Veterinary Medicine International最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of the Public's Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Rabies in the Republic of Guinea.","authors":"Noumouké Kante, Abdoulaye Kuan Traore, Lanceï Kaba, Almamy Ousmane Deen Camara, Yacouba Konate, Cathérine Beimy, Pathé Navabb Kowane, Pépé Koly Guilavogui, Michel Alexis Sagno, Moussa Camara, Karim Tuo, Mohamed Magassouba, Kouramoudou Berete, Mohamed Idriss Doumbouya, Pépé Gbamou, Sayon Yombouno, Fassou Kourouma, Madou Sanou, Nafissatou Ouedraogo, Noël Tordo, Nicolas Barro","doi":"10.1155/vmi/2932607","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/2932607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabies remains a major public health problem in resource-limited countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the population regarding rabies in the Republic of Guinea. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2733 participants in five regions (Boké, Kindia, Labé, Siguiri, and N'Zérékoré). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered via KoboCollect and then analyzed using DATAtab and R software. Descriptive analyses, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify associated factors. In total, 66% of respondents had heard of rabies, but significant gaps were observed regarding modes of transmission and prevention measures. Dog bites were identified as the primary mode of transmission by 37.87% of participants. Canine vaccination was recognized as a preventive measure by 45.01% of respondents. Attitudes were predominantly poor (88.84% scored below the predefined 70% acceptability threshold, i.e., \"low/unfavorable attitude,\" versus 10.79% moderate and 0.37% good), and 73.80% of participants exhibited inappropriate practices (versus 8.05% average and 18.15% good). Overall, 53.1% of respondents had a low level of knowledge, 29.3% an average level, and 17.6% a good level. A statistically significant association was observed between knowledge level and postexposure practices (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In a first multivariable logistic regression model (dependent variable: acceptable attitude, yes/no), educational level, age, and occupation were significantly associated with attitudes. In a second, separate multivariable model (dependent variable: dog bite, yes/no), none of the variables examined were significantly associated with dog bites, except age ≥ 50 years (adjusted OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.20-3.25; <i>p</i> = 0.006). These results highlight significant gaps in knowledge and practices related to rabies in Guinea. Strengthening targeted awareness campaigns, improving access to postexposure prophylaxis, and promoting canine vaccination are essential to reducing the burden of rabies. Because this study did not include animal, environmental, or surveillance data, an integrated \"One Health\" approach is recommended here as a forward-looking direction for future multisectoral intervention, rather than a conclusion directly supported by the present findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2932607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Sectional Survey of Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Poultry Feeds and Feed Ingredients From Bogor and Bekasi Regencies, West Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Raphaella Widiastuti, Romsyah Maryam, Yessy Anastasia, Prima Mei Widiyanti, Rini Damayanti, Yulvian Sani, Eny Martindah, Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani","doi":"10.1155/vmi/1687482","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/1687482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent metabolite produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>A. parasiticus</i>, poses risks to poultry production and public health. This study assessed AFB1 contamination in poultry feeds and feed ingredients collected from Bogor and Bekasi Regencies, West Java, Indonesia. The feeds were categorized across growth phases, feed forms, and sampling points. A total of 86 feed samples (37 layer feeds from Bogor Regency and 49 broiler feeds from Bekasi Regency) and 63 feed ingredients (50 corn and 13 rice bran) were analyzed using an in-house direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dc-ELISA). The method demonstrated high specificity (AFB1: 100%, cross-reactivity with other aflatoxins: < 4%), strong linearity (<i>R</i> ² = 0.9951 for standards; 0.9615 for spiked samples), satisfactory sensitivity (LOD: 0.45 μg/kg and LOQ: 0.77 μg/kg), and good accuracy and precision (recovery: 91.90 ± 0.81%, repeatability RSD: 1.13%). Moisture content was 11.74% in layer feeds and 9.13% in broiler feeds. AFB1 levels ranged from 0.78 to 15.45 μg/kg (median 7.00 μg/kg; IQR 4.13-9.78) in broiler feeds and 1.00-11.78 μg/kg (median 3.25 μg/kg; IQR 2.17-4.56) in layer feeds, with most values below 10 μg/kg. AFB1 contamination was nearly universal in poultry feeds (96.51%). In feed ingredients, AFB1 was detected in 78.00% of corn and 76.92% of rice bran samples, with prevalence ranging from 50.00% to 100.00% between years and commodities. The median AFB1 concentration in corn increased markedly to 126.09 μg/kg in 2024 compared to 2023. No statistically significant differences were observed across growth phases, feed forms, or sampling points [<i>p</i> > 0.05]. These findings highlight the importance of routine monitoring and targeted control of feed ingredients to sustain feed safety and protect public health in tropical regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1687482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Welfare in Colombian Poultry Industry: Exploring Veterinarians' Perceptions, Attitudes, Knowledge, Barriers, and Professional Profiles.","authors":"Laura García-Naranjo, Marlyn H Romero","doi":"10.1155/vmi/3976972","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/3976972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal welfare (AW) in Colombian commercial poultry farming represents a growing challenge in which veterinarians and animal scientists play a strategic role as agents of technical transfer between the regulatory framework and production practices. This study aimed to characterize the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding AW; identify the main barriers, limitations, and opportunities for improvement perceived by professionals involved in Colombian commercial poultry farming; and construct professional profiles that synthesize the heterogeneity of these dimensions. A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured online survey administered to 106 professionals. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward's method. The results revealed predominantly favorable attitudes toward AW and a strong recognition of its productive implications, although gaps were found in the conceptual understanding of the construct and a lack of awareness of specific regulatory aspects. The main perceived barriers were producers' lack of economic motivation, resistance to change, and beliefs about decreased productivity. Four statistically distinct professional profiles were identified: technical welfare leaders (25.5%), convinced by structural barriers (34.9%), professionals with relational barriers (15.1%), and results-oriented pragmatists (24.5%). The similarity in knowledge, attitude, and perception scores among profiles indicates that professional heterogeneity is primarily determined by the perception of barriers and opportunities, rather than by the level of knowledge. These findings suggest relevant areas for further investigation and may help inform the development of future intervention strategies for the implementation of AW standards in the Colombian poultry sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3976972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Respiratory Tract-Associated Nematodes in Moroccan Dogs: Focus on <i>Eucoleus boehmi</i>.","authors":"Houda Idrissi, Sarah ElHamiani Khatat, Luc Duchateau, Sylvie Daminet, Noureddine Tazi, Issam Fettach, Malika Kachani, Hamid Sahibi","doi":"10.1155/vmi/7573637","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/7573637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dogs can harbor a range of respiratory tract helminths which can cause clinical signs varying from asymptomatic to serious diseases. Lately, these parasites, notably <i>Eucoleus</i> spp. and <i>Angiostrongylus vasorum</i>, received considerable attention because of their spread in previously nonendemic regions, likely facilitated by several factors such as increased animal movements changes in the distribution and urbanization of wild canid reservoirs, along with climatic and environmental changes. This study aimed to assess the presence and dissemination of these helminths by investigating, for the first time in Morocco, the seroprevalence of <i>A. vasorum</i> and the fecal occurrence of <i>Eucoleus</i> spp. eggs in dogs. Overall, 318 fecal samples collected from dogs across different geographical areas of Morocco were examined using two fecal flotation techniques, centrifugal flotation with 33% zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) and simple flotation with Sheather's sugar solution. Additionally, <i>A. vasorum</i> antigen detection was performed on 286 blood samples using an in-clinic serological test (Angio Detect Test, IDEXX Laboratories). A complete blood count was subsequently performed in dogs that tested positive. Results revealed the occurrence of <i>Eucoleus boehmi</i> eggs in three military working dogs (0.94%), with two being asymptomatic and one showing a mucous nasal discharge. All had mild to moderate eosinophilia (1.33-3.18 K/μL). With regard to the serological assays, all dogs tested negative for <i>A. vasorum</i> antigens. These preliminary findings provide initial evidence of the geographic spread of <i>E. boehmi</i>, suggesting that veterinarians in Morocco should include this infection in the differential diagnosis of dogs displaying upper respiratory tract symptoms. By contrast, despite the absence of dogs seropositive to <i>A. vasorum</i>, the disease cannot be excluded until a better understanding of its distribution is established. Hence, further studies involving larger canine populations across different regions and combining multiple diagnostic methods, including advanced molecular techniques, are highly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7573637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13639382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> Infection Among Owned Dogs in Kilosa District, Morogoro Region, Tanzania: A Copro-Antigen ELISA and PCR Analysis.","authors":"Veronica Emanuel Masawe, Tequeiro Okumu Abuom, Sharon Nthenya Mbindyo, Esron Daniel Karimuribo","doi":"10.1155/vmi/5116208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/5116208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Echinococcus</i> is a taeniid cestode of public health concern with a cosmopolitan distribution that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Cystic echinococcosis caused by <i>E. granulosus</i> is among the neglected zoonotic