Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Imported fascioliasis in non-endemic countries: a case series and review of the literature","authors":"Paola Rodari,&nbsp;Maria Luca D'Errico,&nbsp;Andrea Angheben,&nbsp;Leonardo Motta,&nbsp;Veronica Andrea Fittipaldo,&nbsp;Dora Buonfrate,&nbsp;Federico Giovanni Gobbi","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fascioliasis is one of the most neglected foodborne zoonotic infectious disease, caused by the trematodes <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> and <em>Fasciola gigantica</em>. In last decades, it emerged as a public health problem worldwide, due to the substantial number of human infections. Fascioliasis has also been described in travellers and migrants, with relevance in Travel Medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We reported four cases of imported human fascioliasis diagnosed in our Department between 2011 and 2023. Literature search was performed on MEDLINE and Embase. We included case reports and case series on patients diagnosed with imported fascioliasis in non-endemic countries to summarize diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We retrieved 46 cases of imported fascioliasis, mostly acquired after stay in countries of South East Asia (41.3 %) and Africa (34.8 %). Forty patients (86.9 %) presented with symptoms, particularly low-grade fever and abdominal pain. Eosinophilia was found in 94.4 %. When performed, serology was positive in almost all patients (36/37, 97.3 %), while parasitological stool examination was positive only in a few cases (5/32, 15.6 %). In 12 cases, adult worm was removed by endoscopic technique, while in six cases fascioliasis was diagnosed after liver biopsy or resection. Triclabendazole was administered 33 cases, with excellent outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Diagnosis of fascioliasis is complex in non-endemic settings, and a high index of suspicion is crucial. The presence of eosinophilia, fever and hepatic lesions in travellers or migrants should rise suspicion, and serological tests may confirm the diagnosis. Triclabendazole remains the drug of choice, despite unavailability in many countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 102883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reemergence of Oropouche in the Brazilian Amazon: A phylodynamic and phylogenetic analysis.","authors":"Karolaine Santos Teixeira, Hillquias Monteiro Moreira, Tárcio Peixoto Roca, Edilene Pereira Pimentel, Jackson Alves da Silva Queiroz, Jessiane Rodrigues Ribeiro, Ana Maisa Passos-Silva, Adrhyan Araújo, Kátia Ingred da Silva Maia, Felipe Gomes Naveca, Ighor Arantes, Gonzalo Bello, Jansen Fernandes de Medeiros, Marco Aurelio Krieger, Juan Miguel Villalobos Salcedo, Rita de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo, Deusilene Vieira","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The distribution of arboviruses in endemic regions is experiencing a significant shift, along with the re-emergence of Oropouche virus (OROV) as a significant pathogen, characterized by dynamic vector-borne transmission. Despite growing public health relevance, OROV remains insufficiently characterized, with limited comprehensive genomic and epidemiological data. This knowledge gap affects the accuracy of diagnostic approaches and limits the effectiveness of surveillance and control strategies. This study aimed to characterize the re-emergence of OROV in endemic regions, elucidate its epidemiological distribution, and clarify the epidemiological distribution of OROV and assess its impact on diagnostic strategies and surveillance for acute febrile illness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between January and July 2024, a total of 869 individuals with malaria-negative acute febrile illness were screened for dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Duplex RT-qPCR assays were subsequently employed to detect Mayaro and Oropouche viruses. Spatiotemporal and geospatial analyses were conducted to assess the distribution of OROV in relation to environmental factors.