Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters最新文献_第3页

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Zarrineh-Rood River Morphology Using RS and GIS 基于RS和GIS的Zarrineh-Rood河流形态时空变化

Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters Pub Date : 2017-01-31 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0587.1000185

Ebrahim Brooshkeh, Reza Sokuti

{"title":"Temporal and Spatial Variations of Zarrineh-Rood River Morphology Using RS and GIS","authors":"Ebrahim Brooshkeh, Reza Sokuti","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of changes and their effects on the morphology of river bed and riverside lands is a necessity for river management. This study focuses to identify the trend of river morphological evolution and changes in the riverbed territory at the final 25-kilometer downstream section of the Zarrineh-rood River leading to Urmia Lake in West Azerbaijan during the last 50 years using aerial photos taken in 1955 and 1967, topography maps produced in 1996, and SPOT satellite images taken in 2011 with field survey. They were interpretated to 3 land types of sandy beaches, permanent riverbed and sandy barriers. Distinguished land type maps overlayd and compared using GIS ILWIS software. Surface area of land types, river meandering and sinusoidal coefficients were calculated and the trend of the river interpretated. Results showed that the area of the riverbed territory has reduced form 561.1 to 221.3 ha, and the riverbed morphology and the shape of river bends have evolved. From 1967 to 2011, natural features such as sand dunes inside the riverbed have reduced from 13.68 to 2.86 ha, which indicates high fluctuations of discharge and changes in hydrological and hydraulic conditions of the river. The number of meanders has decreased from 4 to 3 and the riverbed has become straighter and more arterial. Land types surface area of sandy beaches decreased from 503.66 to 140.78, permanent riverbed increased from 54.83 to 77.68 and Sand dune is almost stable. The sine coefficient of the river is about 1.5 that indicates river classified as meandering. Deposition plays a mail role in morphological changes. 60% reduction in the riverbed territory is alarming, and current riverbed with its sedimentation prone conditions will not be able to discharge floods with average and above average return period. The most effective factors in morphological changes are the changes in hydrological regime because of dam construction, reduction of runoff, and accumulation of sediment loads on the riverbed.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129398663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Naturalistic Decision-Making in Natural Disasters: An Overview 自然灾害中的自然主义决策:综述

Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters Pub Date : 2017-01-23 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0587.1000186

M. Bouafia, R. KhairiZahari

{"title":"Naturalistic Decision-Making in Natural Disasters: An Overview","authors":"M. Bouafia, R. KhairiZahari","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000186","url":null,"abstract":"Decision-making can take place in many settings: daily life problems, financial issues, health care matters or in emergencies and situations that require quick and high-risk decisions to be made. In natural or man-made disasters, the immediate decisions are crucial for effective mitigation and management. Thus, the Decision-makers during such situations must process a large amount of unreliable and incomplete information under sharp time restrictions and critical judgments are frequently made under pressure and high stake. The purpose of this paper is to present the decisionmaking process in real-life settings focusing on the recognition-primed model (RPD) in an attempt to understand how decisions are made in emergencies and natural disasters. Literature review was conducted and it was found that the dynamic behaviour of disasters requests the decision-makers to allocate resources and attention to collaboration and coordination. Decision-making, therefore, is a sensitive task of all management actors especially emergencies and disasters managers and the effective response to such calamities depends on how effective and timely are the decisions that have been made.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133672435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Delineating Deep Basement Faults in Eastern Dharwar Craton through Systematic Methods of Geophysics and Remote Sensing vis-ÃÂ -vis the Concerns of Moderate Seismicity 用系统的地球物理和遥感方法圈定达尔瓦克拉通东部深基底断裂——对中地震活动性的关注-ÃÂ

Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters Pub Date : 2017-01-06 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0587.1000184