tropical diseases highlighted by the World Health Organization, aiming to diminish the disease burden by 2030. Dogs are the definitive hosts of <i>E. granulosus</i> and play a key role in maintaining transmission cycles. Current data on the epidemiology of <i>E. granulosus</i> infection in dogs are limited in Tanzania, particularly in the Kilosa District. We conducted a cross-sectional study between October and December 2025 involving 204 owned dogs in six wards of the Kilosa District. We collected dog fecal samples into a clean Falcon tube (15 mL) and analyzed them by screening with copro-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed them by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequencing and BLAST search in GenBank. The overall copro-prevalence of canine infection was 8.8% (18/204; 95% CI = 5.6-13.6) based on the copro-antigen ELISA. Further PCR analysis of the 18 ELISA-positive samples yielded a copro-PCR prevalence of 16.7% (3/18; 95% CI = 5.8-39.2). Sequencing and BLAST analysis revealed a complete sequence match with <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> clone JKL.4 repeat region (Accession number: KR347168.1) from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Only deworming status was a significant predictor of canine infection, with dewormed dogs being 0.321 times (95% CI: 0.114-0.909; <i>p</i> = 0.03) less likely to have an infection than undewormed dogs. This is the first report of the presence of <i>E. granulosus</i> infection among owned dogs in the Kilosa District. There is a need for the One Health approach in controlling the disease and educating the public on proper protective measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5116208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Small Ruminant and Pig Farmers Regarding Tsetse Flies and Animal African Trypanosomosis in Southern Benin.","authors":"Zul-Kifl Affolabi, Razaki A Ossè, Minassou Juvénal Ahouandjinou, Prudenciène A Agboho, Koffi Djigbodi Koumodji, Steve Zinsou Hougbe, Côme Zinsou Koukpo, Ehouzou Olivier Oussou, Arsène Jacques Fassinou, Casimir Kpanou, Filémon Tokponnon, Germain Gil Padonou, Martin Akogbeto","doi":"10.1155/vmi/8578242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/8578242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Animal African trypanosomosis (AAT) remains a major constraint to livestock production across sub-Saharan Africa despite ongoing control efforts. Although several studies have assessed farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding AAT in cattle production systems, little is known about small ruminant and pig farmers, particularly in Benin. This study assessed farmers' KAP regarding tsetse flies and AAT and identified the sociodemographic factors associated with disease awareness in southern Benin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between September and December 2024 among 384 randomly selected goat, sheep, and pig farmers from six communes in southern Benin. Data were collected using a structured, pretested questionnaire administered through the KoboCollect platform. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize respondents' characteristics and KAP outcomes. Associations between sociodemographic variables and knowledge were assessed using chi-square tests, while multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of knowledge. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 384 respondents, 62.24% were men, 45.57% were aged 41-50 years, and 56.77% had no formal education. Although most farmers (83.59%) correctly recognized tsetse flies, only 16.93% identified them as vectors of animal trypanosomosis, and 81.3% had never heard of the disease. Knowledge was significantly associated with sex (<i>χ</i> ² = 74.527; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), age (<i>χ</i> ² = 299.04; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), marital status (<i>χ</i> ² = 873.37; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), educational level (<i>χ</i> ² = 219.96; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), and occupation (<i>χ</i> ² = 214.23; <i>p</i> < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, secondary and higher education, male sex, and agricultural occupations remained significant predictors of knowledge. While insecticides were perceived as the most effective control method (44.53%), only 14.1% of respondents reported using them, and two-thirds implemented no specific vector control measures. Trypanocides were used by only 11.5% of farmers, whereas reliance on traditional plant-based practices remained uncommon (2.86%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Small ruminant and pig farmers in southern Benin generally recognize tsetse flies but have limited knowledge of their role in AAT transmission and report low adoption of effective prevention and control measures. These findings highlight the need for targeted awareness campaigns, strengthened veterinary extension services, and integrated One Health approaches to improve AAT prevention and sustainable livestock production in Benin.