Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease最新文献

{"title":"A preliminary analysis of hand disinfection use by travellers and their colonisation-risk with multi-resistant bacteria: A proof-of-concept study","authors":"Tobias Kaspers ,&nbsp;Cosima Berdin ,&nbsp;Thérèse Staub ,&nbsp;Barbara Gärtner ,&nbsp;Fabian Berger ,&nbsp;Alexander Halfmann ,&nbsp;Sören L. Becker ,&nbsp;Sophie Schneitler","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>International travellers have the potential to transmit multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the role of hygiene measures during travel has yet to be investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Travellers were asked about their use of disinfectants and hygiene behaviour. Stool samples were analysed for Gram-negative multi-resistant bacteria (MDRO). These data were analysed, and a new MDRO risk map was developed and compared with data from existing literature.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Of 214 travellers, 6 (2.8 %) tested positive for an MDRO before and 16 (7.5 %) after the trip, with travel in known high-risk MDRO areas. Most travellers, 174 (81.3 %), regularly used disinfectants; only 36 (16.8 %) did not. There was no statistically significant correlation between the use of a disinfectant and colonisation with MDRO. In our and comparable studies, a high-risk region on the risk map was associated with an increased number of MDRO or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positive returns.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Travellers showed a high willingness to use disinfectants. This preliminary study highlights the need for larger, randomized studies to better assess the true impact of hand disinfectants on MDRO acquisition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 102837"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imported fever in returning travellers and migrants in Spain, 2009–2021. Analysis by the +REDIVI network","authors":"Pedro Guevara-Hernández ,&nbsp;Jara Llenas-García ,&nbsp;Marta Díaz-Menéndez ,&nbsp;Nuria Serre-Delcor ,&nbsp;Clara Crespillo-Andújar ,&nbsp;Fernando Salvador ,&nbsp;José Manuel Ruiz-Giardin ,&nbsp;Josune Goikoetxea-Agirre ,&nbsp;Diego Torrús-Tendero ,&nbsp;Fernando de la Calle-Prieto ,&nbsp;Inés Oliveira-Souto ,&nbsp;Pau Bosch-Nicolau ,&nbsp;Philip Wikman ,&nbsp;José A. Pérez-Molina ,&nbsp;the +Redivi study group","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Travellers and migrants commonly present to health services with febrile syndrome, which can have different causes, including some that are life-threatening. A better understanding of these causes may help guide management and determine appropriate empirical treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim was to identify the leading causes of fever and to assess their association with the region of travel and type of travellers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective, multicentre study was conducted within the +REDIVI network. Data were collected on febrile syndrome cases among migrants, travellers, and people visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) from 2009 to 2021. Comparative analyses were performed according to patient categories and regions of travel/origin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 4186 patients with febrile syndrome, the most frequent diagnosis was malaria (31.0 %), followed by dengue fever (12.0 %) and nonspecific fever of less than three weeks’ duration (11.6 %). Malaria predominated in people coming from sub-Saharan Africa (58.4 %), while dengue fever was more common in the rest of the regions (19.0 % in South America, 25.0 % in Central America and the Caribbean, 34.2 % in Southeast Asia, and 18.1 % in South-Central Asia). By type of traveller, tuberculosis was more frequent in migrants, malaria in VFRs, and dengue and other arboviral infections in travellers and VFRs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Geographical area of travel and type of traveller are the main determinants of imported fever aetiology. Malaria remains the most common cause of febrile syndrome, especially in VFRs from sub-Saharan Africa, while dengue fever prevails in the other tropical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 102833"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HKU5-CoV-2: A silent threat looming in bats","authors":"Shriyansh Srivastava ,&nbsp;Dheeraj Sharma ,&nbsp;Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar ,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar ,&nbsp;Rakesh Sahu ,&nbsp;Sumel Ashique ,&nbsp;Aroop Mohanty ,&nbsp;Sanjit Sah ,&nbsp;Vini Mehta ,&nbsp;Rachana Mehta ,&nbsp;Vasso Apostolopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 102838"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling international travel as risk of acquiring Dientamoeba fragilis: Comparison to Giardia duodenalis data","authors":"Jukka-Pekka Pietilä ,&nbsp;Tuuve A Häkkinen ,&nbsp;Jukka Ollgren ,&nbsp;Anu Kantele","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The intestinal parasite <em>Dientamoeba fragilis</em> (DF) is spread worldwide and can cause prolonged gastrointestinal symptoms, yet its link to international travel has been scarcely studied. To explore this connection, we examined the association between DF cases and international travel history by destination, comparing the findings to data on <em>Giardia duodenalis</em> (GD)<em>,</em> a common travel-acquired intestinal parasite.