Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters最新文献

{"title":"Spatial Flood Potential Mapping (SFPM) with Flood Probability and Exposure Indicators of Flood Vulnerability: Case Study Former Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal, India","authors":"M. Das, A. Chattopadhyay, R. Basu","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000210","url":null,"abstract":"Flood is an annual event in the district of Jalpaiguri. Almost all the administrative blocks of the district are more or less flood prone. Like the administrative blocks almost all the rivers in the district are also flood prone. Due to this every river has certain flood level as well as danger level to observed the flood situation in the area. Following the past observation of flood level crossed by the river the probability of current event can be obtained. In this paper the authors are tried to show the spatial distribution of flood potential in the district with the help of probability analysis of flood event of individual rivers and exposure indicator score of the adjacent area. Here probability explains number of chance of flood in Individual River and exposure indications explain how much the area is exposed to flooding. The mapping is based on spatial flood potential index (SFPI).","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129718291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaster Risk Management Systems in South Asia: Natural Hazards,Vulnerability, Disaster Risk and Legislative and Institutional Frameworks","authors":"Shesh Kanta Kafle","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000207","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the disaster risk reduction and management systems and its challenges in the countries of South Asia Region. All the member states of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) are highly prone to hydro-meteorological and geological hazards such as floods, landslides, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes, heat waves, avalanches and tsunamis. Economic vulnerability analysis shows that India, Pakistan and Bangladesh exhibit the largest losses, which is due to large exposure at risk and the high level of hazards. Poverty, exposed population and lack of preparedness can be attributed to the vulnerability to the disasters caused by natural hazards. Bangladesh and India have the highest Multiple Mortality Risk Index (MMRI) whereas Maldives and Bhutan have the least. Although Maldives has the lowest MMRI based on the past disaster losses, the country has the high risk of tsunami, floods and potential risk of sea level rise mainly due to climate change. Urbanization, environmental degradation and lack of strong governance are exacerbating the vulnerabilities in most of the countries in South Asia. Political instability, border disputes, ineffective regional networks and climate change are triggering the hazard impacts. The occurrence and impact of disasters due to natural hazards are not confined to a country's political boundary. Floods, earthquakes, forest fires and volcanoes have significant cross border impacts. Some examples of crossborder impacts of disasters include Koshi flooding in South Asia (2008), Kashmir earthquake (2005), Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004), and recurrent tropical cyclones in Bangladesh and India. Good governance, regional stability, economic prosperity and sound environmental management are required to have minimum impacts of a disaster. After the 2005 Kobe conference, many efforts have been initiated in line with the resilient building of the state in the SAARC region; however, there exists a huge gap in its implementation. For this, a sound disaster risk management system together with the strong coordination among the disaster risk management actors in the countries should prevail to augment the capacity building of the community and institutions and build their resilience capabilities.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131113541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide Environment in Pakistan after the Earthquake-2005: Information Revisited to Develop Safety Guidelines for Minimizing Future Impacts","authors":"Shahina Tariq, C. Gomes","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000206","url":null,"abstract":"The 2005 earthquake in Pakistan engraved one of the worst natural hazards in the history of mankind. The mass destruction caused by nature in several parts of Azad Jammu Kashmir is revisited to assess the public impact. Several visits were paid to the most affected areas of the region, especially Muzaffarabad, to collect data on debris flow patterns, loss of vegetation, instability of the surface structure and buildings, impacts on social structure etc. Influences of pre-slide activities, both natural and man-made, on the pattern of landslides and triggering factors were investigated. The major landslide catastrophe that took place in Attabad in January 2010 was discussed as a case study. Attempts were made to correlate observations elsewhere with collected data, pertinent to 2005 earthquake in Pakistan with the objective of proposing safety guidelines to prevent or at least minimize such human catastrophes in the future, in the case of such an event.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133439638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Elevation be Associated with the 2011 Joplin, Missouri, Tornado Fatalities? An Empirical Study","authors":"Mitchel Stimers, B. Paul","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000202","url":null,"abstract":"The 2011 Joplin, MO, USA, tornado set a record in terms of the number of lives lost-no other tornado in the United States had killed as many as 161 people since 1950. There are many stochastic parameters that can affect the speed, direction, and magnitude of a tornado and it is thought that elevation may play a role in tornado intensity. The Joplin tornado created a track whose elevation was approximately 50 m from beginning to end, providing the impetus to examine whether or not the elevation change over the damage path tornado is associated with fatalities that resulted from the event. Using data collected from various sources, and the application of GIS as well as non-parametric statistics, we reveal that the elevation and tornado fatalities are inversely related, however; the relationship is not statistically significant, the reasons for which are discussed.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129538232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Geopolitical Influence Based on Climate Change","authors":"Chufu Mou, Limao Wang, Yebing Fang, Qiushi Qu, Yan Yang","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000201","url":null,"abstract":"Based on domestic and international research on geopolitical influence, this study constructed an evaluation model that analyzed the factors of hard power, soft power, and climate change on geopolitical influence. After selecting indexes for each of these elements, a Factor Analysis was used to calculate the geopolitical influence of 30 countries, accounting for the impact of climate change influence. The results showed: 1. Climate change has an impact on the shifting landscape of geopolitical influence, but shifts in global power can still be largely related to preexisting factors of influence. 