Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"Altitude-associated circulating biomarker profiles in native Tibetans with and without chronic mountain sickness.","authors":"Yutian Zhang, Xiaoou Li, Tao Wang, Lian Liu, Bi Ran, Kangzhuo Baima, Yue Liao, Fuqiang Wen, Jun Chen, Lei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Native Tibetans have adapted to chronic hypoxia, yet remain susceptible to Chronic Mountain Sickness (CMS), including high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) and high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). CMS prevalence rises with altitude, but mechanisms remain unclear. We aim to investigate biomarker profiles in native Tibetans with and without CMS across altitudes, including extreme altitude >5,000m.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 91 native Tibetans across 4 altitudes (500 m/3,680 m/4,750 m/5,373 m), categorized into healthy, HAPC and HAPH groups. Seventeen biomarkers were quantified via Luminex. Biomarker associations with altitude and disease were analyzed using linear regression with Type-III-F-tests, followed by post-hoc comparison and effect-size analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among healthy Tibetans, multiple biomarkers exhibited non-linear altitude-dependent changes. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 4 (CXCL4) and thrombopoietin (TPO) peaked at 4,750 m and declined at 5,373 m, whereas matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) increased at 5,373 m. Among plateau-dwelling Tibetans (including HAPC and HAPH), no independent main disease-status effects were detected across biomarkers. However, an altitude-disease interaction was observed for angiogenin, with reduction at 5,373 m in HAPH, but not in HAPC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rising altitude drives distinct biomarker profiles in healthy Tibetans, with CXCL8/IFN-γ/FGF/VEGF/CXCL4/TPO exhibiting an inverted U-shaped response peaking at 4,750 m, and isolated MMP-3 elevation at 5,373 m, indicating a transition from adaptive angiogenesis to pathological tissue remodeling at extreme-high altitude. The altitude-dependent angiogenin reduction observed exclusively in HAPH at extreme altitude, indicating a dysregulated vascular reparative signaling in Tibetans with HAPH. These findings provide new insights into CMS pathogenesis across hypoxic gradient.</p>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":" ","pages":"103030"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria with artemisinin-based combination therapy: Factors associated with hospitalization and clinical, biological, and parasitological outcomes.","authors":"Sally Oceane Minka, Roger Wumba, Souad Bani, Bruno Pradines, Marylin Madamet, Océane Delandre, Emilie Javelle, Fadi Hillary Minka, Marc Thellier, Sandrine Houze","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a common imported infection in non-endemic countries. We evaluated management, early follow-up, and factors associated with hospitalization at initial presentation among patients treated with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) in France.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a national retrospective study including adults diagnosed with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria without vomiting, treated with ACTs, and reported to the French National Reference Center for Malaria between 2021 and 2024. The primary endpoint was factors associated with hospitalization at initial presentation (versus outpatient management), assessed using multivariable and mixed-effects logistic regression. Early clinical, biological, and parasitological follow-up (days 1-7) was analyzed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3,248 patients treated with ACTs, 1,210/3,087 (39.2%) were hospitalized at the time of initial presentation. Fever, immunosuppression, platelet count <84 G/L, parasitemia ≥0.16%, and hemoglobin <12.4 g/dL were independently associated with hospitalization, whereas diagnosis in 2024 was associated with a lower risk. Among the 1,098 (33.8%) patients with available follow-up data, adverse events occurred in <2%. Among patients whose first documented parasitological assessment occurred during days 1-3, the parasite positivity rate was 11/460 (2.4%); no positive parasitemia was observed among those whose first documented assessment occurred during days 4-7 (0/215). In the mixed-effects