Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2022-01-02Epub Date: 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1965418
Izabela Rusiecka, Iwona Gągało, Ivan Kocić
{"title":"Cell-penetrating peptides improve pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer drugs.","authors":"Izabela Rusiecka, Iwona Gągało, Ivan Kocić","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1965418","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1965418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review concentrates on the research concerning conjugates of anticancer drugs with versatile cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). For a better insight into the relationship between the components of the constructs, it starts with the characteristic of the peptides and considers its following aspects: mechanisms of cellular internalization, interaction with cancer-modified membranes, selectivity against tumor tissue. Also, CPPs with anticancer activity have been distinguished and summarized with their mechanisms of action. With respect to the conjugates, the preclinical studies (<i>in vitro, in vivo</i>) indicated that they possess several merits in comparison to the parent drugs. They concerned not only better cellular internalization but also other improvements in pharmacokinetics (e.g. access to the brain tissue) and pharmacodynamics (e.g. overcoming drug resistance). The anticancer activity of the conjugates was usually superior to that of the unconjugated drug. Certain anticancer CPPs and conjugates entered clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":"10 1","pages":"1965418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8794253/pdf/KTIB_10_1965418.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39319321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2022-01-02Epub Date: 2021-10-15DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1982349
Sarmistha Talukdar, Luni Emdad, Swadesh K Das, Paul B Fisher
{"title":"GAP junctions: multifaceted regulators of neuronal differentiation.","authors":"Sarmistha Talukdar, Luni Emdad, Swadesh K Das, Paul B Fisher","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1982349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2021.1982349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gap junctions are intercellular membrane channels consisting of connexin proteins, which contribute to direct cytoplasmic exchange of small molecules, substrates and metabolites between adjacent cells. These channels play important roles in neuronal differentiation, maintenance, survival and function. Gap junctions regulate differentiation of neurons from embryonic, neural and induced pluripotent stem cells. In addition, they control transdifferentiation of neurons from mesenchymal stem cells. The expression and levels of several connexins correlate with cell cycle changes and different stages of neurogenesis. Connexins such as Cx36, Cx45, and Cx26, play a crucial role in neuronal function. Several connexin knockout mice display lethal or severely impaired phenotypes. Aberrations in connexin expression is frequently associated with various neurodegenerative disorders. Gap junctions also act as promising therapeutic targets for neuronal regenerative medicine, because of their role in neural stem cell integration, injury and remyelination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":"10 1","pages":"1982349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8794256/pdf/KTIB_10_1982349.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39521380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2022-01-02Epub Date: 2021-09-18DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1963143
Valerie C Anderson, Ian J Tagge, Aaron Doud, Xin Li, Charles S Springer, Joseph F Quinn, Jeffrey A Kaye, Katherine V Wild, William D Rooney
{"title":"DCE-MRI of Brain Fluid Barriers: <i>In Vivo</i> Water Cycling at the Human Choroid Plexus.","authors":"Valerie C Anderson, Ian J Tagge, Aaron Doud, Xin Li, Charles S Springer, Joseph F Quinn, Jeffrey A Kaye, Katherine V Wild, William D Rooney","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1963143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2021.1963143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic deficits at brain-fluid barriers are an increasingly recognized feature of cognitive decline in older adults. At the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, water is transported across the choroid plexus (CP) epithelium against large osmotic gradients via processes tightly coupled to activity of the sodium/potassium pump. Here, we quantify CP homeostatic water exchange using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and investigate the association of the water efflux rate constant (k<sub>co</sub>) with cognitive dysfunction in older individuals. Temporal changes in the longitudinal relaxation rate constant (R<sub>1</sub>) after contrast agent bolus injection were measured in a CP region of interest in 11 participants with mild cognitive dysfunction [CI; 73 ± 6 years] and 28 healthy controls [CN; 72 ± 7 years]. k<sub>co</sub> was determined from a modified two-site pharmacokinetic exchange analysis of the R<sub>1</sub> time-course. K<sup>trans</sup>, a measure of contrast agent extravasation to the interstitial space was also determined. Cognitive function was assessed by neuropsychological test performance. k<sub>co</sub> averages 5.8 ± 2.7 s<sup>-1</sup> in CN individuals and is reduced by 2.4 s<sup>-1</sup> [<i>ca</i>. 40%] in CI subjects. Significant associations of k<sub>co</sub> with global cognition and multiple cognitive domains are observed. K<sup>trans</sup> averages 0.13 ± 0.07 min<sup>-1</sup> and declines with age [-0.006 ± 0.002 min<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>], but shows no difference between CI and CN individuals or association with cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that the CP water efflux rate constant is associated with cognitive dysfunction and shows an age-related decline in later life, consistent with the metabolic disturbances that characterize brain aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":"10 1","pages":"1963143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8794257/pdf/KTIB_10_1963143.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39433161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2021-10-02Epub Date: 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1940741
Chirosree Bandyopadhyay, Leslayann Schecterson, Barry M Gumbiner