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Among the participants, 35 % tested positive for OROV, with cases predominantly concentrated in forest and riverine areas. Considering that the significant increase in the number of cases occurred in a short space of time, the results highlight the urgent need to strengthen genomic and epidemiological surveillance to tackle emerging arboviral threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":" ","pages":"102877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chagas disease induces gut microbial metabolic stress: Disruption of energy and nucleotide pathways and partial reversal by antiparasitic therapy (TRIPOBIOME-2 study)","authors":"José A. Pérez-Molina ,&nbsp;Elena Moreno ,&nbsp;Clara Crespillo-Andújar ,&nbsp;Sandra Chamorro-Tojeiro ,&nbsp;Marta Arsuaga ,&nbsp;Leticia Olavarrieta ,&nbsp;Oihane Martín ,&nbsp;Begoña Monge-Maillo ,&nbsp;Francesca Norman ,&nbsp;Val F. Lanza ,&nbsp;Sergio Serrano-Villar","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chagas disease (CD) can alter gut microbiota composition, although its functional impact is poorly defined. We conducted whole-genome metagenomic sequencing of stool samples from 55 adults with chronic CD (23 treated with benznidazole) and 17 non-infected controls. Functional pathways were annotated with HUMAnN 3, and their differential abundance was assessed using ANCOM-BC2. Diversity metrics (Chao1/ACE indices and multidimensional scaling) and sPLS-DA modelling were used to explore community structure. No significant group differences were observed for alpha- and beta-diversity of bacterial functions; only 6–7 % of variance was attributable to infection status or prior benznidazole therapy. Nevertheless, chronic CD produced a distinctive functional signature marked by depletion of energy-yielding pathways (reductive and canonical tricarboxylic-acid cycles, fatty-acid β-oxidation, haem and 2-methylcitrate metabolism) and modest enrichment of purine and pyrimidine biosynthetic routes. These shifts may imply a microbiome adapting to hypoxia, nutrient scarcity, and metabolic competition with <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em>. Compared with untreated patients and controls, benznidazole-treated individuals exhibited partial metabolic restoration, namely, up-regulated nucleotide and carbohydrate-degradation pathways, enhanced (5Z)-dodecenoate synthesis, and reduced reliance on the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, suggesting renewed microbial growth and improved short-chain-fatty-acid potential. Collectively, our results seem to portray a resource-limited, metabolically stressed gut ecosystem in chronic CD whose functional imbalance is partially reversible with antiparasitic therapy. The affected pathways, particularly those governing energy and nucleotide metabolism, could be used as candidate surrogate markers for disease monitoring and therapeutic response and as targets for microbiota-directed adjuvant strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 102881"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple nodules and pustules in a traveler","authors":"Luca Pipitò ,&nbsp;Marcello Trizzino ,&nbsp;Fasciana Teresa ,&nbsp;Donatella Ferraro ,&nbsp;Antonio Cascio","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102880","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 102880"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and transmission dynamics of tuberculosis among internal migrants in Hangzhou: A retrospective analysis from 2013 to 2022","authors":"Qingchun Li ,&nbsp;Zike Cheng ,&nbsp;Qinglin Cheng ,&nbsp;Ruoqi Dai ,&nbsp;Yifei Wu ,&nbsp;Liyun Ai ,&nbsp;Yinyan Huang ,&nbsp;Qingjun Jia ,&nbsp;Nan jiang ,&nbsp;Xuexin Bai ,&nbsp;Zijian Fang ,&nbsp;Xu Song ,&nbsp;Xin Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a critical public health challenge in China, particularly amid rapid urbanization and internal migration. This retrospective study analyzed the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of TB among internal migrants (IMTB) versus local residents (LRTB) in Hangzhou, China, from 2013 to 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 47,659 pulmonary TB cases were extracted from the national Tuberculosis Information Management System.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IMTB accounted for 21.88 % of cases, with patients significantly younger (mean age 33.45 vs. 51.50 years, P &lt; 0.0001) and fewer bacteriologically confirmed diagnoses (34.9 % vs. 41.8 %, P &lt; 0.0001) compared to LRTB. Treatment success rates were higher among IMTB (95.0 % vs. 89.7 %, P &lt; 0.0001). Spatial clustering of IMTB occurred in industrial districts, primarily originating from Anhui, Guizhou, and Jiangxi provinces.