Virus research最新文献

{"title":"A cell-penetrating bispecific antibody suppresses hepatitis B virus replication and secretion","authors":"Chongwei Xie ,&nbsp;Bing Zhou ,&nbsp;Da Yao ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Lihong Zhong ,&nbsp;Chuanghua Qiu ,&nbsp;Junfang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents one of the major pathogenic factor that leads to chronic liver diseases and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The currently approved anti-HBV drugs cannot eradicate the virus or block the development of HCC. HBV nucleocapsid consists of the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and the HBV relaxed-circular partially double-stranded DNA (rcDNA), indispensable in virus replication. The present study reported a cell-penetrating bispecific antibody targeting HBcAg and preS1, fused with the cell-penetrating peptide R9TAT, named Anti-preS1 × Anti-HBcAg-R9TAT. The antibody could recognize preS1 and HBcAg and internalize into living cells efficiently, suppressing the extracellular hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B envelope antigen, and the intracellular HBsAg and HBcAg <em>in vitro</em>. This cell-penetrating bispecific antibody is a novel approach to suppressing HBV replication and secretion and is a promising anti-HBV therapeutic antibody candidate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 199531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143041678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of feline caliciviruses isolated from several adult cats with atypical infection showing severe flu-like symptoms on a remote island in Ehime, Japan","authors":"Yuki Nishisaka ,&nbsp;Hikaru Fujii ,&nbsp;Fumiko Ono ,&nbsp;Sho Kadekaru ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kogiku ,&nbsp;Yumi Une ,&nbsp;Shione Takeguchi ,&nbsp;Naomi Ohta ,&nbsp;Masumi Eto ,&nbsp;Chiharu Takeuchi ,&nbsp;Seigou Takeuchi ,&nbsp;Tetsuko Miki ,&nbsp;Akihiko Tokuda ,&nbsp;Keiko Ookawa ,&nbsp;Yukinobu Tohya ,&nbsp;Keita Ishijima ,&nbsp;Akiko Okutani ,&nbsp;Ken Maeda ,&nbsp;Shumpei Watanabe ,&nbsp;Shigeru Morikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In November 2020, a volunteer group reported an outbreak of an infectious disease with a high fatality rate and flu-like symptoms among stray cats in Aoshima, a remote island in Ehime, Japan. Nine adult cats with severe symptoms were hospitalized. Feline calicivirus (FCV) was isolated from pharyngeal swabs of six hospitalized cats. An outbreak of virulent systemic FCV (VS-FCV) infection was initially suspected because of obvious flu-like symptoms in adult cats; however, no symptoms typically associated with VS-FCV, such as skin ulcers on the limbs, edema, or viremia, were observed. Notably, two of the hospitalized cats that showed severe disease had diarrhea and anemia, and died or had a prolonged illness. These cases reveal atypical symptoms of FCV infection that have not been previously reported. We further isolated typical strains from western Japan (Osaka, Kumamoto, and Ehime) and analyzed the viral genes along with virulent strains from Aoshima. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Aoshima strain formed a new lineage distinct from known FCVs. The Aoshima strains isolated in the initial outbreak before December 5, 2020, and those isolated after the end of the outbreak, which are suspected pathogenic and typical non-pathogenic strains, respectively, were located in the same cluster and shown to be very similar in sequence. The virulent Aoshima strain, which causes atypical FCV infections in cats, may have been derived by acquiring several mutations from a typical strain that chronically infects cats on a remote island.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 199535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of synonymous codon usage bias of Lassa virus","authors":"Siddiq Ur Rahman ,&nbsp;Yikui Hu ,&nbsp;Hassan Ur Rehman ,&nbsp;May M. Alrashed ,&nbsp;Kotb A. Attia ,&nbsp;Ubaid Ullah ,&nbsp;Huiying Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lassa virus genome consists of two single-stranded, negative-sense RNA segments that lie in the genus <em>Arenavirus</em>. The disease associated with the Lassa virus is distributed all over the world, with approximately 3,000,000–5,000,000 infections diagnosed annually in West Africa. It shows high health risks to the human being. Previous research used the evolutionary time scale and adaptive evolution to describe the Lassa virus population pattern. However, it is still unclear how the Lassa virus takes advantage of synonymous codons. In this study, we analyzed the codon usage bias in 162 Lassa virus strains by calculating and comparing the nucleotide contents, effective number of codons (ENC), codon adaptation index (CAI), relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), and others. The results disclosed that LASV strains are rich in A/T. The average ENC value indicated a low codon usage bias in LASVs. The ENC-plot, neutrality plot and parity rule 2 plot demonstrated