model, age ≥50 years was also associated with hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large national cohort, an evolving trend toward more frequent outpatient management in real-world practice was observed. The lack of documented early follow-up data in both inpatients and outpatients highlights the need to improve follow-up monitoring and reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":" ","pages":"103031"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and biological characteristics of Caraparu virus (Orthobunyavirus) infection in the Amazonian rainforest: a rare case report in a French military.","authors":"Benoit Fréville, Corentin Herrebrecht, Loïc Epelboin, Alisé Lagrave, Anne Lavergne, Dominique Rousset, Antoine Enfissi","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caraparu virus (Orthobunyavirus caraparuense) is a poorly described tropical South American arbovirus. Diagnosing acute undifferentiated febrile illness in the Amazon remains a challenge for travel medicine practitioners.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We report the case of a French soldier deployed in French Guiana who developed acute self-limited fever and headache associated with mild leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hepatic cytolysis during a several-day mission in the Amazon rainforest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the clinical and biological features of this understudied arboviral infection. In patients presenting with a dengue-like syndrome and living in or returning from South America, clinicians should consider arboviral infections other than the main prevalent ones, such as dengue fever.</p>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":" ","pages":"103029"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical trials in travel medicine: Building evidence, expanding equity, and shaping the future.","authors":"Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales, Luis Felipe Bambague-Trujillo","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":" ","pages":"103025"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Venezuela to Colombia: Translating lessons on infectious diseases and vaccination into risk-based preparedness after the 2026 earthquakes.","authors":"Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales, Ivan Arturo Rodríguez-Sabogal, Sandra Liliana Valderrama-Beltrán, Carlos Alberto Pérez-Yepes, Luis Miguel Sosa-Ávila, José Millán Oñate-Gutiérrez, Elizabeth Torres-Morales, Jorge Enrique Gómez-Marín, Raúl Eduardo Rivera-Quiroga, Leidy Lorena García-Ariza, Liliana Quintero-Álvarez, Jose Arnoby Chacón-Cardona, Diego Alfonso Sanchez-Rodriguez, Julian Andres Hoyos-Pulgarín, D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Karen M Ordoñez, Johanna Osorio-Pinzon, Jenny Patricia Muñoz-Lombo, José Fernando García-Goez, Pilar Rivas-Pinedo, Jaime Alberto Patiño-Niño, Juan Pablo Rojas-Hernández, Ernesto Martínez-Buitrago, Eduardo Lopez-Medina, Beatriz ElenaPorras-Pedroza, Álvaro A Faccini-Martínez, Salim Mattar, Carlos Álvarez-Moreno, Angel Gonzalez, Juan Carlos Sepulveda-Arias, Alexandra Elena de Jesus Sierra-Pelaez, Carlos Andres Hurtado-Correa, Dario Fernando Coral-Lara, Diana Carolina Guerrero-Ojeda, Edwin Ricardo Sierra-Galindo, Javier Alveiro Unigarro-Ramirez, Lina Valeria Góngora-Viera, Maria Kamila Muñoz-Rios, Maye Constanza Mejia-Ramirez, Natalia Rincon-Osorio, Adrian Ramon Lozano-Trujillo, Ludwing Mauricio Flores-Vargas, Juan Pablo Pedraza-Almeyda, Manuela Suarez-Quintana, Paula Manuela Mora-Martinez, Natalia Millan-Benavidez, Andres Felipe Cano-Sanmartin, Katherine Acevedo-Jimenez, Erika Tatiana Chica-Granados, Diana Carolina Zuluaga-Palomo, Lili Vanessa Hernandez-Serrano, Luis Felipe Bambague-Trujillo, Heine Santiago Realpe-Marin, Clara Ines Rivera-Echeverry, Daniel Alexander Grisales-Nieto, Ivan Alejandro Erazo-Paredes, Jaime A Cardona-Ospina, Maria Mónica Murillo-Muñoz, Sandra X Olaya, Beatriz Giraldo, Maria Camila Montes, Andrés Gaviria-Mendoza, Luis Fernando Valladales-Restrepo, Manuel Enrique Machado-Duque, Jorge E Machado-Alba, Juan Sebastian Henao-Agudelo, Leonardo Beltran-Angarita, Marco A Solarte-Portilla, Dario S López-Delgado, German Camacho-Moreno, Henry Mendoza, Fabiana Lora-Suarez, Maria Mercedes Gonzalez, Jhon Carlos Castaño-Osorio, Leonardo Padilla-Sanabria, Julian Ruiz-Saenz, Marlén Martínez-Gutiérrez, John Echeverri-Morales, Sebastian Hernandez-Botero, Javier A