feline Coronavirus and FIP: A Compartmental Modeling Approach.","authors":"Ayse Peker Dobie, Alper Bayrakal, Mehmet Erman Or, Ayse Humeyra Bilge","doi":"10.1155/2023/2721907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2721907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The investigation of infectious agents invading human and nonhuman populations represents a rich research domain within the framework of mathematical biology, captivating the interest of scientists across various disciplines. In this work, we examine the endemic equilibrium of feline coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis by using a modified susceptible-infected-susceptible epidemiological model. We incorporate the concept of mutations from FCoV to FIP to enrich our analysis. We establish that the model, when subjected to reasonable parameter ranges, supports an endemic equilibrium wherein the FCoV group dominates. To demonstrate the stability of the equilibria under typical parameters and initial conditions, we employ the model SCF presented by Dobie in 2022 (Dobie, 2022). We ascertain that the equilibrium values reside within the interior domains of stability. Additionally, we displayed perturbed solutions to enhance our understanding. Remarkably, our findings align qualitatively with existing literature, which reports the prevalence of seropositivity to FCoV among stray cats (Tekelioglu et al. 2015, Oğuzoğlu et al. 2010, Pratelli 2008, Arshad et al. 2004).</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2721907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10673673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Validation of MINI-PET as Point-of-Care for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Measure in Horses.","authors":"Carolina Pieroni, Andrea Grassi, Marianna Pantoli, Mirko Berretti, Stefano Messina, Chiara Giovannini, George Lubas, Daniela Diamanti","doi":"10.1155/2023/9965095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9965095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a widely used diagnostic assay in human medicine but nowadays poorly applied in veterinary medicine. This test measures the speed (millimeters per hour) at which red blood cells settle in a whole anticoagulated blood tube. In human medicine, high ESR values are associated with various disorders, including infections, rheumatoid arthritis, oncologic diseases, and other inflammatory conditions. The ESR can also be influenced by some factors such as age and gender. In veterinary medicine, the ESR with the Westergren manual method was almost forgotten over the years due to blood consumption and long turn-around time. The instrument MINI-PET, using a modified Westergren method, does not require blood consumption or release waste product and recently has been applied in canine medicine. The aims of the study in the horse were as follows: to establish the appropriate time to read the ESR with the Westergren reference method; to compare the MINI-PET ESR results with the reference technique; to assess the ESR reference intervals with MINI-PET; and to establish the ESR stability from collection at different time points by MINI-PET. Using 150 horses, we established 60 minutes as the appropriate time for ESR reading with the Westergren method. Moreover, ESR results obtained in 8 minutes with MINI-PET showed a good correlation with the Westergren ESR. Reference intervals (RIs) with MINI-PET were established in mm/h for the healthy horses (geldings 18.6-100.1; stallions, 13.8-55.7; and mares 1-73.7) according to the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines. In addition, the ESR stability from the blood collection time was evaluated in the MINI-PET on 15 horses: at room temperature, ESR is stable up to 8 hours and at 4°C up to 24 hours. In conclusion, MINI-PET represents a rapid and reliable tool for measuring ESR in horses, offering a valid option to replace the traditional manual technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9965095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10665103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four Weeks of Incline Water Treadmill Exercise Can Contribute to Increase Epaxial Muscle Profile in Horses","authors":"Natalie Fair, Scott Blake, Roberta Blake","doi":"10.1155/2023/9090406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9090406","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Water treadmill (WT) exercise is a popular modality for the training and rehabilitation of horses. However, evidence-based literature regarding the use of WT exercise, particularly using inclines, is lacking. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of recurring inclined WT sessions on equine epaxial muscle development. Methods. Six horses completed 24 sessions of 15 minutes of WT activity over four weeks. Horses walked with water at the midcannon level at a treadmill incline of 4%. Back traces were measured at three and seven centimetres ventral to the dorsal midline at T5, T9, T14, and T18, prior to the first session (W0) and weekly for 4 weeks (W1–4). Results. Overall, the back traces demonstrated progressive increases in muscle development ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <mi>p</mi> </math> < 0.05), starting at W2 up to W4. At three centimetres ventral to the dorsal midline, the most to least significant increases in gross muscle development were at T18, T5, T9, and T14, respectively, and when measured at seven centimetres ventrally, the most to least significant increases were demonstrated at T5, T18, and T14. It was noted that increases in thoracic back profile musculature were mainly observed within two to four weeks of the WT intervention. Conclusions. It has been concluded that repeated WT exercise on an inclined setting has a significant effect on the rate and size of growth of equine thoracic back profile musculature. Muscle hypertrophy due to resistance training in the