Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the Accuracy of Tornado Watches across the Contiguous United States from 2007-2015","authors":"Gutter Bf, Brown Me","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.S6-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.S6-001","url":null,"abstract":"During 2007-2015, a total of 2,359 tornado watches were issued by the Storm Prediction Center and 10,840 tornadoes were confirmed. The highest concentration of tornado watches occurred in Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Arkansas. Tornado watches are issued when conditions are favorable for the development of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes over a larger-scale region. This study analyzed the accuracy of tornado watches for the nine year period of 2007-2015. In addition to accuracy, fatalities, lead times and valid watch times were calculated for each tornado watch. 58.80% of the tornado watches had at least one tornado inside the tornado watch and 27.43% had at least one tornado outside the tornado watch. Of the 10,840 tornadoes, 56.70% were inside a tornado watch, 9.69% were outside a tornado watch, and 33.62% occurred when there was no tornado watch in effect. The average valid time for a tornado watch was 6 hours and 50 minutes and the average lead time for a tornado was 2 hours and 8 minutes. Tornado watches are designed to alert the public to the potential threat to life and property, a mission of the National Weather Service. This study demonstrates the difficulty of accurately forecasting tornadoes, both spatially and temporally, as well as the significance of preparedness and mitigation strategies. It should be noted that the accuracy of tornado watches were analyzed, not the effectiveness of tornado watches.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130373196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Climate Change on Fagaceae Airborne Pollen in Japan as Allergic Causative Agent Associated with Food Allergy","authors":"R. Kishikawa, T. Yokoyama, N. Sahashi, E. Koto, Chie Oshikawa, N. Soh, A. Saito, T. Enomoto, T. Imai, Koji Murayama, Y. Fukutomi, M. Taniguchi, T. Shimoda, T. Iwanaga","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000182","url":null,"abstract":"Rational: It is no exaggeration to say that Japanese allergic people has increased according to the increase of Japanese Cedar (JC) pollinosis since the first case report, 1964. In Japan allergenic conifer airborne pollen counts have been increasing with a concomitant change in the start of pollination as a result of climate change during about 30 years. We also investigated as if Fagaceae pollen counts have been affected on climate change. In Japan patients with Fagaceae pollinosis is not so clear although this vegetation distributed almost all of Japan Island. Fagaceae pollen antigen has cross-reactivity to Betula (birch) pollen antigen observed in north part of Japan. Especially in Hokkaido district, a lot of patients with birch pollen have rhinoconjunctivitis and pollen related food allergy, oral allergy syndrome (OAS). In order to analyze and ameliorate the suffering of those with pollinosis, we have estimated the correlation between the Fagaceae pollen counts and meteorological conditions affecting those counts and we will inform the tendency of the pollen disperse for prevent and treatment against Fagaceae pollinosis. Method: There are institutions in fifteen locations monitoring airborne pollen by Durham sampler in Japan between the latitude of 30 to 40 degrees north. At each institute daily airborne pollen samples were collected including holidays and sent to our hospital. We counted pollen grains per cm2 through 100 to 400-power microscopes, classifying and summarizing them. From 1986 to 2014 we have referred to the change in monthly mean temperature, humidity, total monthly sunshine duration and amount of global solar radiation at the close to 9 of the pollen monitoring locations by the Meteorological Agency open data. Result: Fagaceae pollen counts have not shown annual fluctuation compared to conifer but have increased gradually. Only total monthly sunshine duration before the pollination in March has a weak significant correlation with Fagaceae pollen counts (r=0.4~0.53, p<0.05) only in some cities. The start of pollination season has been earlier except north of Japan and correlated with March/April mean temperature significantly with the prolongation of pollination season. Conclusion: Fagaceae pollen counts in Japan have been increasing and in the south of Japan Island the pollination season has prolonged during about 30 years climate change. In near future patients with Fagaceae pollinosis will increase in the southern part of Japan and birch/alder pollinosis with oral allergy syndrome will exacerbate during Fagaceae pollination season. We will inform Fagaceae pollen allergen is important for Japanese allergic people from aerobiology site.