2. There are obvious differences in the degrees of influence among the 30 surveyed countries, and these differences can be divided into four levels. 3. Members in the three climate negotiating groups also have their own hierarchies of influence; for instance, EU countries have three distinct levels, and members in the Umbrella Group vary greatly, as does their stance on climate change. This is even more true for states that are members of the G77 and China group.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130935371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide Hazard around Mussoorie: The Lesser Himalayan Tourist Destination of Uttarakhand, India","authors":"Sushil Kh","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000200","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of hazard prone areas and regulation of developmental initiatives in these is the key to disaster risk reduction. Slope instability is the most common hazard in all hilly areas and inherent fragility of the terrain makes Himalayan region all the more susceptible to landslides. Landslide hazard evaluation factor rating scheme is utilized for delineating areas prone to slope instability in the proximity of Mussoorie that is a major tourist destination of Uttarakhand in India. Of the 58 Sq. km area taken up under the study 18.4, 12.5 and 1.0 Sq. km. respectively fall under moderate, high and very high landslide hazard class. Detailed stability assessment is therefore recommended for developmental initiatives in moderate hazard class while regulating anthropogenic intervention is recommended in both high and very hazard classes.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114717283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of Environmental-resources Base for the Development and Well-being in Eritrea: A Case Study of Adi Keih Subzone","authors":"M. N. Hoda, Z. Siddiqui","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000199","url":null,"abstract":"People in developing countries are most part agrarian and pastoral folk. They heavily rely on the bio-mass-based subsistence economies around them. The rural folk eke out a living from products obtained directly from plants and animals. This is particularly significant for marginal groups, who tend to rely more directly on their environment for survival. In this research paper researchers have tried to assess environmental resource base in Adi Keih subzone of Zoba Dobub (Eritrea) and their effects on the well-being and development of the people. Study is based on both primary and secondary sources of information. Study reveals that current available resource-base in the study region is impoverished. Only 10% of the area has potentiality for the farming activities. Among them 80% are poor quality agricultural lands. Farming activity supports only 1/3 of household income. In totality immediate environment supports merely average 50% of household income requirements. This problem has compounded due to environmental degradation. The study highlights micro level relationship between environmental degradation, and resulting in poverty.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124140112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of IRS1D-LISS-III and Landsat 8-OLI Images for Mapping in Maroon Riparian Forest, Iran","authors":"M. Firoozynejad, Torahi Aa","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000198","url":null,"abstract":"In order to compare the mapping by IRS1D-LISSIII and Landsat 8-OLI data in Riparian forest of Maroon Behbahan of Iran, the small window of panchromatic and multispectral images of IRS1D-LISSIII, and Landsat 8-OLI satellites data have been selected at Maroon riparian forest. Quality of data and radiometric error has been checked. Using 25 ground control points, geometric correction, whose accuracy was less than 5.0 pixels, has been implemented. Classification of images has been performed by supervised method using Maximum Likelihood and SVM algorithms for seven classes on the original bands. Moreover, Jeffreys-Matusita Method has been employed in order to test the separability of classes. Considering to the results, it can be concluded that IRS1D-LISS-III and Landsat 8-OLI data have suitable ability for mapping Maroon riparian forest as well as classification of forest to separate land use. Overall accuracy of classification obtained by OLI images and using SVM algorithm on original bands was 92/95. Furthermore, kappa coefficient was 0/85 percent which was the best result. In general, it should be notified that according to the presented study, OLI sensor can be considered as a more accurate method than LISS Ш in order to map Maroon riparian forests.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132262127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslides in Ghoin Valley District Poonch AJK","authors":"Samira Naqi","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000197","url":null,"abstract":"A number of landslide occurred in Ghoin valley when huge flood in 1992 hit the area. These landslides were complex and very sever and caused number of damages to house, land use and peoples of the area. There were number of slides reported each year in the Ghoin valley but among them two very important slides are discussing in this paper. Ghoin is an important valley eroded by Ghoin nala tributary of the Jhelum river. Geologically it is composed of Siwalik formation. In the valley the two main slides have been selected for study, Nariola-Androt and Soon slide.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126418867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaster Early Warning Systems in Nepal: Institutional and Operational Frameworks","authors":"Shesh Kanta Kafle","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000196","url":null,"abstract":"Early warning systems (EWS) are recognized in both the Hyogo Framework for Disaster Reduction (2005-2015) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030) as an important element of disaster risk reduction and hence to the achievement of sustainable development and sustainable livelihoods. An effective EWS enables the concerned authorities and at-risk communities to know about the hazards of the locality, community vulnerability and impending risk, warning messages, and building and mobilizing their response capability to reduce risks. The Government of Nepal has reported significant achievements in the development and implementation of EWS for floods, landslides, and Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF). However, this study shows that Early Warning systems have covered only a few hazards and location so far, and has not been able to cover all the four components of the effective community based early warning system. The absence of policy and legal frameworks has weakened the efforts of the establishment and strengthening of effective and functional early warning systems in the country. The response capacity building of communities is scattered and project-based. This paper outlines the status of EWS in Nepal, key gaps and challenges, and proposes a framework for a peoplecentred early warning system in the country.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122512910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}