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Migration-driven TB transmission highlights the need for adaptive control strategies in urbanizing settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 102875"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden, clinical outcomes, and characteristics of tuberculosis in migrant populations in the middle East and North African region: A systematic review and meta-analyses","authors":"Taha Maatoug ,&nbsp;Farah Seedat ,&nbsp;Eman Elafef ,&nbsp;Anissa Ouahchi ,&nbsp;Ali Mtiraoui ,&nbsp;Stella Evangelidou ,&nbsp;Wejdene Mansour ,&nbsp;Ana Requena-Méndez ,&nbsp;Dominik Zenner","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Migrants in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region face an increased tuberculosis (TB) risk due to socioeconomic and structural barriers. This systematic review synthesises evidence on TB burden, clinical outcomes, and epidemiological characteristics among migrants in MENA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched six electronic databases and grey literature sources for studies published between 2000 and September 2024 in any language. Eligible studies reported primary data on TB prevalence, incidence, treatment outcomes, and clinical or epidemiological features in migrants. Pooled estimates were calculated using DerSimonian &amp; Laird's random-effects model where applicable or narratively synthesised.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 779 records identified, we included 57 studies, comprising 95,190 TB cases and 3,532,359 migrants across 12 MENA countries. TB incidence was consistently higher in migrants than non-migrants (26.7–69.8/100,000 vs. 11.5–16.8/100,000). Migrants had lower TB-related mortality (pooled OR 0.8, 95 % CI 0.7–0.9; I² = 2.9 %), however, treatment success rates were consistently below the WHO-recommended 90 % threshold. Migrant TB patients were younger (mean age difference: 12.8 years; 95 % CI 8.8–16.0; I² = 86.5 %) and predominantly male (sex ratio: 1:5). Drug-resistant TB was more common among migrants, though this was not always statistically significant (multi-drug-resistant TB: pooled OR 1.2; 95 % CI 0.9–1.6; I² = 40.2 %), while extrapulmonary TB was more prevalent among non-migrants (33.4–83.4 % vs. 16.6–72.9 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Migrants in MENA region experience disproportionate TB burden and poorer treatment outcomes, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. Enhanced data, especially from North Africa, is essential to support regional TB elimination aligned with World Health Organization and Sustainable Development Goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102872"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virological findings in a case of travel-associated Oropouche virus (OROV) infection imported to Italy, June 2024","authors":"Giada Rossini ,&nbsp;Beatrice Mola ,&nbsp;Alessandra Rampini ,&nbsp;Margherita Ortalli ,&nbsp;Giovanna Mattei ,&nbsp;Tiziana Lazzarotto","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here we report the acute and post-acute virological findings in a OROV infected traveller returning to Italy from Cuba. Testing multiple specimen types and the prolonged detection of OROV RNA in whole blood and urine samples extend the possibility of cases confirmation through direct diagnosis even in convalescence-phase of infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102874"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed and incomplete rabies post-exposure prophylaxis among international travelers: A seven-year retrospective study at an emergency center in eastern Thailand","authors":"Nipon Singkam ,&nbsp;Vorapot Sapsirisavat ,&nbsp;Jirayu Chanduan ,&nbsp;Panichanok Piyabenjarad ,&nbsp;Pimpattra Limpitigranon ,&nbsp;Siraprapa Wisitthipakdeekul ,&nbsp;Wiriya Mahikul","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rabies remains a significant global health concern. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with delayed and incomplete post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for rabies among international travelers in eastern Thailand.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study was conducted using the medical records of 528 international patients from January 2016 to December 2022. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with delayed and incomplete PEP.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PEP was delayed in 10.1 % of the patients and incomplete in 45.6 % of the patients. The factors associated with delayed PEP included an age of 35–60 years (AOR: 3.08, 95 % CI: [1.07, 8.86]), superficial wounds (2.86, 95 % CI: [1.38, 5.92]), and a single wound (1.88, 95 % CI: [1.01, 3.49]). Incomplete PEP was associated with ages 18–34 and 35–60 years (2.04, 95 % CI: [1.25, 3.32]; 2.28, 95 % CI: [1.27, 4.09]) and exposure to a non-dog mammal (2.05, 95 % CI: [1.29, 3.25]). Previous rabies immunization (0.19, 95 % CI: [0.10, 0.36]) and an intradermal vaccination regimen (0.58, 95 % CI: [0.39, 0.84]) were associated with a lower risk of incomplete PEP. There was no difference in delayed and incomplete PEP for rabies between Southeast Asian and non-Southeast Asian travelers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this study, a large proportion of international travelers had delayed or incomplete PEP for rabies. The patient's age and wound characteristics and the animal type were key factors that influenced PEP adherence. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve adherence to rabies PEP among international travelers in regions where rabies is endemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 102873"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yellow fever in South America – A plea for action and call for prevention also in travelers from SLAMVI, ESGITM, EVASG, ALEIMC, GEPI-SEIMC, SEMEVI, and CMTZMV-ACIN","authors":"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz H. Alhazmi ,&nbsp;Abraham Katime ,&nbsp;Ahneez Abdul Hameed ,&nbsp;Alejandra Morales ,&nbsp;Alejandro Claudio Lepetic ,&nbsp;Alejandro Risquez ,&nbsp;Alex Julián Forero-Delgadillo ,&nbsp;Alexis Holguin ,&nbsp;Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez ,&nbsp;Amanda Guerrero ,&nbsp;Ana Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Asma Al Balushi ,&nbsp;Aysegul Taylan Ozkan ,&nbsp;Balram Rathish ,&nbsp;Baruch Diaz ,&nbsp;Beatriz Elena Porras-Pedroza ,&nbsp;Bhanasut Hunsajarupan ,&nbsp;Botond Lakatos ,&nbsp;Carlos Álvarez-Moreno ,&nbsp;Zitta Barrella Harboe","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102871","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 102871"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Travel-related potential rabid animal post-exposure consultation at the Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand","authors":"Rachata Charoenwisedsil ,&nbsp;Tanatorn Soravipukuntorn ,&nbsp;Katawut Panyatanakun ,&nbsp;Phimphan Pisutsan ,&nbsp;Panita Looareesuwan ,&nbsp;Punyisa Asawapaithulsert ,&nbsp;Hisham Ahmed Imad ,&nbsp;Sophie Schneitler ,&nbsp;Watcharapong Piyaphanee ,&nbsp;Wasin Matsee","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rabies exposure remains a significant public health concern in South and Southeast Asia. Despite the disease being vaccine-preventable, international travelers remain at risk of rabies infection due to the limited access to vaccines and immunoglobulin. This retrospective review aims to analyze post-exposure rabies consultations at the Thai Travel Clinic providing insights into epidemiology, risk factors, and post-exposure management for international travelers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study included international travelers of all ages who visited the Thai Travel Clinic at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Bangkok, Thailand for potential rabid animal post-exposure management between January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 306 international travelers, 91.5 % were healthy with no underlying medical conditions. Approximately 30.9 % traveled in Southeast Asia for less than one month, 46.6 % for one to six months, and 20.8 % for over six months. The majority of bites were from dogs (46.3 %), followed by monkeys (23.9 %) and cat (23.5 %). Common exposure locations included streets (40.1 %), followed by islands or beaches (20.5 %). The median time from arrival in Thailand to animal exposure was 30 days, with 14.7 % bitten within the first week. World Health Organization (WHO) category III rabies wounds accounted for 59.8 % (176/294) of cases. Only 47.5 % (144/303) received the first dose of the rabies vaccine on the day of exposure, and 57.9 % (70/121) experienced delays in receiving rabies immunoglobulin. Additionally, two travelers (2/149; 1.3 %) refused rabies immunoglobulin despite it being clinically indicated. Only 35.3 % (108/306) had pre-travel consultations, and 9.5 % (29/306) of all travelers completed rabies pre-exposure vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Over half of the international travelers delayed initiating rabies vaccine or immunoglobulin after potential rabid animal exposure. As rabies is a fatal yet preventable disease, this review underscores the urgent need to raise awareness about the importance of prompt post-exposure management. Strengthening traveler education and advocating for pre-exposure immunization are critical strategies to mitigate risks and improve outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102870"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}