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8578242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13628160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, Ultrastructural, and Histopathological Characterization of Natural <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> Infestation in Sheep Skin From Kerbala Province, Iraq.","authors":"Rana A Jawad, Zahraa K Shakir, Fatema Ali Al-Kafhage, Ali Wasfi Sadeq, Azhar Hamzah Hussein, Hiba Alameri, Ihsan Mohammed Sulbi, Afrah Kamil Zabeel","doi":"10.1155/vmi/6736190","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/6736190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ticks constitute most epidemiologically important group of ectoparasites in the veterinary medicine, causing direct host injury and serving as obligate vectors for many pathogenic organisms. The present study was designed for providing an integrated morphological, ultrastructural, and histopathological characterization of <i>Rhipicephalus annulatus</i> that are infesting sheep in Kerbala Province, central Iraq. A total of 540 sheep of both sex with variable ages were examined at several rural localities across the province, including Touyrige region, Al-Husseiniya area, and Al-Chemmalya countryside, in period between March and November 2023. Tick samples were collected from various anatomical sites on the body of the host. Adult female ticks of genus <i>Rhipicephalus</i> were recognized morphologically and exposed to both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light histological examination. Gross examination of tick attachment positions revealed local swelling and erythema. Histopathological evaluation of infested skin demonstrated marked epidermal hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, epithelial cell degeneration, multifocal dermal necrosis, and a dense mixed inflammatory infiltrate comprising predominantly eosinophils and lymphocytes. The active immunological response is presented by vascular congestion with dilation at the site of attachment. SEM investigation confirms the specialized mouthparts and cuticular surface adaptations of <i>R. annulatus</i> females which enable the mechanical injury and continuous tissue attachment. These findings advance the understanding of host with the ectoparasite connections and underscore the requirement of tick surveillance with control programmed in sheep-rearing communities in Kerbala Province.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6736190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13620841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative Role of Ethanolic <i>Nigella sativa</i> Seed Extract in Chlorpyrifos-Induced Neurotoxicity and Testicular Toxicity.","authors":"Dhanya R Rai, Reena Sherin Parveen, Veena Nayak, Sandhya Kumari, Vinutha R Bhat, Harshini, Mohandas Rao K G","doi":"10.1155/vmi/9865544","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/9865544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate (OP) pesticide, is used worldwide in agriculture as an insecticide; its exposure has been linked to neurological disorder, endocrine disruption, cardiovascular disease, etc. <i>Nigella sativa</i> (NS), also known as black seed or black cumin, has been a part of traditional medicine and is used to treat a wide range of ailments from digestive and respiratory problems to topical skin disease. This study aims to investigate the potential protective role of the ethanolic seed extract of NS on chlorpyrifos-induced neurotoxicity and testicular toxicity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 36 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, which included Group 1 as Control group, Group 2 as CPF 7.5 mg/kg, Group 3 as CPF 7.5 mg/kg + ATR 10 mg/kg, Group 4 as CPF 7.5 mg/kg + NS 2.5 mg/kg, Group 5 as CPF 7.5 mg/kg + NS 5 mg/kg, and Group 6 as CPF 7.5 mg/kg + NS 10 mg/kg. NS and CPF in their respective doses were administered orally, and ATR was given as intraperitoneal injection every day for 28 days. Neurotoxicity was assessed by measuring oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], a marker of lipid peroxidation), antioxidant status (reduced glutathione [GSH]), inflammatory markers (interleukin-1β [IL-1β]), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris Water Maze test. Testicular toxicity was evaluated through sperm count and histopathology assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The treatment with NS at a dose of 10 mg/kg showed neuroprotective effect through elevation in AChE activity, significant decrease in IL-β levels, dose-dependent decrease, and increase in MDA and GSH levels, respectively, and improved spatial memory as evidenced by increase in escape latency and the number of entries in the Morris water maze test. However, there was no significant effect in testicular toxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the present study indicate that the ethanolic seed extract of NS has significant neuroprotective activity against CPF-induced neurotoxicity, mainly at the dose of 10 mg/kg, as portrayed by the improvement in AChE activity and cognitive performance combined with its anti-inflammatory effect through a decrease in IL-1β levels and antioxidant effect through increase in GSH and reduction in MDA levels. However, the NS extract did not show any significant protective effect against CPF-induced testicular toxicity. These results indicate the potential therapeutic role of NS in mitigating OP-induced neurological damage, justifying further studies to elucidate its mechanisms and extended benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9865544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian Modeling of Bovine Tuberculosis Prevalence for Enhanced Estimation and Control in Intensive Dairy Farms: A Longitudinal Decision-Support Tools for Veterinarians and Policymakers.","authors":"Berhanu Abera, Balako Gumi, Gobena Ameni, Rebecca L Smith, Gezahegne Mamo","doi":"10.1155/vmi/2737085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/vmi/2737085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate prevalence