{"title":"Constant Current/Constant Voltage Charging Via Series-Series Compensated Resonant Inductive Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicle","authors":"N. Shrestha, Jeong-ryong Son, S. Williamson","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187096","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the simple yet effective phase shift control to attain constant current/constant current (CC/CV) charging for Electric Vehicle (EV) battery packs through series-series compensated resonant inductive wireless power transfer (RIWPT). The Series-Series (SS) compensation is mainly used in the proposed system to improve power transfer capability, reduce the leakage magnetic flux, and thereby maximize the power transfer efficiency. The battery pack of EV s is characterized as an equivalent variable resistance during CC/CV charging based on a real charging profile of a Chevy bolt EV battery pack. The primary side control is utilized in the proposed system to reduce the weight of the onboard power electronics converter and components requirements on the secondary side. An effective phase shift control strategy for RIWPT -based level 2 charger which only requires battery voltage and current data is implemented to achieve CC/CV charging of the EV battery pack. The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed control strategy are verified through a 7.7 kW RIWPT-based charger simulation as well as its experimental validation with a 3.7 kW RIWPT -based charger prototype.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129992441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anastasia Popiolek, P. Dessante, M. Petit, Z. Dimitrova, Mouhcine Waraq
{"title":"Highway charging infrastructure costs reduction for limited-range electric vehicles with real-time communication","authors":"Anastasia Popiolek, P. Dessante, M. Petit, Z. Dimitrova, Mouhcine Waraq","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186939","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing the charging service for long-distance trips with limited-range electric vehicles (EVs) is one of the significant challenges to EVs' adoption. Multiple approaches have been developed to optimize the charging infrastructure layout to capture EV flow or, on the contrary, to use the existing charging network more efficiently. In the present paper, we propose a new method that minimizes the infrastructure cost when the EV flow is, in addition, controlled by a charging strategy improving the charging station use rate. Each EV using the charging strategy minimizes its traveling time thanks to real-time communication between EVs and charging stations: the EVs share their intended charging plans, and the stations, the estimation of future waiting times. To show the gain in infrastructure cost provided by the communication, we compute, thanks to a Grey Wolf Optimizer, the optimal infrastructure layout for different fleets of limited-range EVs using real-time communication. The optimal layout obtained for each fleet is then compared to the optimal infrastructure we should build in cases where the EVs do not communicate. The communication strategy enables a reduction by at least 8.3% of the number of charging points and saves at least 7.3% of the infrastructure cost.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121785059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foo Shen Hwang, Colin J. Reidy, D. Picovici, D. Callaghan, D. Culliton, Cathal Nolan, T. Confrey
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on Modular Phase Change Material (PCM) Thermal Management Structure for Cylindrical Battery Cells","authors":"Foo Shen Hwang, Colin J. Reidy, D. Picovici, D. Callaghan, D. Culliton, Cathal Nolan, T. Confrey","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187086","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of a passive modular li-ion battery thermal management system (BTMS) comprising of a PCM and hexagonal aluminum fin structure was experimentally examined in this study. The maximum temperature rise of a li-ion cell attached to the prototype was recorded as it is discharged under a 1C, 2C and 3C discharge rate and its results are then compared to a li-ion cell cooled under natural convection conditions. From the results obtained, the prototype was able to maintain the cell temperature at its optimum temperature between 15°C to 35°C for all three discharge rates whereas the li-ion cell under natural convection was only able to maintain an optimal operating temperature at a 1C discharge rate. The Nusselt number of the prototype was also examined and it was determined that the Nusselt number decreases as the discharge rate of the battery increases signifying a reduction in the heat transfer rate of the prototype at higher discharge rates.