Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

{"title":"Antiviral Activity of Nitazoxanide and Miltefosine Against FeHV-1 In Vitro.","authors":"Consiglia Longobardi, Gianmarco Ferrara, Sara Damiano, Salvatore Florio, Giuseppe Iovane, Ugo Pagnini, Serena Montagnaro, Roberto Ciarcia","doi":"10.1155/2024/8849561","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8849561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FeHV-1) is a primary pathogen in cats responsible for respiratory and ocular signs. There are presently no antiviral drugs that are officially licensed for veterinary use in several countries. Consequently, veterinarians must depend on off-label antivirals designed for human use. Recent advances in virus-host cell interaction have resulted in new insights into FeHV-1 replication, establishing the importance of the PI3K/Akt axis. The aim of this study was to employ this new information to assess the efficacy of two compounds whose activities involve this pathway. The antiviral properties of miltefosine and nitazoxanide were examined using seven different concentrations, evaluating cell viability and viral titers after 24 h of infection. Furthermore, selected concentrations were supplied at different time points to investigate the influence of the timing of the addition. The best results were obtained when the drugs were added both before and after viral adsorption (in particular for nitazoxanide). Each compound was further investigated by real-time PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Nitazoxanide was the most effective treatment, reducing the expression of viral glycoproteins as measured by western blot and immunofluorescence, as well as reducing the release of virions in the supernatant (measured by real-time PCR). Moreover, treatment with nitazoxanide and miltefosine was associated with a decrease in Akt phosphorylation. This work emphasized the significance of comprehending the pathways necessary for viral replication and their use in the assessment of novel and effective antivirals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8849561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of <i>E. coli</i> Isolated From Pooled Samples of Sick, Farm, and Market Chickens in Nairobi County, Kenya.","authors":"Tino A Deng, Lilly C Bebora, Mahacla O Odongo, Gerald M Muchemi, Samuel Karuki, Peter K Gathumi","doi":"10.1155/2024/9921963","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9921963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to both human and animal health. This is mainly because the same antimicrobial molecules are used for the treatment and prophylaxis of bacterial diseases in both cases, and about 60% of human pathogens are shared with animals. For effective control of AMR in any country, the current situation has to be established; this is done through surveillance exercises. In Kenya, there is scanty data on the prevailing AMR situation, especially in animals. This paper reports on AMR profiles of 54 <i>E. coli</i> strains isolated from chickens in a cross-sectional study, out of which 36/54 (72%) were from clinically ill chickens, 11/54 (22%) were from farm chickens, and 7/54 (9.7%) were from slaughtered chicken, respectively. All 54 isolates exhibited varying antimicrobial resistance profiles with the majority showing resistance to Ampicillin (85.22%), Tetracycline (66.7%), Co-trimoxazole (57.4%), and Streptomycin (40.7%). Very few isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin and Gentamicin (each at 3.7%), Ampicillin (11.1%), and Nalidixic acid (24.1%). A total of 44/54 (81.5%) showed multiple resistance to up to 6 antimicrobial agents. This information will augment current data on the AMR status of bacteria harbored by chickens in Kenya. It will also inform policymakers in their fight against AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9921963"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> Leaf Extract on Healing of Experimentally Induced Wounds in Rabbits.","authors":"Omar Tariq Hammoodi, Majid A Alkhilani, Wissam Abdullah Alhayani, Waleed Al-Nuaimy, Ali A Tala'a","doi":"10.1155/2024/2889480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2889480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound or injury can be defined as partial or complete separation of the skin, while the healing of the wounds is defined as the sequences of processes by which the skin heals and returns to its normal appearance. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> leaf extracts on the healing of open wounds in rabbits. Twenty-four healthy rabbits were used, divided randomly into control and treated groups, each consisting of 12 rabbits. The rabbits were caused to experience circular wound defects (2.5 cm) in diameter. All animals in the control (C) group were left without treatment while those in the <i>Laurus nobilis</i> leaf extract group were treated with drops of the aqueous extract of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> in a dose of 200 mg/kg per day for 20 days. The results of macroscopic observation revealed that all animals in both groups showed equitable viability and good appetite, no mortality occurred, and no signs of infection. In the group with the <i>Laurus nobilis</i> extract, we noticed a significant improvement in wound-healing activity and a reduction in the wound area at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05 compared with the C group. Histopathological results at the end of the study show that the thick epidermal layer covers a mass of granulation with congested blood vessels and the dermis transforms into a denser layer gradually due to the improvements of the cellularity in the C group and also revealed a well-formed skin