Gaviria, Gloria M Gonzalez-Moreno, Julian Toro, Lucelly Cordoba-Chaverra, Jorge L Bonilla-Aldana, Jaime Castellanos, Gustavo Roncancio-Villamil, Otto Alberto Sussmann-Peña, Carmen Salazar, Luis Gabriel Vinasco-Sánchez, Ricardo A Martinez-Garcia, Carlos E Pérez-Díaz, Adriana Sucari, Wendy Moncada, Florencia Escarrá, Pasesa Pascuala Quispe-Torrez, Francisco Javier Membrillo, Tomás Orduna, Susana Lloveras, Tânia S S Chaves, Miguel M Cabada, Cecilia Perret, René Echavarría, Ana F Ribeiro, Melinda Tanabe, Fernando Bazzino, Maximiliano Ramirez, Baruch Diaz, Karen Mirna Loro Morejón, Karen Daly, Reinaldo Rosas, Maria Belen Lopez, Cristina Miranda, Marisa Liliana Fernandez, Yasemin Özsürekçi, Wasin Matsee, Cristian Diaz-Vélez, Cristian Biscayart, Sergio Cimerman, Maria L Avila-Aguero, Roberto Debbag, Jose Brea, Alejandro Risquez, Jaime David Acosta-España, Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez, Carlos Espinal, Carlos N Torres-Martinez, Jill Weatherhead, Mario Masana, Claudia Beltrán-Arroyave, Bernal Cordero, Virgilio Lezcano, Amanda Guerrero, Herberth Maldonado, Luis Cuellar, Ines Ceron, Yori Roque, Melisa Florentin, Rosa Infante, Ana Carvajal, Lily M Soto-Ávila, Marbelys Hernández, Gianmary Miozzi, Moraima Hernández, Manuela Mérida, David A Forero-Peña, Manuel Conrado Pacheco-Gallego, Carlos E Jimenez-Canizales, Iván F Gutiérrez-Tobar, Juan-Carlos Navarro, Pio López","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":" ","pages":"103019"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2026 FIFA World Cup: Communicable disease risks and advice for visitors to Canada, the United States, and Mexico","authors":"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales,&nbsp;Ivan Arturo Rodríguez-Sabogal,&nbsp;Beatriz Elena Porras-Pedroza,&nbsp;Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez,&nbsp;Daniel Grisales-Nieto,&nbsp;Florencia Escarrá,&nbsp;Pasesa Pascuala Quispe-Torrez,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Membrillo,&nbsp;Tomás Orduna,&nbsp;Susana Lloveras,&nbsp;Tânia S.S. Chaves,&nbsp;Miguel M. Cabada,&nbsp;Cecilia Perret,&nbsp;René Echavarría,&nbsp;Ana F. Ribeiro,&nbsp;Melinda Tanabe,&nbsp;Fernando Bazzino,&nbsp;Maximiliano Ramirez,&nbsp;Baruch Diaz,&nbsp;Karen Mirna Loro Morejón,&nbsp;Mario Masana","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.102995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.102995","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102995"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echinococcus multilocularis infection acquired in central Europe in a migrant from an E. granulosus-endemic country — A case report","authors":"Tomáš Palla,&nbsp;Klaus Brehm,&nbsp;Thomas Glück,&nbsp;Frank Hanses","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by tapeworms of the genus <em>Echinococcus</em>. Geographic provenance is often used to guide species attribution, but may be misleading in patients who have migrated into endemic areas.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A cystic hepatic lesion was discovered in a migrant from Eritrea, residing in Germany for 8 years. Imaging studies (Ultrasound, CT, MRI, PET-CT) demonstrated a polycystic structure in the right lobe. Serology was positive for <em>Echinococcus</em> (without species differentiation). Based on the patient's origin and imaging morphology, cystic echinococcosis caused by <em>E. granulosus</em> was initially assumed. After initiating albendazole therapy, hemihepatectomy was performed. Unexpectedly, molecular analysis demonstrated &gt;99% concordance with <em>E. multilocularis,</em> confirming a diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) acquired in Germany.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Migrants may acquire endemic zoonoses including AE in Central Europe, assumptions based on geographic origin may thus be misleading. Molecular species confirmation is helpful when imaging and serology do not unequivocally differentiate <em>Echinococcus</em> species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 103016"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary syphilis with granulomatous inflammation in a returning traveler: A case report","authors":"Tamara Nordmann,&nbsp;Andrea Vanegas Ramirez,&nbsp;Kerstin Lüpke,&nbsp;Michael Ramharter,&nbsp;Johannes Jochum","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Syphilis poses substantial diagnostic complexity due to its diverse dermatologic and systemic manifestations, underscoring the importance of early identification to prevent progression and complications.