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117064275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real Time Monitoring for Diagnosis and Prevention of Extreme Rainfall Events: An Application to Intense Rainfalls on the Coastal City of Naples,Italy","authors":"Tranfaglia Giuseppe, B. Giovanni, Monacelli Giuseppina, Biafore Mauro, P. Sabina, Mazzarella Adriano","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000180","url":null,"abstract":"The rainfall monitoring network of the Naples Department of Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (NDHOS) was inadequate to measure the alluvial event occurred at Sarno on 5 May 1998, when a low rainfall amount of 101 mm was considered responsible for a dramatic landslide. To improve the measuring capability of this network, 50 new monitoring stations were later on added and located in such a way to increase significantly the fractal dimension of their areal distribution. The enlargement of the network allowed the correct measurement of the extreme event occurred in Naples on 15 September 2001. The paper reports also the risk of landslide phenomena (not catastrophic but however not negligible) inside the metropolitan area of Naples, frequently subjected to rock falls and to collapse of underground cavities.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126516355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method for Burned Forest Biomass Estimation at Subcompartment Level Using GF-1 images and GIS Datasets","authors":"X. Qin, Lingyu Ying, Guifen Sun, Xiaofeng Zu","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"To estimate the burned biomass and get the burned fuel types information by forest fire for the need of Chinese forestry management, basing on the fuel load from digital reference data, the combustion factor gotten from fieldwork, and the results of burned scar mapping by using the No.1 High-Resolution satellite (GF-1) of Chinese, the burned biomass estimation method at the subcompartment level has been developed using satellite images and Geography datasets. The method has been validated by the selected forest fire, which had taken place in Huangcaobai of Anning City, Yunnan province in year 2012.The total burned biomass is about 1.18 × 108 kg by using the panchromatic and multispectral scanners (PMS) image of GF-1; however, it is about 1.11 × 108 kg by using the Wide Coverage Image (WFV) of GF-1. The difference between them is 7.10 × 106 kg. This study also supplies a method for the single forest fire case when the fire radiative power (FRP) or fire radiative energy (FRE) of detected active fire points by using sparse low spatial resolution satellite images doesn’t satisfied the condition of Power Law distribution or Gaissian function.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115658794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracting the Glacial - Geomorphological Landforms in West Liddar (NW) Himalayas Kashmir India","authors":"Suhail A. Lone, Altaf Lone, O. Paul, K. Omar","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000179","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a glacial geomorphological map of landforms produced by different glaciers in west liddar during the past. The map has been created as the necessary precursor for an improved understanding of the glacial history of the region, and to strengthen a programme of dating glacial limits in the region. The map was produced using Landsat TM, ASTER DEM, Google Earth TM imagery and field validation. The different landforms which were mapped include: lateral moraines, terminal moraines, proglacial lakes, palaeo-cirques, erratic boulders, outwash plains, whale backs, glacial grooves, rochee mountanee, drumlins, glacial striations, hanging valleys debris/talus cones, subglacial material. Glacio-Geomorphological features are very significant for palaeo-climatic reconstruction, showing variations, temporally and spatially. At the same time these landforms, which are also altered by processes prevailing during interglacial period, helps in geo-environment studies.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129661470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographic Relief, Wind Direction, and Conservation Management Decisions Influence Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill Population Damage during Tropical Cyclone","authors":"T. Marler, J. H. Lawrence, Gil N. Cruz","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000178","url":null,"abstract":"Typhoon Dolphin damaged forest resources in northern Guam on 15 May 2015, and we assessed the responses of the native tree Cycas micronesica to the destructive winds. We compared the damage to that of previous typhoons, evaluated topographic traits that affected tree damage, and assessed the influence of prior management decisions for in situ conservation plots on damage. Snapping of stems near the ground was greater in this typhoon than in past typhoons, confirming predictions that chronic infestations of non-native insect herbivores compromised the biomechanical integrity of stem tissue. Tree failure as snapping of stems or uprooting/toppling increased from 1% to 23% along an elevation gradient that faced windward, indicating orographic lifting increased wind force and mediated the tree response. Two years of conservation management within in situ plots reduced tree damage and saved up to 16% of the population, depending on site. Case studies such as this one are needed to more fully understand future impacts of increased frequency of intense TCs that are predicted with climate change models.