Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters最新文献

{"title":"Disruption of Leaf Nutrient Remobilization in Coastal Cycas Trees by Tropical Cyclone Damage","authors":"Marler Te, Ferreras Uf","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000142","url":null,"abstract":"We studied leaf nutrient status of Cycas nitida leaves that were damaged by Typhoon Haiyan in four contrasting locations in eastern Philippines to determine the influence of tropical cyclone (TC) damage on habitat biogeochemistry. Nitrogen resorption efficiency was below global values, but phosphorus and potassium resorption efficiencies were above global values. Stoichiometric relationships indicated P limitations, and leaf P traits tracked soil P availability. Typhoon Haiyan damage resulted in severe changes in P and K nutrient budgets for the plants, and the resulting litter was of high quality with traits that predicted rapid decomposition of the TC-generated litter. Partially desiccated leaves retained dead leaflet tissue exhibiting nutrient relations that did not differ from those of healthy green leaves, representing another means by which the TC disrupted nutrient cycling that added to the nutrients lost due to leaf abscission. Our results build on the need for a greater understanding of how TCs influence plant and community biogeochemistry and establish some background information for understanding ongoing climate change research.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127677310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Floods on Women: With Special Reference to Flooding Experience of 2010 Flood in Pakistan","authors":"Syed Iazaz Ahmad Bukhari, S. Rizvi","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000140","url":null,"abstract":"During floods under convoluted situations women have to adjust themselves. Pakistan’s 65 percent population resides in rural areas which are the main victims of flood. As of 2010, the literacy ratio of rural women was just 34.2 percent. Moreover, 50 percent of females are married before the age of 20 and this factor is responsible for higher fertility rate (4.1) in rural areas. These ladies experience severe risks during their pregnancies. As of 2010, maternal mortality rate in rural areas was 319/100000 live births. Under cultural traditions of the country females have to stay at camps for around the clock. Most of the camps are unhygienic and overcrowded without spare space for feeding mothers. Anemic pregnant women and feeding mothers face the problem of malnutrition and food shortages. Wash rooms and toilets are insufficient, unsanitary and insecure and are one of the major causes of sexual assaults at camps.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131307263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Has the Root Cause of Health Issues during Floods been Over-looked andMismanagement? With Special reference to July-August 2010 Flood","authors":"Syed Iazaz Ahmad Bukhari, S. Rizvi","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000139","url":null,"abstract":"Major floods in Pakistan have always complicated the situation with serious health issues. As flood affected people have been directly in contact with flood waters, so, suffer from skin diseases- dermatitis, fungal infections, skin allergies and scabies- they also suffer from diarrheal diseases and doctors normally treat diarrheal patients as cholera patients. Respiratory diseases – upper and lower respiratory tract infections-are also common during flood. Floods also bring about wounds- Puncture wounds- and injuries, during 2010 flood from overall the country 2,697 injured people are on records. The flood affected people also suffered from gastric complaints and the bites of harmful creatures like snake. Infants and children with weaker immunity system are prone to diseases - measles, cholera and malaria-. Floods always bring with them problems for the female. During 2010 Pakistan floods Care International treated 5424 patients of which 1682 were women.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127180601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Ionospheric precursors related to an earthquake (M=7.8) of 16April, 2013 using GPS-TEC measurements: Case study","authors":"D. Pundhir, Birbal Singh, O. P. Singh, S. Gupta","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000137","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, we analyze the GPS-TEC data which observed at Agra station, India (27.2o N, 78o E) and also see the diurnal variations of global ionospheric maps (GIMs) TEC data over the epicenter of this earthquake (M=7.8) in Pakistan region for the month of April, 2013. We use a statistical technique for the analysis of data and identify the significant precursors using 3σ criterion. These precursors are found in form of enhancements on different days in the interval of 5-7 days prior to the earthquake. We also see the effect of geomagnetic storm and solar activity on TEC data and found no anomaly associated with them.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116014919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flooding and Flood Risk Reduction in Nigeria: Cardinal Gaps","authors":"Nkwunonwo Uc, W. Malcolm, Baily Brian","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000136","url":null,"abstract":"This study reflects on critical issue relating to flooding in Nigeria such as causes, impacts and remedies. Flooding which arguably has been more damaging for Nigeria has worsened recently due to a number of possible factors including rapid population growth, urbanization, poor urban planning and climate change especially in increased frequency and intensity of rainfall. Attempts to tackle the hazard in Nigeria appear to be limited by lack of flood data and other remote causes which are yet to be identified. In view of this background, the present study reviews the widespread flooding in Nigeria and efforts to tackle it. Over the period 1985 to 2014, flooding in Nigeria has affected more than 11 million lives with a total of 1100 deaths and property damage exceeding US$17 billion. Lagos state has experienced most of the floods while more frequent floods are recorded in Niger, Adamawa, Oyo, Kano and Jigawa states possibly due to the influence of rivers Niger, Benue, Ogun and Hadeja. It is argued that more robust and scientific approaches to flood risk reduction such as: flood modeling and vulnerability assessment are lacking. To align the focus of flood risk reduction in Nigeria with the objectives of such a task in more developed countries (such as the United States, United Kingdom and the Netherlands) which is among three fundamental issues to be addressed in Nigeria, the present study makes pivotal recommendations.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134075709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of Structural Approaches for Spatially-Explicit Hazards and Vulnerability Research","authors":"R. Dezzani, T. Frazier","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000E117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000E117","url":null,"abstract":"Since the decade of the 1980s, the rise of post-modern and poststructuralist approaches to social research have come to dominate academic thinking about human behavior. As a result of these perspective choices, contingency and agency at the scale of the individual have motivated the majority of research focused on individuals and small group interest and experience at the expense of “systems” and structures at the scale of cities, regions and larger geographical expanses of interest. This has resulted in a theoretical framework of perceptual relativism directed from the largest scale of the effects chain. This phenomenological-based research agenda has developed over the decades with a mixed blessing of perspective benefits but also theoretical and analytical deficits. The purpose of this editorial is not to provide criticism of the