A. M. Dar, S. Lasitha, Kaiser Bukhari, M. Yousuf

{"title":"Delineating Deep Basement Faults in Eastern Dharwar Craton through Systematic Methods of Geophysics and Remote Sensing vis-ÃÂ -vis the Concerns of Moderate Seismicity","authors":"A. M. Dar, S. Lasitha, Kaiser Bukhari, M. Yousuf","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000184","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to analyze the subsurface geological structures as well as the litho-contacts of the study area. An effort was made to analyze the Magnetic anomalies (TMI) as well as the Remote Sensing data for the eastern Dharwar craton to understand the setting of geological structures in the region. The analysis was placed according to the methods of Proton procession magnetometer surveys, Data Interpretations and filtering as well as the Remote Sensing skills. The magnetic susceptibility data understandings gave a considerable response towards the subsurface geology thereby indicating the moderate seismicity in Southern India by delineating underground faults. The exploration of the collected field data verified the assumptions of remote sensing towards the seismicity of the area. The study demonstrates the dominancy of hornblende-biotite-genesis, charnokite formation, and Epidotite-hornblendegneiss and small intrusive granitic/gneissic granites in the Tindivanum region of Tamilnadu. The significance of Geophysical ground magnetic surveys and effective processes of De-convolutions, Analytical signals, and Reduction to pole, Hilbert transformations etc. evidenced the efficiency of Ground magnetic and satellite data in structural variations especially for locating faults. The Geophysical ground magnetic surveys have varied its results from interpretations made to satellite magnetic data by a large extent. The study also emphasise the need of incorporated approaches of geophysics and remote sensing for seismic analysis and can be very handful in the modern science and technology.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127763568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Resettlement in New Environment and Its Impacts on Socio-Cultural Values of the Affecters: A Case Study of Tarbela Dam, Pakistan 新环境下移民安置及其对移民社会文化价值的影响——以巴基斯坦塔尔贝拉大坝为例

Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters Pub Date : 2016-12-30 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0587.S6-009

R. Azhar

{"title":"Resettlement in New Environment and Its Impacts on Socio-Cultural Values of the Affecters: A Case Study of Tarbela Dam, Pakistan","authors":"R. Azhar","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.S6-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.S6-009","url":null,"abstract":"Man has constructed large dams on rivers to have a continue supply of water for drinking, irrigation, power generation and flood control. Although these large projects have many positive impacts benefiting large population and national interests. However, there are many examples of the so called development that induced displacement of people and disruption of social network and local institutions. The present study was carried out to analyze the impacts of changing environment on the displaced communities of the Tarbela Dam. It assess the dynamic socio-economic constraints by evaluating affecter’s responses to the changes occurred in adopting new environment. Construction of the Dam adversely affected and dislocated the once stable socio-cultural fabric and values. As a result of dislocation local traditions and values are almost eliminated. Affecters still feel themselves misfit in new set up. The decision stated in point XII of the resettlement policy (village sites should be developed along the Periphery of the reservoir and elsewhere in Hazara in consultation with the affected people) was not strictly implemented as a result the affecters were dispersed and resettled on their own at different places in the districts of KPK and Punjab Provinces. Therefore, the present study has critically evaluated the above stated policy and tried to find out whether justice was done to these affected?","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"372 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132940963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Hazard and Risk Assessment in Electricity Sector: A Case of Swaziland Electricity Company 电力部门的危害与风险评估:以斯威士兰电力公司为例

Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters Pub Date : 2016-12-30 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0587.S6-006

Constance Sthembile Van Zuydam, S. Moja, F. Mphephu

{"title":"Hazard and Risk Assessment in Electricity Sector: A Case of Swaziland Electricity Company","authors":"Constance Sthembile Van Zuydam, S. Moja, F. Mphephu","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.S6-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.S6-006","url":null,"abstract":"The provision of safe, reliable and affordable power supply is one of the most important cornerstones for economic development. The risks range from minor to major risks such serious body injuries to fatalities; some of which have a cascading effect to dependents of the affected. Hence, electricity operations as well as its utilization are considered to be high risk. The focus of this paper is to identify the hazards and risks associated with the various processes involved in each step and suggest possible measures to control the identified risks. The Swaziland Electricity Company (SEC) was used as a case study wherein the company’s generation, transmission and distribution capabilities were audited. The top three significant hazards identified included; exposure to live wires, road hazards and the use of uncertified/serviced/ defective/wrong equipment and/or machinery. The distribution department was observed to have the most hazards and fatalities when compared to the other departments. This work determined hazards associated with the electricity sector and developed a simplified tool for hazard identification which can be used by other sectors. The data obtained in the hazard registers will act as baseline information for other electricity utilities wishing to implement health and safety systems. The study provides information on currently used control measures and proposes additional measures that could help improve the safety performance of Swaziland Electricity Company and facilities of similar kind.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132019046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

An Assessment of the Influence of Earthquake Duration in Inducing Landslides 地震持续时间对诱发滑坡影响的评价

Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters Pub Date : 2016-12-30 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0587.S6-007