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130591431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infill Development: an Approach to the Optimal and Intelligent Development of Cities - Case Study: Zone 8 of Tabriz","authors":"M. Razavian, R. Samadi","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000177","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important issues in the development of modern cities is the dispersed and horizontal expansion of cities. Due to a substantial effect of the form of a city on its stability, it is necessary to know study and understand its different dimensions and guide it to achieve sustainable development. Thus, infill development that is the simplest interpretation of urban endogenous development is considered as one of the urban smart growth strategies. Focusing on the vacant and abandoned lands in cities, infill development tries to load development on these lands. This study aimed to use infill development approach to achieve future development of Zone 8 of Tabriz and identify its potentials, in which several indicators have been used including quality of buildings, access and permeability, compressibility and granularity. In order to determine the final capacity of development and the effect of each indicator, the indicators were weighted by analytic network process (ANP) approach. The results of the study indicated that 38 hectares of the area under study had very high potential of development that accounted for 12.14%. Therefore, Zone 8 of Tabriz has much potential in the infill development. It could be said that half of the total area within the study area is prone to the internal development that requires formulating a suitable planning based on the principles of smart growth.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125942691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Climate Risk Control of Sustainability and Resilience for Infrastructure Systems","authors":"B. Ayyub, R. Wright","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000E118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000E118","url":null,"abstract":"Resilience and sustainability as system characteristics are necessary for societal endurance and survival. Enhancing them at the element, network, community, etc. levels could lead to not only massive savings through efficiencies but also through risk reduction and expeditious recovery in case of disasters. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by practical and fundamental resilience and sustainability metrics. This paper contrasts resilience and sustainability and discusses a research need to concurrently address and manage them using a dynamic risk control framework.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114297889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of GIS Based Morphometric Parameters and Hydrological Changes in Parbati River Basin, Himachal Pradesh, India","authors":"S. Biswas","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000175","url":null,"abstract":"Morphometric analysis, including the aspects such as linear, aerial and relief aspects of the Parbati River basin has been done with the help of remote sensing and GIS techniques. Strahler's method of stream ordering is used for all stream related calculations. The river basin is designated as 6th order basin, and 1st order streams are mostly dominating the basin, and moderate drainage density indicates that weak subsurface material and belongs to medium texture. The study reveals that the basin has an oval to less elongated shape and associated with steep ground slopes. The ranges of Rb are high as mean Rb of the basin is 4.582, and it has been characterized by the influences of underlying structures and lithology. Relief ratio having a value of 0.073 indicates this basin is composed of resistant rocks, and the basin is under intense relief and steep slope. Climatic variability and anthropogenic causes enforce to a tendency of decrease in average annual and seasonal discharge in the Parbati River. These studies are essential for the proper management of the river basin.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125320768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change Effect in Physical and Natural Capital: A Study on Urban Poor in Dhaka City of Bangladesh","authors":"Suraiya Yasmin","doi":"10.4172/2167-0587.1000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0587.1000170","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted on the physical and natural capital in urban slum to assess the effect of climate change on the capitals. Four slums of Dhaka city were selected as the study area. The study was followed a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. A stratified random sampling technique was assumed to collect data from the slums. Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informants Interview (KII) and case study tools were employed for the qualitative study. By following the DFID five sustainable livelihood approaches, the research was concerned with physical and natural capital. The main findings of this study revealed that the slum dwellers are normally victim of flood, water logging, heat stress and erratic rainfall effects in their household. The study identifies that due to change in climate, the shelter becomes affected by both heavy and normal rain and poor drainage systems of the slum make it more vulnerable and create water logging. It was found that slum dwellers face problems in water collection during high temperature and water logging. The present findings indicate that the slum dwellers are enduring and combating with the daily livelihood problems.","PeriodicalId":233291,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115209269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}