Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters最新文献

{"title":"Advances and Challenges in Flash Flood Risk Assessment: A Review","authors":"K. Ali, Roshan M Bajracharyar, N. Raut","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000195","url":null,"abstract":"Flash floods are considered to be one the worst kind of hazard. They are characterized by their suddenness, rarity, small scale, heavy rain and peak discharge, unpredictable, fast and violent movement. It has severe effects on human society in the form life losses, damages to property, roads, communication and on natural settings. Advances in hydrology, meteorology, engineering, using of GIS and remote sensing still not able to increase real time forecast. Researchers from developed countries have stressed to more focus to improve very short time an effective early warning system with collaboration of local communities for flash flood risk supervision. The valid inputs from natural and social science can play a vital role in risk reduction. In the flood hazard risk assessment, the analysis of various morphometric parameters of river basins is very essential. Community based participatory flood hazard mapping provides an essential detail, such as inundation areas, depth information, evacuation centers and routes, critical facilities, communication channels, evacuation criteria, emergency kits and many other items needs for an evacuation in hazard maps. Vulnerability is based on numerous components such as internal (assesses coping capacity of people or systems) and external (exposure of people) side of vulnerability. Risk assessment consists of two main components such as hazard (related to source and pathways) and vulnerability (related to the receptor and consequences). Flood disaster-related risk has increasingly become a global concern, and its vulnerabilities related to changes in demography, socioeconomic conditions, unplanned settlements, environmental degradation, stress on natural resources and climate change.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132366374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mexican Raw-Materials Development: A Case Study","authors":"B. P. Popkin","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000194","url":null,"abstract":"For over 500 years, Mexico depended on foreign capital for its commercial capital-intensive raw materials development. Mexico still depends on international cooperation from foreign investors, managers, technologies, and markets. Cooperators include its northern, wealthy entrepreneurial U.S. and Canadian neighbors, its historical Spanish colonial masters, and more recently, more modest cooperators from European, Japanese and Chinese organizations. Raw materials were developed for local use, export, political and social reasons, resource independence, as well as investment. For the past 90 years, political and social reasons led Mexico to vacillate between resource nationalization and privatization. Sweeping government reforms in 2015 allow for private and international investment in its energy sector. This encourages more international cooperation.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122620215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) in Eco System Based Disaster Risk Reduction - Studies from Kerala State of India","authors":"Joice K. Joseph, A. Haridasan, Karunakaran Akhildev, Pradeep Kumar Ap","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000192","url":null,"abstract":"The correlation between ecosystem and disasters are widely documented but inadequately integrated in to disaster risk reduction initiatives and developmental programmes. The present work examines the scope of vetiver system as a natural solution for various environmental risk reduction activities. The Vetiver System (VS), which is based on the application of vetiver grass - a perennial grass of Indian origin (Vetiveria zizanioides L Nash, now reclassified as Chrysopogon zizanioides L Roberty), was first developed by the World Bank for soil and water conservation in the mid 1980s. It is a very simple, practical, inexpensive, low maintenance and incredibly efficient means of natural disaster reduction. The two case works in the study reported here documents the success of VS application in the state of Kerala in India and the implementation strategy for the vetiver system in the fields with the collaboration of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). The study also identifies the potential entry points of VS in the ecosystem based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR). Integrating local level disaster risk reduction activities in the national level programmes will ensure the sectoral integration in DRR initiatives. Vetiver system can very effectively be used as a cost effective and efficient Eco DRR technology that can address both long term and short term risk with ecosystem management.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123315970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Resilience Capability of Drought-prone Desert Communities: A Case Study of Tharparkar, Pakistan","authors":"Shesh Kanta Kafle","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000193","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to propose a mathematical index to measure the resilient capability of drought-prone desert communities in Tharparkar, Pakistan. The paper analyses the constructs and definitions of the term resilience, describes the concept and practical applications of the integrated programming approach, present key findings of the integrated vulnerability and capacity assessment at the community level and provides a unique method for measuring disaster resilient communities following the process and output indicators. Ten process and eight outcome standards with 50 and 94 resilience indicators respectively were applied to measure the resilience capability of the community. The overall resilience index of the community was 51%. The overall process value of the community was 56% whereas the outcome value was 45%. This method of