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed clinical data from patients with DF or GD infection in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, categorizing the patients as travellers and non-travellers on the basis of their travel history. To assess acquisition risk by destination, we devised a DF/GD risk score (RS) relating case numbers to travel volumes as denominators in each destination, with travel data retrieved from the Official Statistics of Finland (OSF).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Travel history was reported less frequently by patients with DF (30 %) than GD (60 %). DF had the highest RSs for Africa (41.3), followed by Asia and Oceania (17.9) and the Americas (11.5). The respective GD RSs were 32.8, 25.4, and 11.9. The lowest RSs for both parasites were recorded for Eastern and Western Europe, Russia and the Baltic countries, and Scandinavia. For Asia and Oceania, the GD RS exceeded that of DF; for the other sites, DF had higher RSs than GD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>Dientamoeba fragilis</em> appears to be transmitted both domestically and internationally. Although the overall acquisition risk appears low, for both <em>Dientamoeba fragilis</em> and <em>Giardia duodenalis</em>, the highest RSs are linked to visits to (sub)tropical regions, with subregional differences between the two parasites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 102836"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for chronic insomnia at high altitude: A prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial","authors":"Bin Sun ,&nbsp;Jinli He ,&nbsp;Haibo Chen ,&nbsp;Wenming Zeng ,&nbsp;Tingting Tian ,&nbsp;Mirebankez Abay ,&nbsp;Shizhu Bian ,&nbsp;Junyong Zhao ,&nbsp;Xia Jin ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Tan ,&nbsp;Chaoan Zhu ,&nbsp;Dan Li ,&nbsp;Wenqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuanlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Shang ,&nbsp;Jiwei Duan ,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhao ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Chuan Liu ,&nbsp;Zhexue Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been proposed to be effective for treating chronic insomnia at high altitudes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients suffering from chronic insomnia at high altitude were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to either the hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment group or the control group for a 10-day procedure. The primary outcome was insomnia status, which was assessed via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The secondary outcomes included stratified comparisons of changes in the PSQI score and ISI score, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score. Analyses were performed for multiple comparisons for the primary outcomes at 2-sided 0.05 significance levels with Bonferroni corrections.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 80 patients were randomized in this study, and the median age was 25.0 years (IQR, 21.25–29.75). For the primary outcome of sleep quality, the PSQI score after treatment was significantly lower in the HBO group than in the control group (4.6 ± 3.15 vs. 9.1 ± 4.02; adjusted mean difference [aMD] −3.96 [-5.26 to −2.66], <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). The ISI was also significantly lower in the HBO group than in the control group (5.0 ± 4.09 vs. 9.8 ± 6.47; aMD −4.10 [95 % CI, −5.68 to −2.51], <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). For the secondary outcomes, the HBO group showed improvements in terms of fatigue, anxiety, and depression. No serious adverse events were reported in either group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HBO is an efficacious and safe treatment for chronic insomnia at high altitude.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>ChiCTR2100046917.