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>Herein, we present a clinical case of a 24-year-old female patient experiencing a three-week history of fever, arthralgia, and a generalized maculopapular rash. While the diagnosis of syphilis was confirmed by serological and molecular tests, histopathology revealed unusual granulomatous dermatitis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This report of atypical granulomatous secondary syphilis emphasizes the need to include secondary syphilis in the differential diagnosis of atypical cutaneous eruptions of return travelers and supports the incorporation of molecular techniques into diagnostic evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 103014"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bundibugyo at the border: The 2026 Ebola outbreak and the case for pre-emptive countermeasure equity","authors":"Adamu Safiyanu Maikifi,&nbsp;Auwal Rabiu Auwal,&nbsp;Abubakar Sunusi Ishak,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Garba Jibo","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 2026 Ebola outbreak caused by Bundibugyo ebolavirus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda exposes a persistent structural flaw in global health security: preparedness remains overwhelmingly reactive and pathogen-specific. Despite the $518 million Africa CDC-WHO joint continental plan, no licensed BDBV vaccine or therapeutic is available; a 21-day (three-week) detection delay and cross-border transmission expose inadequate inter-epidemic investment in non-Zaire ebolavirus countermeasures. We argue for sustained, ring-fenced financing, institutionalised cross-border coordination, species-inclusive diagnostics, and real-time genomic data sharing to move African Ebola preparedness from reactive to pre-emptive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 103018"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148866820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis virus in Taiwan: Insights from long-term monthly mosquito surveillance, 2009–2025","authors":"Shyan-Song Chiou,&nbsp;Jo-Mei Chen,&nbsp;Yi-Ying Chen,&nbsp;Jia-Syuan Lin,&nbsp;Chia-Hsin Lin,&nbsp;Hao Huang,&nbsp;Charlotte Wang,&nbsp;Wu-Chun Tu,&nbsp;Chen-Chang Shih,&nbsp;Rey-Yi Chang,&nbsp;Wei-Li Hsu,&nbsp;Gwong-Jen Chang,&nbsp;Yi-Chin Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2026.103017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Japanese encephalitis (JE) remains a vaccine-preventable, mosquito-borne disease of concern in Asia, including Taiwan. Both residents and international travelers are at risk during seasonal epidemics. While vaccination and personal protection against mosquito bites are key preventive measures, limited information is available on the virological and epidemiological features of JE virus (JEV) in mosquitoes following the emergence of genotype I (GI) in Taiwan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Since 2009, we have conducted JEV surveillance of mosquito populations monthly at 3 sites in Taichung and annually across 13 sites in 8 counties/cities in Taiwan. Surveillance results were linked with laboratory-confirmed JE cases to describe the virological, temporal, and geographic patterns of JEV activity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2009 to 2025, we collected 200,168 female mosquitoes and identified 147 JEV GI-positive pools, exclusively from <em>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</em> and <em>Cx. annulus</em>. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that GI viruses detected in Taiwan were locally maintained rather than imported. JEV-positive mosquitoes and JE-confirmed cases were detected across the island between May and November, and the number of JEV-positive pools was significantly associated with JE human cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings indicate that GI JEVs are locally maintained throughout Taiwan and pose a recurring risk of infection between May and November. These results highlight the need for continuous vector surveillance, timely public health alerts, and reinforcement of vaccination recommendations for local populations and travelers visiting Taiwan during the transmission season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 103017"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}