{"title":"E-cadherin activating antibodies limit barrier dysfunction and inflammation in mouse inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Chirosree Bandyopadhyay, Leslayann Schecterson, Barry M Gumbiner","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1940741","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1940741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deficits in gastrointestinal (GI) paracellular permeability has been implicated in etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and E-cadherin, a key component of the epithelial junctional complex, has been implicated in both barrier function and IBD. We have previously described antibodies against E-cadherin that activate cell adhesion, and in this study, we show that they increase transepithelial electrical resistance in epithelial cell monolayers <i>in vitro</i>. We therefore tested the hypothesis that adhesion activating E-cadherin mAbs will enhance epithelial barrier function <i>in vivo</i> and limit progression of inflammation in IBD. Activating mAbs to mouse E-cadherin were tested in different mouse models of IBD including the IL10-/- and adoptive T cell transfer models of colitis. Previously established histological and biomarker measures of inflammation were evaluated to monitor disease progression. Mouse E-cadherin activating mAb treatment reduced total colitis score, individual histological measures of inflammation, and other hallmarks of inflammation compared to control treatment. Activating mAbs also reduced the fecal accumulation lipocalin2 and albumin content, consistent with enhanced barrier function. Therefore, E-cadherin activation could be a potential strategy for limiting inflammation in UC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":"9 4","pages":"1940741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/71/5b/KTIB_9_1940741.PMC8794503.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39319214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2021-10-02Epub Date: 2021-07-06DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1949242
Anaclet Ngezahayo, Frederike A Ruhe
{"title":"Connexins in the development and physiology of stem cells.","authors":"Anaclet Ngezahayo, Frederike A Ruhe","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1949242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2021.1949242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Connexins (Cxs) form gap junction (GJ) channels linking vertebrate cells. During embryogenesis, Cxs are expressed as early as the 4-8 cell stage. As cells differentiate into pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and during gastrulation, the Cx expression pattern is adapted. Knockdown of Cx43 and Cx45 does not interfere with embryogenic development until the blastula stage, questioning the role of Cxs in PSC physiology and development. Studies in cultivated and induced PSCs (iPSCs) showed that Cx43 is essential for the maintenance of self-renewal and the expression of pluripotency markers. It was found that the role of Cxs in PSCs is more related to regulation of transcription or cell-cell adherence than to formation of GJ channels. Furthermore, a crucial role of Cxs for the self-renewal and differentiation was shown in cultivated adult mesenchymal stem cells. This review aims to highlight aspects that link Cxs to the function and physiology of stem cell development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":"9 4","pages":"1949242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21688370.2021.1949242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39152905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2021-10-02Epub Date: 2021-07-25DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1952150
Fatima A Saleh, Hala Jaber, Ali Eid
{"title":"Effect of Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells on multiple Organ Injuries in diet-induced obese mice.","authors":"Fatima A Saleh, Hala Jaber, Ali Eid","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1952150","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1952150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Obesity is a complex disease involving the accumulation of body fat that can inflict a substantial risk to health due to the potent role it plays in the development of a series of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), kidney diseases, diabetes, and some cancers. Despite all efforts made, no therapy has succeeded in reversing the obesity pandemic and its associated diseases. Herein, the aim was to study the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on obesity-induced multi-organ injuries in a diet-induced obese mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with regular chow diet or high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity for 15 weeks after which the mice were administered two doses of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC-treated groups) or media as control (media-treated groups). Animals were sacrificed and adipose, hepatic, renal, and cardiac tissues were obtained for histopathological evaluation. Mice on HFD showed excessive pathological alterations such as epididymal adipose tissue expansion, hepatic fat accumulation, glomerular swelling, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. However, treatment with ASCs significantly reversed the significant histopathological abnormalities induced by obesity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the therapeutic effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on obesity-associated complications such as NAFLD, CVD, and kidney disorders in a diet-induced obese animal model, which were partly due to the attenuation of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":"9 4","pages":"1952150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21688370.2021.1952150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39223238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2021-10-02Epub Date: 2021-07-09DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1943274
Sharof Tugizov
{"title":"Virus-associated disruption of mucosal epithelial tight junctions and its role in viral transmission and spread.","authors":"Sharof Tugizov","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1943274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2021.1943274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oropharyngeal, airway, intestinal, and genital mucosal epithelia are the main portals of entry for the majority of human pathogenic viruses. To initiate systemic infection, viruses must first be transmitted across the mucosal epithelium and then spread across the body. However, mucosal epithelia have well-developed tight junctions, which have a strong barrier function that plays a critical role in preventing the spread and dissemination of viral pathogens. Viruses can overcome these barriers by disrupting the tight junctions of mucosal epithelia, which facilitate paracellular viral penetration and initiate systemic disease. Disruption of tight and adherens junctions may also release the sequestered viral receptors within the junctional areas, and liberation of hidden receptors may facilitate viral infection of mucosal epithelia. This review focuses on possible molecular mechanisms of virus-associated disruption of mucosal epithelial junctions and its role in transmucosal viral transmission and spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":"9 4","pages":"1943274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21688370.2021.1943274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39168203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2021-10-02Epub Date: 2021-06-20DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1929787