that, besides mutational pressure, other factors like natural selection also contributed to codon usage bias. This study is significant because it described the pattern of codon usage in the genomes of the Lassa viruses and provided the information needed for a fundamental evolutionary study of them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 199528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a water-dispersible antimicrobial lipid mixture to inhibit African swine fever virus and other enveloped viruses","authors":"Joshua A. Jackman ,&nbsp;Roza Izmailyan ,&nbsp;Rafayela Grigoryan ,&nbsp;Tun Naw Sut ,&nbsp;Abel Taye ,&nbsp;Hovakim Zakaryan ,&nbsp;Charles C. Elrod","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Medium-chain antimicrobial lipids are promising antiviral agents to inhibit membrane-enveloped viruses such as African swine fever virus (ASFV) and influenza A virus (IAV) in livestock applications. However, current uses are limited to feed pathogen mitigation due to low aqueous solubility and the development of water-dispersible lipid formulations is needed for broader application usage. In this study, we report a water-dispersible antimicrobial lipid mixture of monoglycerides and lactylates that can inhibit ASFV and IAV and exhibits antiviral properties in drinking water and feed matrices. The lipid mixture reduced the viral infectivity of membrane-enveloped ASFV and IAV in aqueous solution in a dose-dependent manner but was inactive against non-enveloped encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Additional ASFV experiments supported that the lipid mixture is virucidal, which was corroborated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments. Feed mitigation experiments demonstrated that the lipid mixture can also inhibit ASFV infectivity and affected the conformational properties of ASFV p72 structural protein in virus-spiked feed. Mechanistic experiments identified that the lipid mixture rapidly disrupted phospholipid membranes in a micelle-dependent manner, which aligns with the virological data while higher concentrations were needed for virucidal activity than for the onset of membrane disruption. These findings support that water-dispersible antimicrobial lipid mixtures can effectively inhibit ASFV and IAV and have practical advantages for drinking water applications compared to existing medium-chain antimicrobial lipid mitigant options that are formulated as dry powders or oils for in-feed applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 199516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving chronic hepatitis B functional cure: Factors and potential mechanisms","authors":"Jiarui Zheng,&nbsp;Zilong Wang,&nbsp;Linxiang Huang,&nbsp;Zixuan Qiu,&nbsp;Yandi Xie,&nbsp;Suzhen Jiang,&nbsp;Bo Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a significant global health issue affecting approximately 254 million individuals worldwide. Achieving the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), either with or without seroconversion to hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), is regarded as a functional cure and the optimal goal for addressing CHB, and can be achieved through various approaches, including induction with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs), induction with pegylated interferon alpha (PegIFNα), and spontaneous clearance of HBsAg. Spontaneous clearance of HBsAg is rare, while NAs can directly inhibit HBV DNA, they are unable to act on covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), hence inhibiting HBsAg production or clearing HBsAg is extremely challenging. On the other hand, functional cure based on PegIFNα shows good long-term durability, but over 10 % of patients still experience relapse, mostly within 48 weeks after functional cure. Factors related to CHB functional cure with antiviral therapy are complex, including host factors, viral factors, environmental factors, etc. The integration of HBV DNA into liver cells, persistence of HBV cccDNA, insufficient B cell responses and compromised T cell function pose significant barriers to HBV clearance. Therefore, this study systematically reviewed the relevant factors and potential mechanisms influencing functional cure CHB, which can provide a basis for personalized treatment, help predict treatment outcomes and assess prognosis, and provide theoretical support for the advancement of novel treatment strategies and medications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 199507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher frequency of interstate over international transmission chains of SARS-CoV-2 virus at the Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil state borders","authors":"Filipe Zimmer Dezordi ,&nbsp;José Valter Joaquim Silva Júnior ,&nbsp;Terimar Facin Ruoso ,&nbsp;Angela Giovana Batista ,&nbsp;Pedro Mesquita Fonseca ,&nbsp;Larissa Paim Bernardo ,&nbsp;Richard Steiner Salvato ,&nbsp;Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini ,&nbsp;Thaísa Regina Rocha Lopes ,&nbsp;Eduardo Furtado Flores ,&nbsp;Rudi Weiblen ,&nbsp;Patrícia Chaves Brites ,&nbsp;Mônica de Medeiros Silva ,&nbsp;João Batista Teixeira da Rocha ,&nbsp;Gustavo de Lima Barbosa ,&nbsp;Lais Ceschini Machado ,&nbsp;Alexandre Freitas da Silva ,&nbsp;Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva ,&nbsp;Matheus Filgueira Bezerra ,&nbsp;Tulio de Lima Campos ,&nbsp;Gabriel da Luz Wallau","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brazil's COVID-19 response has faced challenges due to the continuous emergence of variants of concern (VOCs), emphasizing the need for ongoing genomic surveillance and retrospective analyses of past epidemic waves to reassess and fine tune containment protocols. Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil's southernmost state, has international borders and trades with Argentina and Uruguay, along with significant domestic connections within Brazil. The identification of source and sink transmission chains at national and international scales can identify main hubs and pathways to target future interventions. In this study we investigated the RS state role in the national and international SARS-CoV-2 transmission chains, which has not been fully explored. Nasopharyngeal samples from various municipalities in RS were collected between June 2020 and July 2022. SARS-CoV-2 whole genome amplification and sequencing were performed using high-throughput Illumina sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis encompassed the development of scripts and tools to perform subsampling taking into account epidemiological information to reduce sequencing disparities bias among the regions/countries, genome assembly, and large-scale alignment and phylogenetic reconstruction. We sequenced a total of 1,480 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from RS, covering all major regions. Sequences predominantly represented Gamma (April-June 2021) and Omicron (January-July 2022) lineages. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a regional pattern for transmission dynamics, particularly with Southeast Brazil for Gamma, and a range of inter-regional connections for Delta and Omicron within the country. On the other hand, international and cross-border transmission with Argentina and Uruguay was rather limited. We evaluated the three VOCs circulation over two years in RS using a new subsampling strategy based on the number of cases in each state during the circulation of each VOC. In summary, the retrospective analysis of genomic surveillance data demonstrated that virus transmission was less intense between country borders than within the country. These findings suggest that while non-pharmacological interventions were effective to mitigate transmission across international RS land borders, they were insufficient to contain transmission at the domestic level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 199500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11720880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The increasing importance of Dengue virus infection in Saudi Arabia: A review","authors":"Ahmad M. Alharbi","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exacerbated by the rise of global warming due to climate change, as well as ease of international travel and mass migration, the dengue virus infection remains of particular economic and global concern. Of note, the emergence of the first case of dengue viral infection occurred in Saudi Arabia in the 1990s, and since then there has been a steady rise in the number of cases. Moreover, the arrival of imported dengue virus variants poses a significant challenge to dengue fever surveillance and control efforts within the region, especially as Saudi Arabia attracts millions of religious pilgrims throughout the year. Herein, we discuss the epidemiology of dengue viral infection in Saudi Arabia, dengue fever biology and clinical manifestation. Current management strategies, amongst other factors influencing dengue fever in Saudi Arabia are also deliberated upon. Future ongoing research and consistent monitoring of both established and emerging dengue viral strains within Saudi Arabia are needed, given the lack of current comprehensive studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 199510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome sequencing surveillance of Siberian tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) identifies an additional lineage in Kyrgyzstan","authors":"Jake D'Addiego ,&nbsp;Mollie Curran-French ,&nbsp;Jack Smith ,&nbsp;Asankadyr T Junushov ,&nbsp;Irena Breininger ,&nbsp;Barry Atkinson ,&nbsp;John Hay ,&nbsp;Roger Hewson","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the most prevalent tick-borne viral disease in Europe and Asia. There are three main subtypes of the virus: European, Siberian, and Far Eastern, each of which having distinctive ecology, clinical presentation, and geographic distribution. In recent years, other TBEV subtypes have been described, namely the Himalayan and Baikalian subtypes. Differences in virulence between TBEV subtypes have been described, with the Far Eastern subtype causing the most severe disease in humans. Considering the emergence of new TBEV foci, the genetic characterisation of the virus in endemic regions is crucial to not only better understand its epidemiology, but also to identify possible genetic determinants of virulence, as well as develop accurate diagnostics and therapeutics.