appearance, widespread of collagen, and fibrosis within the dermis with an appearance near the normal dermis in the group treated with <i>Laurus nobilis</i> leaf extract. In conclusion, the results confirmed that using <i>Laurus nobilis</i> methanolic extract solution in a daily dose of 200 mg/kg promotes healing of open wounds in rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2889480"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic Assessment via Echocardiography During Propofol Anesthetic Induction in Healthy Dogs.","authors":"Thais Cabral de Oliveira, Guilherme Andraus Bispo, Laura Beatriz de Socorro Poleto, Francisco Dantas de Maio Martinez, Max Túlio Rocha de Souza, Lais Calazans Menescal Linhares, Marilda Onghero Taffarel, Wagner Luís Ferreira, E Paulo Sérgio Patto Dos Santos","doi":"10.1155/2024/5541917","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5541917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic administered as a bolus or continuous infusion during anesthetic induction and maintenance. Its pharmacokinetic characteristics include hepatic and extrahepatic metabolism with a rapid onset of action and short duration, which provides a smooth anesthetic induction without excitatory effects. <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate whether the isolated use of propofol in anesthetic induction in dogs changes the hemodynamic variables assessed via echocardiography. <b>Study Design:</b> Prospective clinical study. <b>Animals:</b> Twelve healthy dogs. <b>Methods:</b> The dogs were induced with propofol (dose/effect) at 3 mg/kg/minute, and echocardiographic evaluations were performed immediately before anesthetic induction (MB) and immediately after its interruption (MI), at the end of the supply of the anesthetic agent. <b>Results:</b> A significant reduction was observed between the values of the following hemodynamic variables: Ejection Fraction (EF%), which varied from 70% to 65% (<i>p</i>=0.011) between moments, and the Doppler Ejection Index (DEI), which ranged from 27.1 mL/beat/m² to 22.4 mL/beat/m² (<i>p</i>=0.044). The heart rate (HR) and the other studied hemodynamic variables showed no significant differences between the evaluated moments. <b>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:</b> Propofol was a safe anesthetic-inducing agent, maintaining stable hemodynamic indices during anesthetic induction at the used rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5541917"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection of Equine Herpesviruses from Field Outbreaks in Donkeys in Northwest Amhara Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Anmut Worku, Wassie Molla, Ambaye Kenubih, Haileleul Negussie, Bemrew Admassu, Mebrat Ejo, Gashaw Getaneh Dagnaw, Abebe Belete Bitew, Tewodros Fentahun, Kalkidan Getnet, Haileyesus Dejene, Kassahun Berrie, Saddam Mohammed Ibrahim, Abebe Tesfaye Gessese, Bereket Dessalegn, Mastewal Birhan, Melkie Dagnaw Fenta, Mebrie Zemene Kinde","doi":"10.1155/2024/9928835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9928835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine herpesviruses pose a threat to equine health and potentially cause substantial economic losses to the global equine industry. EHV outbreaks have been reported in various parts of Ethiopia and the Amhara region specifically. This study aimed to detect EHVs from suspected outbreak cases in selected districts of the Northwest Amhara region. A cross-sectional study was performed from January 2022 to July 2022 to detect EHVs from suspected outbreak cases. Clinical observation was conducted for the presumptive identification of equine herpesvirus infection, and nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected for molecular detection of the viruses for confirmation. Out of 463 donkeys observed, 23 donkeys showed clinical signs suggestive of equine herpesvirus infection. Samples from 10 suspected donkeys were further subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, amplifying ORF30 for EHV-1 and gB for EHV-2 and EHV-5. Among the 10 donkeys tested, seven (<i>n</i> = 7) were positive for EHV-5. All ten (<i>n</i> = 10) tested donkeys were negative for EHV-1 and EHV-2. EHV-5 was detected in animals with nervous signs, respiratory signs, a combination of nervous and respiratory signs, and a combination of abortion, respiratory, and nervous signs. Generally, only EHV-5 was identified from the outbreak, and more detailed epidemiological/molecular studies should be performed to better understand its dynamics and inform preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9928835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Record of an Aggressive Form of Ocular Tumour Enhanced by Marek's Disease Virus Infection in Layer Flock in Al-Najaf, Iraq.","authors":"Aoula Al-Zebeeby, Ali Hadi Abbas, Haider Abas Alsaegh, Furkan Sabbar Alaraji","doi":"10.1155/2024/1793189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1793189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marek's disease (MD) is a highly infectious poultry illness with a tendency to form tumours in peripheral nerves and internal organs of affected birds. Tumours accompany MD, mostly caused by oncogenic Gallid alpha herpesvirus 2 (MD Herpes virus serotype I). Studies on avian tumours associated with MD infection are limited in Iraq. In the presented study, the positive samples of ocular tumour were 168 out of 282 MD positive samples, which accomplished in farm suffered from an unexpectedly high mortality rate. We investigated a rapidly developed tumour mass that was observed in an MD-vaccinated layer flock that showed obvious clinical signs of MD, accompanied by forming a small lump in one eye at age 21 