poststructuralist perspective but to offer a joint perspective through the mechanism of cross-scale analysis which can make effective use of structural approaches. This serves as a “not only ...but also” scenario as suggested by Trevor Barnes for incorporating rigorous quantitative analysis with theoretical approaches not usually perceived as being intrinsically quantitative [1].","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127351476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Urban Geography: Urban Sustainability A Case Study: Portland, Oregon Urban Growth Boundaries (Transportation, Political, and Economic Impacts)","authors":"Andrew Sauerwin","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000138","url":null,"abstract":"This research topic will provide an investigation in some areas on how urban growth boundaries have affected the city of Portland, Oregon, and its contributions to infill development in the region. The focus will be informative by defining what an urban growth boundary is, its purpose, what the implications are, and what some of the economic impacts are. Urban growth boundaries (UGBs) are organized through public policy in order to combat the issue of urban sprawl in suburban areas around densely populated cities. The idea is to allow protection of the environment surrounding a regional boundary, and help with infill development within central business districts and other locations. Infill development is the redevelopment of brownfield sites in an urban setting that allows the distribution of economic resources and population to cycle through time. Some analysis will explain the effects on property values by land use zoning caused by the urban growth boundary. Urban sustainability has been a growing issue since the latter part of the 1900s from the 50s to the present. This research project can provide one of the many alternatives in accomplishing sustainability in an urban area. It provides an analysis of the behavioral, economic, and political impact of the UGBs on the region. This is a prime example of efforts being made, while providing results to support decisions, and the theory. Since the implications are not directly related to just one entity, they can provide insight in other areas on how the UGB has reduced automobile usage, catered to the pedestrian, and enhanced the quality of life for citizens in an urban environment. Sources that may be referred to will be academic journals and articles, of which are solely based on the concept of smart growth planning, urban growth boundaries and development behavior and commuting, and land use policy. All sources will be provided by EBSCO Host, the Sustainable Urban Development Reader, and Science Direct. These will be referenced to help provide a better understanding on why UGBs are beneficial to a possible sustainable future, while explaining the positive and negative implications.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123644611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatially- Explicit Structural Approaches to Measuring Hazard/Risk Assessment, Vulnerability and Resilience","authors":"Y. Ghemras, S. Abela","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000133","url":null,"abstract":"This paper recalls approaches to measuring the most important and ranked elements when it comes up to a potential loss from environmental, economical, and social events. Those elements are stated as follows: hazard, risk assessment, vulnerability and resilience. The hazard profile includes the frequency of the hazard event occurring. The risk assessment is the estimating Hazard Losses. The vulnerability is related to harm in physical entities. The concept of resilience falls up into the capacity of a given system to absorb changes. The inter-connectivity between these three concepts provides an actual framework that measures the risks assessment level of hazards on vulnerable structures, based on maintaining its main characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the risk, vulnerability, and resilience; to implement an adequate scheme for upcoming construction projects, and anticipate future disasters.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126756993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption of Family Planning Measures among Couples in New Heaven Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"Ezem Bu, Okeke Aa","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000132","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the adoption of family planning measures among couples in New-Heaven, Enugu state. The sample consisted of hundred and fifty respondents randomly selected from ten streets in New Heaven. The methods used in the collection of data were questionnaires, interviews and direct observation. The secondary sources of data include; published and unpublished materials such as books, journals, news papers and workshops held in different parts of the world. In analyzing the data collected from the field, the Chi-square statistical method was used. Other forms of data analysis included the following; the use of simple percentages, tables and charts. From the analysis of data collected, it was discovered that distance to clinics significantly affects the adoption of family planning measures among couples in New Heaven, Enugu State, Nigeria. It was also observed that the standard of education, cultural background, age and occupation etc, affected respondents choice on the effective adoption of family planning techniques. These also affected the acceptance and rejection of birth control measures.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"128 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114139885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Climate Change Adaptation Strategies: AStudy with Special Reference to North-Western India","authors":"Vinod Kumar","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000131","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has become most critical issue at the global level, regional and local level to such an extent that climate change is considered as a gravest challenge for the mankind in the present century. No person, no country or no region of the world is immune to climatic changes. Past global efforts at dealing with the problem of global warming (which is most evident form of climate change) concentrated on mitigation, with the aim of reducing and possibly stabilizing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere. As stabilisation of GHG’s primarily depend upon changes in technology, discovery of new and less polluting fuels and with awareness in human behaviour towards mother earth. And all these changes are slow in nature, that’s why adaptation is seen as viable option in reducing the vulnerability to anticipated negative impacts of global warming. Now, at the global level it is increasingly realised that mitigation and adaptation should be perused complement to each other. However, increasing integrating mitigation and adaptation strategies in terms of climate changes are not completely new idea in India and especially in north-western India. This region is characterised by severe and frequent droughts from centuries. And given the rich cultural values of north-western region, local population through their indigenous knowledge systems, have developed a unique from of skills to reduce their vulnerability to variability in local climate. However, this knowledge is rarely taken into consideration in the design and adaptation of modern mitigation and adaptation strategies. This paper is an attempt to highlight some indigenous mitigation and adaptation skills that have been praticesed in North-western India. Paper also attempts to put forward arguments for integrating indigenous knowledge into formal climate change and mitigation strategies.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124476820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}