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122599709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flexible Load Uncertainty Management on Shipboard Microgrids Through Redispatch with Control Effort Reduction","authors":"Kaitlyn Sitch, Liang Du","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186926","url":null,"abstract":"The power systems onboard ships can be classified as shipboard microgrids, which traditionally only included diesel generators and gas turbines. As environmental concerns and more DC loads are used onboard, batteries have made way for a hybrid-electric power system. The loads onboard the ships are classified into two groups, propulsion, and hotel loads, where hotel loads are all loads unrelated to the movement of the ship. These loads are relatively predictable when categorized in this manner. However, the harsh conditions at sea inevitably lead to changes that must be addressed with particular importance on the critical loads. Therefore, a flexible redispatch control method with control effort reduction is proposed. The proposed control considers a baseline profile with a reserve allocated and minimizes the change applied to each unit with adjustable modes based on the ships' requirements.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126890587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reanna Orzechowski, M. Jahnes, Youssef A. Fahmy, Liwei Zhou, M. Preindl
{"title":"Magnetic and Winding Loss Estimation Using Harmonic Binning","authors":"Reanna Orzechowski, M. Jahnes, Youssef A. Fahmy, Liwei Zhou, M. Preindl","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187112","url":null,"abstract":"The current through the magnetics in a non-resonant topology is typically a composition of multiple frequencies and can be considered harmonic-rich. This is increasingly true in phase-shifted topologies where the current through the magnetic device is not strictly a sinusoidal wave. This paper follows the calculation of the transformer losses in a phase-shifted topology using the proposed harmonic binning approach. We will show that using the harmonic binning components of a triangular wave magnetic field signals allows us to use the Steinmetz equation in a fast and simulation-friendly way. First, a brief discussion on the theory behind winding and core loss is presented followed by a discussion of analytical transformer modeling. Then the harmonic binning method for winding and core loss is introduced. Lastly, FEA model results and experimental results for a transformer are presented. The proposed method is close to the FEA and experimental loss model results.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127316196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo Cattani Silva, L. R. Rocha, Paulo Henrique Alves Silva, Mozer Schunck Lorenzo, R. Vieira
{"title":"Multi-Objective Optimized Computational Neural Network for Performance Enhancement in Non-Sinusoidal PMSM Drives","authors":"Eduardo Cattani Silva, L. R. Rocha, Paulo Henrique Alves Silva, Mozer Schunck Lorenzo, R. Vieira","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186992","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a control scheme for tuning a neural network (NN) with a multi-objective optimizer in order to reduce the torque ripple and losses of a non-sinusoidal PMSM driver over a wide speed operation range. To achieve these goals, the neural network structure and the cost functions are defined, then a virtual machine running in cloud service massively executed the optimization algorithm to obtain several sets of dominant gains and the most appropriate one has been picked. Using these gains and feeding the inputs, the NN is able to add disturbances in both currents and voltages in dq current control loops, allowing torque ripple mitigation. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the reduction in torque ripple and the losses when compared with approaches using only SPWM or DPWM.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130581337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Khoshhava, M. Abarzadeh, H. Mosaddegh, Mohammbad Babaie, S. Caron, K. Al-haddad
{"title":"A Universal Robust Algorithm for Parameters Estimation of Induction Machines at Standstill Operation in Variable Frequency Drives","authors":"M. A. Khoshhava, M. Abarzadeh, H. Mosaddegh, Mohammbad Babaie, S. Caron, K. Al-haddad","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186999","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a comprehensive method is proposed for the electrical parameters estimation of three phase induction machines (IMs) at standstill condition. All the electrical parameters of IMs with high accuracy are extracted at standstill condition by employing the proposed estimation technique. This method is comprised of four steps. In the first and second steps, the stator resistance and the leakage reactance are estimated, respectively. The third step is related to rotor time constant estimation and the magnetizing inductance is estimated in the last step. The estimation process is based on the Γ-inverse model of IMs. Based on the estimated parameters, all of the parameters of the conventional d-q model of IMs are also calculated. The functionality of the proposed method is verified through multiple simulations executed for several IMs with different power ratings. Implementing this method can significantly improve the functionality of various IM drive systems, especially those based on the electrical model of machine.