WT starts at 2 weeks within the programme, and it progresses as exercise continues to be performed.","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"154 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome (Extracellular Microvesicles and Exosomes) in Animals’ Musculoskeletal and Neurologic-Related Disorders","authors":"Alefe Luiz Caliani Carrera, Bruno Watanabe Minto, Patrícia Malard, Hilana dos Santos Sena Brunel","doi":"10.1155/2023/8819506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8819506","url":null,"abstract":"The advances in regenerative medicine are very important for the development of medicine and the discovery of stem cells has shown a greater capacity to raise the level of therapeutic quality while their use becomes more accessible, especially in their mesenchymal form. In veterinary medicine, it is not different. The use of those cells, as well as recent advances related to the use of their extracellular vesicles, demonstrates a great opportunity to enhance therapeutic methods and ensure more life quality for patients, which can be in clinical or surgical treatments. Knowing the advances in these modalities and the growing clinical and surgery research and demands for innovations in orthopedic and neurology medicines, this paper aimed to review the literature about the methodologies of use and applications such as the pathways of action and the advances that were postulated for microvesicles and exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in veterinary medicine, especially for musculoskeletal disorders and related injuries.","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135432937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Communication: Correlation of Thermographic Ocular and Auricular Temperatures with Rectal Temperature in Anesthetized Dogs.","authors":"Ayse Basak Kapcak,&nbsp;Elif Dogan","doi":"10.1155/2023/9939580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9939580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of both ocular and auricular thermographic temperatures with rectal temperatures and to determine the advantage of infrared thermography in clinical practice due to its ease of measurement. <i>Animals</i>. This study was designed as a pilot study and conducted on 6 mongrel male dogs during routine castration surgeries at the Kastamonu Municipality Temporary Animal Care Center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rectal temperatures and ocular-auricular thermographic images were taken from 6 dogs anesthetized (xylazine HCl 1 mg/kg and ketamine HCl 15 mg/kg) during routine neutering surgeries. Data were analyzed by Bland-Altman for correlation between rectal-ocular and rectal-auricular temperatures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rectal temperatures were significantly higher than orbital and auricular temperatures. In the correlation test, no significant difference and correlation were found between the measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a result of the study, it was determined that the use of thermography was more advantageous than the waiting times of the digital thermometer used to record rectal temperatures. In addition, the noninvasive nature of thermography increased its acceptability in all dogs. The findings from this pilot study were considered to be at a level that could provide a basis for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9939580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10602701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of <i>Taenia saginata</i> Cysts in Cattle, Human Hospital Cases, and Risk Factors for Human Taeniasis in Kajiado County, Kenya.","authors":"Ruphline M Anyango,&nbsp;Timothy M Wachira,&nbsp;Gerald M Muchemi","doi":"10.1155/2023/7385643","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/7385643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Taenia saginata</i> is a zoonotic tapeworm that causes diseases in cattle and humans. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between June and July 2021 in Kajiado County, Kenya, to estimate the seroprevalence of <i>Taenia saginata</i> cysts in cattle presented for slaughter in Kitengela, Kiserian, and Keekonyokie slaughterhouses; determine the annual hospital reported cases of <i>T. saginata</i> in humans that visited all level 4 hospitals in Kajiado County between 2015 and 2021; and assess the risk factors for <i>Taenia saginata</i> in humans. Analyzed data in this study revealed that the seroprevalence of <i>Taenia saginata</i> cysts in cattle in the selected slaughterhouses was 2.67% (4/150). The meat inspectors recorded no cysts during the study period, confirming that antibody ELISA is three times as sensitive as meat inspection. Data from hospital records showed that a total of 1,487,687 patients visited different facilities in Kajiado County between 2015 and 2021. During the same period, 29 patients were diagnosed with human taeniasis. From the risk factors assessed, uninspected home slaughter (75%), consumption of raw/improperly cooked beef (100%), and open defecation by herders (11%) still pose a risk to humans getting infected by <i>Taenia saginata</i>, while the presence and use of latrines (89%) and availability, accessibility, and use of taenicides (89%) seem to have significantly contributed to the reduction of <i>Taenia saginata</i> prevalence in this region. It is recommended that control of the infection should be centered towards continuous focused education coupled with regular deworming of the herders and school going children. This will gradually result in behavior and culture change that will ultimately reduce the prevalence and lead to the elimination of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2023 ","pages":"7385643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10599870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54231215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}