Mohammad A Uddin, Mohammad S Akhter, Khadeja-Tul Kubra, Nektarios Barabutis
{"title":"Induction of the NEK family of kinases in the lungs of mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis.","authors":"Mohammad A Uddin, Mohammad S Akhter, Khadeja-Tul Kubra, Nektarios Barabutis","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1929787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2021.1929787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelial barrier dysfunction (EBD) is the hallmark of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a potentially lethal respiratory disorder associated with the COVID-19 - related deaths. Herein, we employed a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) murine model of sepsis, to evaluate the effects of sepsis-induced EBD in the expression of the never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinases (NEKs). Members of that family of kinases regulate the activity and expression of the tumor suppressor P53, previously shown to modulate the actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Our results introduce the induction of NEK2, NEK3, NEK4, NEK7, and NEK9 in a CLP model of sepsis. Hence, we suggest that NEKs are involved in inflammatory processes and are holding the potential to serve as novel therapeutic targets for pathologies related to EBD, including ARDS and sepsis. Further studies will delineate the underlying molecular events and their interrelations with P53.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":"9 4","pages":"1929787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21688370.2021.1929787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39250987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2021-10-02Epub Date: 2021-06-21DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1940069
Anke C Ziegler, Markus H Gräler
{"title":"Barrier maintenance by S1P during inflammation and sepsis.","authors":"Anke C Ziegler, Markus H Gräler","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1940069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2021.1940069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a multifaceted lipid signaling molecule that activates five specific G protein-coupled S1P receptors. Despite the fact that S1P is known as one of the strongest barrier-enhancing molecules for two decades, no medical application is available yet. The reason for this lack of translation into clinical practice may be the complex regulatory network of S1P signaling, metabolism and transportation.In this review, we will provide an overview about the physiology and the network of S1P signaling with the focus on endothelial barrier maintenance in inflammation. We briefly describe the physiological role of S1P and the underlying S1P signaling in barrier maintenance, outline differences of S1P signaling and metabolism in inflammatory diseases, discuss potential targets and compounds for medical intervention, and summarize our current knowledge regarding the role of S1P in the maintenance of specialized barriers like the blood-brain barrier and the placenta.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":"9 4","pages":"1940069"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21688370.2021.1940069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39252184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue BarriersPub Date : 2021-10-02Epub Date: 2021-07-29DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1956284
Paulina Gorzelak-Pabis, Marlena Broncel, Katarzyna Wojdan, Adrian Gajewski, Maciej Chalubinski, Mateusz Gawrysiak, Ewelina Wozniak
{"title":"Rivaroxaban protects from the oxysterol-induced damage and inflammatory activation of the vascular endothelium.","authors":"Paulina Gorzelak-Pabis, Marlena Broncel, Katarzyna Wojdan, Adrian Gajewski, Maciej Chalubinski, Mateusz Gawrysiak, Ewelina Wozniak","doi":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1956284","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21688370.2021.1956284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rivaroxaban is one of the direct factor Xa inhibitors. Its function in the inactivated coagulation cascade is unclear. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of rivaroxaban on the endothelial integrity and inflammatory properties of endothelial cells stimulated by 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HUVECs were stimulated with 25-OHC, rivaroxaban and 25-OHC+ rivaroxaban. HUVEC integrity and permeability were measured using the xCELLigence system and paracellular flux assay. The mRNA expression of tissue factor, ICAM-1, VEGF, IL-33, MCP-1, TNF-α was analyzed in the real-time PCR. Apoptosis and viability were measured by flow cytometry. The VEGF protein concentration was assessed by ELISA. The confocal microscope was used to evaluate the expression of VE-cadherin in endothelial cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>25-OHC decreased endothelial cell integrity and increased the mRNA expression of IL-33, tissue factor, ICAM-1, MCP-1, VEGF, TNF-α as compared to unstimulated controls. Following the stimulation with rivaroxaban, HUVEC restored integrity disrupted by 25-OHC (<i>p</i> < .01). In HUVECs pre-stimulated with oxysterol, rivaroxaban decreased mRNA expression of IL-33, TNF-α, chemokines MCP-1, ICAM-1, VEGF and tissue factor (<i>p</i> < .01). Rivaroxaban 100 mg/ml+25-OHC increased the VE-cadherin expression in endothelium as compared to 25-OHC (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our finding suggests that rivaroxaban may restore the endothelial barrier and inhibit the inflammatory activation caused by oxysterol <i>in vitro</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23469,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Barriers","volume":"9 4","pages":"1956284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8794498/pdf/KTIB_9_1956284.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39262485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}