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131923392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the Applicability of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Parallel-Connected Lithium-ion Battery Modules","authors":"Wenlin Zhang, R. Ahmed, S. Habibi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187072","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a non-destructive method of testing that provides information on the internal processes within a cell. Previous studies using EIS have primarily focused on the cell level, with few studies conducted at the module or pack level. This study applies EIS to eight 4P1S modules at varying states-of-charge (100%, 50%, and 0%) and degrees of aging. At 100% SOC, the modules show relatively high impedance values and good distinguishability between modules with different states-of-health (SOH). As the overall SOH decreases, both the real and imaginary impedance values at the transition frequency show a clear increasing trend. Additionally, the transition frequencies cluster between 0.025 to 0.050 Hz, indicating that a small range of low-frequency signals may be sufficient for obtaining diagnostic information. For this study, a custom spring-loaded battery fixture was developed, allowing cells to be connected in parallel and series configurations without the need for welding. The repeatability of results with inserted and removed cells was also studied. The results indicate that module-level EIS tests on parallel-connected cells are strongly correlated with the overall SOH of the module and provide foundational information for implementing EIS tests at the module and pack level for state estimation, fault detection, and rapid battery sorting.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"247 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134070568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Islam Zaher, A. Manikandan, Mohamed Abdalmagid, G. Pietrini, Mikhail Goykhman, A. Emadi
{"title":"Multiphysics Thermo-Structural Design of the Rotor in High-Speed Permanent Magnet Machines for Aerospace Propulsion Applications","authors":"Islam Zaher, A. Manikandan, Mohamed Abdalmagid, G. Pietrini, Mikhail Goykhman, A. Emadi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10187099","url":null,"abstract":"High temperatures, thermal and mechanical stresses, rotor imbalances in high-speed Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous machines (SPMSM) often dictates the maximum power output of the machine. Hence, a trade-off should be made between the cooling design, and machine structure stiffness, and the power rating. This work discusses the modelling and design process of the high-speed machine rotor by means of thermo-structural and modal analyses to minimize the trade-offs between the structural and thermal designs. The study discusses the design and modeling of SPMSM machine rotor thermally and structurally to achieve the highest power output of the machine while targeting rotor weight reduction. The design of the rotor shows safe operating temperatures and stress levels at the machine rated speed and power output as a result of the minimized and well-distributed thermal and mechanical stresses. A power density of 7.1 kW/kg is achieved by designing the machine within safe operating limits without using excessive safety margins.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115466640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Sastry, Shashanka Holla, Shreyas Tater, E. Gustafson, David G. Taylor, M. Leamy
{"title":"Design and Demonstration of a Smart Charging System for Plug-in Electric Vehicles","authors":"K. Sastry, Shashanka Holla, Shreyas Tater, E. Gustafson, David G. Taylor, M. Leamy","doi":"10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC55900.2023.10186905","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the development and demon-stration of a smart charging system for a plug-in electric vehicle (EV) that can help manage grid impacts. Our vehicle-external smart charging system supports charging Levels 1 and 2 defined in the SAE J1772 standard, and interfaces with the EV through (i) a standard charging cable, and (ii) a third-party telematics API (compatible with a wide range of EV manufacturers). The smart charging system interacts with the EV owner via a smartphone application to obtain charging requirements and preferences. User preferences inform an optimization objective function which captures multiple interests of the EV owner via a user-weighted sum of three performance metrics: cost of electricity, usage of renewable energy, and time-to-charge. An optimization-based feedback control algorithm determines an optimal set of time intervals, during which to charge the EV at a pre-defined, constant power level. Power flow to the EV is subsequently (dis)allowed accordingly by controlling a relay placed between the EV and the mains connection. Experimental results demonstrate minimum-cost charging of a 2021 Volvo XC90 Recharge using our prototype smart charging system.","PeriodicalId":234784,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116201456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}