</div><div>In our previous study, we identified TBEV in six localities of the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan), and Ala-Archa National Nature Park as a focus of TBEV transmission. Whilst we were able to retrieve the first partial TBEV sequence from Kyrgyzstan from <em>Ixodes persulcatus</em> ticks, we were unable to retrieve a complete genome sequence at that time.</div><div>In this study, we have utilised a sequence-independent single-primer amplification (SISPA) protocol and retrieved the complete genome sequence of our previous 2009 TBEV tick sample (strain KY09) producing the third complete TBEV genome from Kyrgyzstan, and the first genome from the region clustering within the Vasilchenko lineage, suggesting a wider distribution for the lineage than was previously thought.</div><div>We have also developed a tiling amplicon scheme for Siberian TBEV (TBEV-Sib) which produced &gt; 90 % reference coverage at 100x sequencing depths for samples with as little as 1.13×10⁴ RNA copies/ml. Since high viral loads are rare in TBEV clinical samples, the developed protocol adds value to TBEV-Sib endemic regions by offering a novel set of primers to further amplify the viral genome prior to sequencing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 199517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of antibodies against H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in multiple raccoons in Tokachi District, Hokkaido, Japan, from 2022 to 2023","authors":"Minami Komami ,&nbsp;James G. Komu ,&nbsp;Yuki Ishiguro ,&nbsp;Motoki Sasaki ,&nbsp;Sachiko Matsuda ,&nbsp;Dulamjav Jamsransuren ,&nbsp;Vuong Nghia Bui ,&nbsp;Yohei Watanabe ,&nbsp;Kunitoshi Imai ,&nbsp;Haruko Ogawa ,&nbsp;Yohei Takeda","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, infection cases of H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in wild mammals have increased globally. To obtain recent epidemiological information regarding influenza A virus (IAV) infection in raccoons (<em>Procyon lotor</em>), the prevalence of anti-IAV antibodies in sera was analyzed among raccoons captured in Tokachi District, Hokkaido, Japan, from 2019 to 2023. Screening of serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and agar gel precipitation test detected anti-IAV antibodies in 5 of 114 (4.4 %) raccoons. All positive sera were from raccoons captured from 2022 to 2023. The hemagglutination inhibition test revealed that all five serum samples contained anti-H5 subtype HPAIV antibodies, and one also contained anti-H1 subtype antibodies. The neuraminidase inhibition test revealed that all five sera contained anti-N1 subtype antibodies, and one also contained anti-N8 subtype antibodies. In the virus neutralization test, these five sera showed stronger neutralization activity against the H5 subtype clade 2.3.4.4b HPAIV strain recently circulating worldwide compared to the old H5 HPAIV strain isolated in Japan in 2007. These findings suggested that raccoons could be involved in the circulation of H5 HPAIVs in nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 199515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foot-and-mouth disease in Asia","authors":"Md. Abdur Rahman ,&nbsp;Farah Zereen ,&nbsp;Md. Liton Rana ,&nbsp;Md. Golzar Hossain ,&nbsp;Masaru Shimada ,&nbsp;Sukumar Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious transboundary disease prevalent across the Asian continent, affecting both wild and domestic artiodactyls. The disease is caused by a virus belonging to the Aphthovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family which is categorized into seven serotypes: C, O, A, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia1. The virus spreads through direct and indirect contact, including semen, meat, fomites, ingestion, and aerosols. FMD has a severe economic impact due to the high morbidity and mortality, especially in young animals. Prevention of the disease relies on vaccination with the prevalent serotype(s) or the slaughter and destruction of affected animals. This review discusses the prevalence of various FMD virus (FMDV) serotypes across Asia, along with the transmission modes, pathogenesis, immune response, and immune suppression by FMDV. Additionally, the review explores FMD diagnosis, prevention, and control strategies, and highlights future opportunities for research aimed at developing strain-specific viral and bacterial combined vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23483,"journal":{"name":"Virus research","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 199514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}