resilience measurement can be used for comparing the resilience status of the communities, progress monitoring and impact evaluation of any disaster risk reduction and resilience building interventions. The research findings provide a unique method for measuring community resilience capability in any hazard prone areas. The overall resilience index is site and context specific and should not be loosely used. However, the overall method and the mathematical index can be widely applicable. The tool can be used for baseline survey, progress monitoring and final evaluation of a disaster risk reduction interventions at the community level and final evaluation. The tool is simple, participatory, less time and cost consuming and requires less sophisticated data for the calculation. A wide application of the tool in various hazards and different social-economic and cultural contexts is recommended","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131464229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Causes of Global Crisis","authors":"Branislav R. Tanasic","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000183","url":null,"abstract":"Modern world is greatly and rapidly changing. The conditions for life work and survival are the more difficult and complex. Overall, modern humanity is going through an extremely complicated process, ranging from the extremes of developed and landscaped socio-economic system to unstable countries and regions in frequent war conflicts. The increasing consumption of natural resources, fossil fuels, then the drinking water, air, and soil pollution, with the evident climate change, can only deepen and generate a crisis. It is generally known the difficulty, a clear threat. Knowledge and awareness of the planet's limited reserves directed to the use of the alternative energy sources. The question is what the vitally important resource is, and that these natural and anthropogenic incidents can cause major crises and disasters?","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133444678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Remote Sensing and Hydraulic Models to Identify Flood Prone Areas in Woybo River Catchment, South Western Ethiopia","authors":"Aschalew Fekadu, Daniel Teka, K. Teka","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000190","url":null,"abstract":"In line with Climate change rainfall seasonal fluctuation and rainfall amount have major impact on flood and becoming a trait to human life and properties especially on agriculture and different installation. Therefore estimating the runoff and identifying flood prone area at different return period is very essential for effective flood mitigation measure. One of the possible approaches for identifying flood prone area is use of integration of RS with hydraulic models (HECRAS). The present study area is of Woybo River catchment, south western Ethiopia, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM), 90 m resolution downloaded from united states geological survey, were used to extract the river geometry. Daily peak rainfall data from tow metrological stations (1990-2013), collected from national metrological agency, were used for estimating design rainfall and runoff for 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 return period. In HEC-RAS, river geometry, boundary conditions, manning’s n value of different land cover, designed runoff for different return periods were inputted then steady flow analysis was carried out. estimated design rainfall frequency showed expected peak rainfall were 63.2, 70.87, 80.57, 87.77, 94.91 and 102.02 mm and estimated design runoff were 378, 461, 568, 650.5, 733, and 817 m3/se. Steady analysis showed that water surface elevation in the longitudinal profile increase with increasing return period, Inundation area were 1727, 1788, 18560, 1905, 1950 and 1987 ha respectively. The study also suggested that flood prone areas were at the lower reach along the banks of the river extending to 50 m right and left. The finding has been used for planning and decision making in insuring that this areas are protected and limit the risk of damage occurring.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"180 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113987064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Farmersâ Perception of Climate Change and Variability and its Implication for Implementation of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices: the Case of Geze Gofa District, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"T. S. Saguye","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000191","url":null,"abstract":"Smallholder farmers are highly vulnerable to the impacts climate change, due to their dependence on agriculture for their livelihoods, reliance on rain-fed crops and location in marginal lands. Farmers have to perceive first that the climate has changed, and then identify effective and efficient climate change-smart agricultural practices climate and implement them. The main purpose of this study was to analyze factors determining the farming communities’ awareness of climate change and variability and it’s implication for implementation of climate change-smart farming practices. A multi stage sampling procedure followed to select sample respondent households and the total sample size of the study was 138 households. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. Primary data were collected by using semi-structured interview schedule, focus group discussion (FGDs) and key informant interviews. Logistic regression model was used to estimate household demographic, socio-economic, institutional and biophysical factors that determine the farmers’ perception of climate change and variability in the area. The results indicated that about 88.73% of farmers believe that temperature in the district had become warmer and over 90% were of the recognized that rainfall volume; pattern, distribution and timing had changed, resulting in increased frequency of drought. Though the majority of the responders perceived climate change only 62.56% of the total respondents’ implemented climate change-smart agricultural practices while the remaining 37.5% had not adapted any climate change-smart agricultural practices. This could imply that though perception is the frontline prerequisite sequentially for adoption of climate change-smart agricultural practices decisions, it is not cure-all alone. From the findings of the logistic analyses, the local socio-economic, institutional and agro-ecological and the information on weather and climate were significant in determining the likelihood of a good perception and knowledge of climate change and variability. To enhance rural farmers’ awareness and adoption of climate change adaptation techniques, more focus should therefore be given to socio-economic (farm experience, education and training, access to weather related information household size, wealth, land ownership) factors as suggested by model results. So, effective communication, active community involvement and considering socio-cultural factors such as religious practices and rituals could be areas of policy implication of the study.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134604741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geodynamic Zones as Receptors of Solar and Techno Pathogenic Influences on Living Systems: Possible Ways to Neutralize Biopathogenic Radiation","authors":"A. Pavlenko","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000188","url":null,"abstract":"There are an invisible hazards in the wireless age associated with mobile phones, monitors of personal computers, base stations for mobile phones, geopathic zones and others. The article that you are about to read may surprise you because it looks at problems whose origin is little known and which are rarely taken into account. These problems are real and it is logical to think that the recent and large-scale multiplication of antennas and wind turbines with their earthing in pathogenic zones induce fields which modify the natural equilibrium of the soil and have effects on the biosphere. The development of new technologies, such as wind turbines or antennas, such as mobile telephony, induce new forms of pollution that spread through soil faults and can have a negative impact on the health of humans and animals. In the article we share our experience which led us to understand the link between some of these installations and the disorders observed in humans or animals and then to propose ways to correct the situation. Device for detecting the state of ''physical vacuum'' is proposed.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121849981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Direct Effect of Climate Change on the Cereal Production in Tunisia: A Micro-spatial Panel Cointegration Analysis","authors":"Oussama Zouabi","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000189","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike previous studies, this paper, by employing a cointegration technique on panel data, economically investigates the direct effect of climate change on the cereal production in the long-term via a new cereal disaggregated databases covering the period 1979-2012 for 24 governorates in Tunisia within a multivariate panel framework. The Pedroni panel cointegration test indicates that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the considered variables with elasticity’s estimated positive and statistically significant in the long-run. The results generally confirm that in the long term there is a strong positive correlation between the cereal production and the direct effect of precipitation and temperature for the whole panel. At the micro-spatial level, results of the long-run equilibrium relationship show that the cereal production is extremely dependent on rainfall in most governorates of cereals producers, especially the Northwest region of Tunisia. In fact, there are several initiatives and policies that must be undertaken by Government in an attempt to improve the long term production of cereals in the most affected governorates by the phenomenon of climate change such as the development of several important and regionally-based institutions and cooperation, providing subsidies to farmers.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128738911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GIS Mapping of Tsunami Susceptibility: Case Study of the Karachi City in Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"B. Aslam, J. Muhammad, Muhammad Zi, A. Gulraiz, Q. Ia","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"The seaside region is a valuable zone that sustains many people and numerous bionetworks of biological and financial significance. Conversely, bionetworks and anthropological expenditures in seaside regions can be susceptible to regular catastrophes such as tsunamis. Around Pakistan, tectonic movement under the Indian Ocean has triggered numerous earthquakes and tsunamis. In this paper, we designate a GIS established multi-criteria examination of tsunami susceptibility for the city of Karachi in Sindh, Pakistan. We incorporate several geospatial variables of topographic elevation and slope, topographic relation to tsunami direction, coastal proximity, and coastal shape. We also incorporated proficient knowledge by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to build a weighting order for the geospatial variables. In command to scrutinize tsunami susceptibility in relation to land use, we overlaid a land-use map on the tsunami susceptibility map. Buildings as well as residential and agricultural areas were found to be particularly at risk in Karachi. GIS based studies can assist in an extensive range of disaster valuation and expedite local forecasting for management and vindication of natural disasters such as tsunamis. We expect that the tsunami susceptibility map offered here will back the introductory tsunami vindication and management efforts in the Karachi seaside area.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130008831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}