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 102834"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing dengue seroprevalence among people living with HIV (PLWH) in rome, Italy: Insights from the 2023 Italian autochthonous outbreak","authors":"Pierluigi Francesco Salvo ,&nbsp;Francesca Lombardi ,&nbsp;Alessia Sanfilippo ,&nbsp;Valentina Iannone ,&nbsp;Gianmaria Baldin ,&nbsp;Alberto Borghetti ,&nbsp;Carlo Torti ,&nbsp;Simona Di Giambenedetto","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Global warming has facilitated the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, including dengue, to non-endemic areas like Italy. People living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of severe dengue, especially during secondary infections, but current vaccination options are constrained by safety considerations. This study assesses the seroprevalence of IgG anti-DENV among PLWH in Italy, after the 2023 Italian autochthonous outbreak.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study enrolled PLWH from July to November 2023 in Rome during the abovementioned outbreak. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for IgG anti-DENV using ELISA. Participants were stratified by country of birth and those with immune profiles suitable for live attenuated virus vaccination were identified. Cryopreserved serum samples from 2021 to 2022 were tested to trace the timing of infections.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 475 PLWH of whom 37 tested positive for IgG anti-DENV, resulting in an overall seroprevalence of 7.79 % (95 % CI 5.54–10.6). The seroprevalence was significantly higher among PLWH born in DENV-endemic countries (37.14 %) compared to Italian (2.86 %). Notably, among the Italian participants, three individuals who had not traveled outside Italy in the past 12 months showed seroconversion during the 2023 outbreak, providing further evidence of autochthonous dengue transmission in the country. This finding underscores the growing relevance of dengue as an emerging public health concern in Italy. Of the 37 seropositive individuals, 34 (91.9 %) had a CD4 count ≥200 cells/μl, indicating that a significant portion of the at-risk population could safely be vaccinated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Many PLWH have been exposed to DENV, with some experiencing seroconversion during the 2023 outbreak. Most of these individuals could feasibly receive live attenuated virus vaccination without significant risks, but further studies are needed to confirm vaccine safety for PLWH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 102832"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of scrub typhus encephalitis in a pediatric patient with different serotypes detected in blood and cerebrospinal fluid","authors":"Lijiao Yuan ,&nbsp;Wenrui Ding ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Xin Ma ,&nbsp;Mengyue Tong ,&nbsp;Xiaotao Yang ,&nbsp;Yanchun Wang ,&nbsp;Yonghan Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102831","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 102831"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemorrhagic fevers caused by South American Mammarenaviruses: A comprehensive review of epidemiological and environmental factors related to potential emergence","authors":"Esteban Ortiz-Prado ,&nbsp;Jorge Vasconez-Gonzalez ,&nbsp;D.A. Becerra-Cardona ,&nbsp;María José Farfán-Bajaña ,&nbsp;Susana García-Cañarte ,&nbsp;Andrés López-Cortés ,&nbsp;Juan S. Izquierdo-Condoy","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>South American hemorrhagic fevers (SHF), a group of zoonotic diseases caused by various virus families including Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, and Flaviviridae, are primarily confined to geographic areas where their host species reside. Transmission to humans occurs through direct contact with infected animals, especially rodents, and when infected, humans can transmit diseases to other humans through person-to-person interactions and other means, leading to illnesses that range from mild to life-threatening conditions. Diseases such as Argentine hemorrhagic fever, caused by the Junin virus, Brazilian hemorrhagic fever, caused by the Sabia virus, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, caused by the Guanarito virus, and Chapare hemorrhagic fever, are responsible for most hemorrhagic fevers excluding hemorrhagic consequences of diseases such as those caused by dengue. These diseases were first described in the late 1950s, coinciding with environmental and agricultural changes that led to increased rodent populations and the expansion of urban areas into rural zones. Pathogenically, these viruses typically initiate infection in the lungs and subsequently disseminate to regional lymphatic vessels and other organs, resulting in severe vascular and coagulation dysfunction. Clinical manifestations start with a prodromal phase characterized by general malaise and fever, progressing to more severe neurological and hemorrhagic symptoms, and concluding with a convalescent phase that