weeks, which developed to a big lump at week 28 of age, leading to death. The diagnosis MD infection was confirmed by a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of a specific region of the target gene <i>meq</i> of the causative agent, followed by Sanger sequencing and BLASTn search of the sequence against the NCBI nucleic acid database, resulted in Gallid alpha herpes virus 2 strain, and according to the phylogenetic analysis, the sequence from this study was uniquely clustered in its own branch in the tree. Histopathological examination of the ocular tumour core revealed aggregation of neoplastic cells and haemorrhage that replaced the normal eye tissue, as well as early tumour formation in internal organs such as the lung and liver. In addition, abnormal lesions are susceptible to tumours in the gizzard and spleen. To our knowledge, this is the first record of an aggressive MD virus infection-mediated ocular tumour in a layer flock in Al-Najaf province, Iraq.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1793189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Extended-Spectrum <i>β</i>-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in Retail Cattle Meat.","authors":"Nasrin Akter Liza, Hemayet Hossain, Md Shahidur Rahman Chowdhury, Jarin Al Naser, Rayhan Mahmud Lasker, Asikur Rahman, Md Ariful Haque, Md Al Mamun, Md Mukter Hossain, Md Mahfujur Rahman","doi":"10.1155/2024/3952504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3952504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamases (ESBLs) can result in severe human infections, contributing to the development of complex diseases. <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is one of the ESBL-producing pathogens that helps to set antimicrobial resistance as a major public health problem worldwide. The current study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize ESBL-producing <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and their antimicrobial resistance pattern in retail cattle meat samples. A comprehensive set of 225 cattle meat samples was gathered from 13 upazilas within the Sylhet district of Bangladesh. The bacterial isolates were obtained through biochemical and cultural techniques, and the identification of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> was accomplished using polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Antimicrobial susceptibilities were assessed using disk diffusion in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2020) guidelines. Genes encoding ESBL enzymes were detected by the double-disk synergy test (DDST) and multiplex PCR. The overall prevalence of <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. was 28.89% (65/225), whereas the positive percentage of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> was 59.2% (29/49) confirmed by PCR. Antimicrobial resistance was observed against 12 antibiotics. According to the phenotypic resistance pattern determined through the disk diffusion method, all isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and colistin. On the other hand, the highest susceptibility was observed towards gentamicin (97.95%), followed by ciprofloxacin (85.71%), tetracycline (83.67%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (81.63%). Out of the total <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates analyzed, ESBL genes were present, and the highest percentage, 82.8% (24/29), tested positive for <i>bla</i> _TEM genes. Interestingly, among the nine ESBL genes, six were identified in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates, except for <i>bla</i> _OXA, <i>bla</i> _CTX-M-grp2, and <i>MultiCase</i> _DHA. The study's results reveal the presence of extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase (ESBL)-producing multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>K. pneumoniae</i> in retail cattle meat samples posing a substantial public health threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3952504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound of the Lacrimal Gland in Healthy Shih Tzu Dogs and with Dry Eye Disease.","authors":"Carla Amorim Neves, Wanessa Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva, Andre Ribeiro Fayad, Beatriz Zanon Ignácio, Aline Maria Vasconcelos Lima, Naida Cristina Borges","doi":"10.1155/2024/8516724","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8516724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dry eye disease (DED) is a very common disease in dogs, especially that of immune-mediated origin, with Shih Tzu dogs being some of the most affected. In this study, ultrasound changes of the orbital lacrimal gland (LG) were described in healthy Shih Tzu dogs and those diagnosed with different intensities of DED. For training purposes, a macroscopic and ultrasonographic study of the orbits of brachycephalic dog cadavers (<i>n</i> = 6) was conducted. Subsequently, thirty-five eyes from 23 male and female dogs aged between two and eight years, distributed into four groups according to the Schirmer tear test (STT-1), including a control group (CG, <i>n</i> = 10) (STT-1 ≥15 mm/min), early DED group (DED1, <i>n</i> = 8) (STT-1 between 14 and 11 mm/min), moderate DED group (DED2, <i>n</i> = 7) (STT-1 between 10 and 6 mm/min), and severe DED group (DED3, <i>n</i> = 10) (STT-1 ≤5 mm/min), were used. Ultrasound evaluation of LG showed a higher occurrence of glandular tissue heterogeneity (<i>p</i>=0.755) and the presence of hyperechoic areas (<i>p</i>=0.027) in dogs with DED3. The variables measuring the major axis were lower in dogs with DED3 (<i>p</i>=0.002). The area and perimeter were smaller in dogs with DED3 than in CG and DED1 groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and the perimeter of the LG of dogs in the DED2 group was smaller than that of CG (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The LG major axis (<i>r</i> = 0.56), area (<i>r</i> = 0.66), and perimeter (<i>r</i> = 0.66) decreased as the STT-1 of the different groups decreased. LG ultrasound of Shih Tzu dogs is a feasible technique that allows the evaluation of characteristics of the glandular tissue. The ultrasound could identify changes in texture, echogenicity, and size in LG of Shih Tzu dogs with immune-mediated DED.