D. Moses, N. Türk

{"title":"An Assessment of the Influence of Earthquake Duration in Inducing Landslides","authors":"D. Moses, N. Türk","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.S6-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.S6-007","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquake duration is a complex natural phenomenon associated with the sudden energy release induced by fault rupture. The shaking during an earthquake is a result of the primary, secondary and surface waves. This study is aimed at establishing the relationship between earthquake duration and other seismic parameters: magnitude, peak ground acceleration, focal distance, fault length in relation to landslides generated by the major earthquakes. To achieve this objective, we made an intensive review of published data on major earthquakes (Mw ≥ 6.6) that generated landslides between 1998 and 2015 in the world. The results reveal that magnitude, focal length and focal depth times fault length are strong determinants of earthquake duration. However, it is noted that peak ground acceleration (PGA) and focal depth do not necessarily determine the duration of earthquake shaking. It is also observed that duration of an earthquake is moderately correlated to area affected by earthquake induced landslides. Additionally, much as the number of landslides produced during and/or after an earthquake does not necessarily augment with increasing duration majority of the investigated major earthquakes that produced great damage, with respect to landslides, were noticed to have lasted for not more than 60 seconds.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127157296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Landscape Patterns of Burn Severity in the Soberanes Fire of 2016 2016年Soberanes火灾中烧伤严重程度的景观模式

Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters Pub Date : 2016-12-02 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0587.S6-005

C. Potter

{"title":"Landscape Patterns of Burn Severity in the Soberanes Fire of 2016","authors":"C. Potter","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.S6-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.S6-005","url":null,"abstract":"The Soberanes Fire started on July 22, 2016 in Monterey County on the California Central Coast from an illegal campfire. This disastrous fire burned for 10 weeks at a record cost of more than $208 million for protection and control. A progressive analysis of the normalized burn ratio from the Landsat satellite showed that the final high burn severity (HBS) area for the Soberanes Fire comprised 22% of the total area burned, whereas final moderate burn severity (MBS) area comprised about 10% of the total area burned of approximately 53,470 ha (132,130 acres). The resulting landscape pattern of burn severity classes from the 2016 Soberanes Fire revealed that the majority of HBS area was located in the elevation zone between 500 and 1000 m, in the slope zone between 15% and 30%, or on south-facing aspects. The total edge length of HBS areas nearly doubled over the course of the event, indicating a gradually increasing landscape complexity pattern for this fire. The perimeter-to-area ratio for HBS patches decreased by just 3% over the course of the fire, while the HBS clumpiness metric remained nearly constant at a relatively high aggregation value. Weather conditions during the Soberanes Fires showed maximum daily temperatures exceeding 30°C on seven different days (including the date of ignition), which puts the HBS to total area burned of this 2016 event near the expected percentage for large wildfires on the California central coast since the 1980s.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129187794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Regional Distribution of Allergic Tree Pollen in Japan 日本过敏性树花粉的区域分布

Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters Pub Date : 2016-11-14 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0587.S6-003

R. Kishikawa, E. Koto, Chie Oshikawa, A. Saito, N. Sahashi, N. Soh, T. Yokoyama, T. Enomoto, A. Usami, T. Imai, Koji Murayama, Y. Fukutomi, M. Taniguchi, T. Shimoda, T. Iwanaga

引用次数: 3

Mapping the Glacial-Geomorphological Landforms in East Liddar Valley, NW Himalaya Kashmir India 印度西北喜马拉雅-克什米尔地区东利达尔河谷冰川地貌的测绘

Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters Pub Date : 2016-11-14 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0587.S6-004

Suhail A. Lone

引用次数: 1

Impact of Industrial Activities on Land Surface Temperature Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques - A Case Study in Jubail, Saudi Arabia 利用遥感和GIS技术研究工业活动对地表温度的影响——以沙特阿拉伯朱拜勒为例

Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters Pub Date : 2016-11-04 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0587.S6-002

Abdelnasser Rashash Ali, E. Mohammed

{"title":"Impact of Industrial Activities on Land Surface Temperature Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques - A Case Study in Jubail, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abdelnasser Rashash Ali, E. Mohammed","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.S6-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.S6-002","url":null,"abstract":"Land Surface temperature (LST) is one of the most important variables for determining the state within the climate system. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing used to monitor air temperature and affecting microclimate in urban areas. TIR remote sensing techniques have been applied for analyzing LST patterns and its relationship with surface characteristics, assessing urban heat island (UHI), and relating LST with surface energy fluxes to characterize landscape properties and processes. In the present study, a remote sensing was combined with a geographic information system (GIS) environment for determine the impact of industrial areas on Surface Temperature using of TIR Remote Sensing through Landsat ETM+ data (band 6.1) and comparing the relationships between urban surface temperature and land cover types in Jubail City in Saudi Arabia. The study showed the increase of urban surface temperature near the industrial area in comparison with suburban areas. The center of the heat island was concentrated above the industrial area and its adjacent urban areas. Iron and steel factories raise the temperature to 80°C which affects air temperature of nearby areas. This effect may extend to the buffer zone area ranging from 500-2000 m","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114438206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6