estimation is crucial for effective bovine tuberculosis (bTB) control, as unreliable data often gives rise to strategic failures, misallocation of resources, and loss of stakeholder trust. In an epidemiological study, obtaining true prevalence (Tp) requires accounting for misclassification and measurement errors inherent in diagnostic testing. Given the imperfect specificity and sensitivity of single intradermal comparative tuberculin tests (SICCTT), Bayesian methods present a natural way to propagate these uncertainties. This study uses a Bayesian approach to improve bTB prevalence estimates from imperfect diagnostic tests. It transforms raw screening data from a dairy farm case study into reliable evidence for better veterinary decisions and targeted disease control policies. Prior sensitivity estimates of SICCTT under standard and severe interpretations were 70.0% (BPI: 52.0%-84.6%) and 78.68% (BPI: 62.1%-90.5%), with corresponding specificities of 96.4% (BPI: 92.2%-98.8%) and 94.7% (BPI: 91.4%-97.1%). Posterior estimates showed a slight reduction in sensitivity under standard interpretation (68.3%, BPI: 50.4-83.7), while other estimates remained comparable to prior distributions. Bayesian modeling revealed notable variation in Tp across testing rounds. Rounds 1 and 3 had the highest prevalence, 27.6% (BPI: 18.5-40.6) and 30.9% (BPI: 23.3-47.5) under standard interpretation, respectively. In contrast, test round 4 yielded the lowest prevalence estimate at 4.1% (BPI: 0.6-8.6). The posterior probability of Tp being below 1%, the threshold for herd freedom from <i>M. bovis</i> infection, was 0% for the first three test rounds, but increased to 5.8% in test round 4. Comparative analysis of estimation methods showed that Bayesian estimators with informative priors produced slightly higher point estimates for Tp than the Rogan-Gladen estimator and Bayesian models with uninformative priors, except in test round 3. However, Bayesian estimation with informative priors exhibited wider credible intervals and strong coverage, reflecting the added uncertainty from not fixing test sensitivity and specificity. Convergence diagnostics, including trace plots, autocorrelation function (ACF) plots, and Gelman-Rubin statistics, confirmed adequate mixing and stationarity of the Markov chains, indicating satisfactory performance of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. Rapid autocorrelation decay and the stabilization of Gelman-Rubin statistics near 1.0 provide evidence that the posterior samples adequately represent the target distributions. In conclusion, classic apparent prevalence estimates are overly precise when uncertainty around test performance is high. These Bayesian approaches provide a more accurate estimate of bTB prevalence in the study herd and provide baseline data for future Tp estimates using linked combined data.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2737085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13599369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological and Pathological Investigation of Bacterial Pneumonia in Forest Musk Deer (<i>Moschus berezovskii</i>) Using a Novel Multiplex PCR Assay.","authors":"Cheng Chang, Xiaorui Zhang, Runlai Cao, Qilin Wang, Xiaoxu Wang","doi":"10.1155/vmi/8110272","DOIUrl":"10.1155/vmi/8110272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pneumonia is a major cause of mortality in forest musk deer (<i>M. berezovskii</i>) breeding, leading to significant economic losses. Conventional pathogen detection methods, such as bacterial isolation and culture, are time-consuming and costly. This study aimed to develop a rapid, specific, and sensitive multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of four common bacterial pathogens. Specific primers were designed to target genes: <i>gyrB</i> for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>PhoE</i> for <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>LasI</i> for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Kmt1</i> for <i>Pasteurella multocida</i>. The multiplex PCR system was optimized by adjusting the annealing temperature and primer concentrations, and its specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility were evaluated. The technique successfully detected all four pathogens simultaneously, demonstrating high specificity and good reproducibility. The detection limits were 9.2 × 10⁴ CFU/mL for <i>E. coli</i>, 1.3 × 10⁵ CFU/mL for <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, 1.5 × 10⁵ CFU/mL for <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and 3.7 × 10⁴ CFU/mL for <i>P. multocida</i>. Using this method, a total of 47 lung tissue samples from dead forest musk deer across four regions in China were analyzed, and results were compared with bacterial isolation and 16S rRNA sequencing. A high rate of mixed infections (74.5%) was observed, with <i>E. coli</i> showing the highest detection rate (80.8%), followed by <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (65.9%), while <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (40.4%) and <i>P. multocida</i> (40.4%) were less prevalent. Moreover, histopathological analysis confirmed typical pneumonia lesions. This method provides a reliable method for rapid detection of major bacterial pathogens in musk deer, supporting clinical diagnosis and epidemiological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23503,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Medicine International","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8110272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}