may result in long-term neurological conditions. We comprehensively reviewed the literature on these South American hemorrhagic fevers. The dynamics of these diseases highlight the complex interactions between environmental factors, human behavior, and viral pathogenicity that drive the epidemiology of hemorrhagic fevers in South America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102827"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical validation and evaluation of the EasyNAT Malaria assay and the Alethia Malaria assay in a non-endemic setting: rapid and sensitive assays for detecting Plasmodium spp. in returning travellers","authors":"Charlotte van der Veer ,&nbsp;Julian Apako ,&nbsp;Anja Sonneveld-Hendriks ,&nbsp;Annemarie Kaak ,&nbsp;Cindy Arias-Claro Handgraaf ,&nbsp;Erik Schaftenaar ,&nbsp;Guido J.H. Bastiaens ,&nbsp;Jacky Flipse","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assessed the analytical and clinical performance of the EasyNAT Malaria cross-priming amplification assay and the Alethia Malaria loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay in screening for <em>Plasmodium</em> spp. in febrile patients with recent travel history to malaria endemic regions.</div><div>Using the composite microbial reference, the overall sensitivity and specificity were: 100 % and 97.5 % for the EasyNAT Malaria assay and 97.8 % and 98.3 % for the Alethia Malaria assay, respectively. When comparing both molecular assays, high congruency was seen (96.3 %; 158/164). We observed a negative correlation between the EasyNAT reported time-to-positivity and parasitemia, where higher parasitemia resulted in shorter time-to-positivity.</div><div>The EasyNAT Malaria assay and Alethia Malaria assay show high sensitivity and specificity for malaria screening in the Dutch non-endemic setting. The EasyNAT Malaria assay has the added benefit that it is compatible with laboratory information systems and requires fewer sample handling steps compared with the Alethia Malaria assay. Moreover, time-to-positivity values indicative of low parasitemia may aid laboratories to potentially shorten the diagnostic process for patients with mild symptoms as these patients may be evaluated by the consultant clinical microbiologist without the need for urgent microscopy outside regular office hours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 102830"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabies exposure in international travellers: Experience from a single travel clinic in Paris, France, 2018–2022","authors":"Patrick Hochedez ,&nbsp;Kaoutar Jidar ,&nbsp;Fabien Taieb ,&nbsp;Oula Itani ,&nbsp;Ghania Benabdelmoumen ,&nbsp;Perrine Parize ,&nbsp;Hervé Bourhy ,&nbsp;Paul-Henri Consigny ,&nbsp;Philippe Poujol","doi":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rabies is a vaccine-preventable zoonotic disease which causes thousands of deaths every year, mainly in Asia and Africa, and dogs are the main source of human cases. Although rabies is rare in international travellers, rabies exposure is relatively frequent and the number of travellers seeking post-exposure treatment may rise as international travel continues to increase. We aimed to better understand the characteristics of travellers exposed to rabies abroad, in order to deliver targeted advice and rabies vaccination during pre-travel clinics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>During 2018–2022, we studied all returning travellers who attended a single travel clinic in Paris, France, for animal exposures abroad and requiring rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (n = 2916).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the study period, 2916 returning travellers were included, and 59.7 % of exposures occurred in Southeast Asia (mainly Thailand and Indonesia) and North-Africa. Dogs were predominantly responsible for exposures, but the animals involved varied significantly according to the region visited and the age of the traveller. Monkey exposures were more frequently reported in Asia, and cat exposures in North Africa and among children. Exposures were reported as unprovoked in 22.9 % of cases, and 91 % of travellers had not received anti-rabies vaccines before travelling.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Travellers to rabies endemic countries should benefit from more targeted information based on the region visited, the animals they are likely to encounter, and the age of the travellers. Critically, they should be counselled on the importance of avoiding contact with animals, the long-lasting benefit of pre-travel rabies vaccination, and the need for adequate post-exposure prophylaxis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23312,"journal":{"name":"Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 102821"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}