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8516724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11419838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections among Meat Goats in Khon Kaen Thailand.","authors":"Sarinya Rerkyusuke, Sawarin Lerk-U-Suke, Raktham Mektrirat, Anuwat Wiratsudakul, Prapan Kanjampa, Saikam Chaimongkol, Nattaya Phanmanee, Miranda Visuddhangkoon, Panicha Pattayawongdecha, Nanticha Piyapattanakon, Pongpatchara Krajaipan, Pitchapa Sutamwirat","doi":"10.1155/2024/3267028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3267028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the epidemiology of gastrointestinal (GI) parasite infections among 42 meat goat herds in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand, based on 913 fecal samples. The predominant parasites identified in the herd were strongyle (100.0%, 42/42), <i>Trichuris</i> spp. (73.8%, 31/42), <i>Eimeria</i> spp. (66.7%, 28/42), <i>Moniezia</i> spp. (64.3%, 27/42), <i>Strongyloides</i> spp. (38.1%, 16/42), and <i>Paramphistomum</i> spp. (7.1%, 3/42). Coinfection with at least two GI parasites was observed in 90.4% of the herds. Molecular analysis confirmed <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> and <i>Trichostrongylus</i> spp. as the strongyle species. The study explored parasite prevalence among animals, finding significant correlations with season, sex, age, and breed. Notably, the wet season showed increased strongyle and <i>Eimeria</i> spp. infections. Female animals had higher odds of strongyle infection, while younger animals (less than 1 year) were more susceptible. Conversely, animals aged over 1 year were more likely to be positive for <i>Trichuris</i> spp., <i>Moniezia</i> spp., and <i>Eimeria</i> spp. infections. Female animals exhibited poor body condition scores (BCS) and anemia, as indicated by the FAMACHA score and packed cell volume (PCV) levels. Correlations between age, clinical signs, hematological parameters, biochemistry, and GI parasite burdens were investigated, revealing significant associations. These findings emphasize the need for tailored intervention strategies considering seasonal variations, age, and sex differences for effective GI parasite control in meat goats. Prioritizing animals exhibiting poor BCS and elevated FAMACHA score is imperative to mitigate the deleterious impacts of GI parasitic infections on health and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3267028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11387081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Co-Circulation of Rift Valley Fever Virus and West Nile Fever Virus in Livestock Population of Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia.","authors":"Jemberu Alemu Megenas, Mengistu Legesse Dadi, Tesfu Kassa Mekonnen, James W Larrick, Gezahegne Mamo Kassa","doi":"10.1155/2024/8249077","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8249077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The distribution, epidemiology, and socioeconomic impact of Rift Valley fever (RVF) and West Nile (WN) viruses are poorly known in areas of sub-Saharan countries like Ethiopian pastoral region. The human and livestock density in the area has increased greatly in recent years, but little work has been done on arboviral diseases and their potential impact on human and livestock health. The aim of this study was to detect the circulation of zoonotic arboviruses such as Rift Valley fever virus and West Nile viruses in the livestock population and to estimate seroprevalence in Afar pastoral area northeast Ethiopia. Cross-sectional serological survey was carried out in 736 serum samples from which cattle (224), camel (155), goats (121), sheep (144), and donkeys (92) were tested for the presence of anti-RVFV and anti-WNV IgG using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) in two purposively selected districts of the Afar region. The present study revealed a 9.1% (95% CI = 8.86-9.29) seroprevalence of co-circulation of RVF and WNV. High 32/155 (20.7%) seroprevalence of co-circulation was seen in camels, followed by goat 14/121 (11.6%), cattle 16/224 (7.14%), and sheep 5/144 (3.5%), respectively, and higher 41/421 (9.7%) seroprevalence of co-circulation was observed in <i>Amibara</i> district than <i>Haruka</i> district. Camels were seven times (OR: 7.016, 95% CI = 2.639-18.653) more likely to be seropositive for the co-circulation than sheep (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). Livestock herds found in <i>Amibara</i> district were 1.2 times (OR: 1.165, 95% CI = 0.680-1.996) more likely to be seropositive for RVFV infection than those in <i>Haruka</i> areas. Given the co-occurrence of RVFV and WNV circulations, along with often suboptimal human and animal health surveillance in many similar areas' attention should be given. Investigation of the potential socioeconomic and health impacts of zoonotic arbovirus infections in such areas is crucial. Since both RVFV and WNFV are transmitted through a mosquito vector, avoiding mosquito bites is the primary method of prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8249077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}