Tropical Medicine and Health最新文献

{"title":"Community-based intervention for managing hypertension and diabetes in rural Bangladesh.","authors":"Yurie Kobashi, Syed Emdadul Haque, Kayako Sakisaka, Isamu Amir, Megumi Kaneko, Mahmuda Mutahara, Sanzida Mubassara, Abul Kashem, Masaharu Tsubokura","doi":"10.1186/s41182-023-00574-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-023-00574-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approximately 80% of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been reported in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, studies on the usefulness of educational interventions run by non-healthcare workers in combating NCDs in resource-limited areas in rural parts of LMICs are limited. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of a community-based simple educational program run by non-healthcare trained staff for several outcomes associated with NCDs in a resource-limited area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six villages in the Narail district in Bangladesh were selected, two each in the first and second intervention and the control groups, in the Narail district in Bangladesh were selected. Pre- and post-intervention survey data were collected. The first intervention group received the \"strong\" educational intervention that included a checklist poster on the wall, phone call messages, personalized advice papers, seminar videos, and face-to-face seminars. The second intervention group received a \"weak\" intervention that included only a checklist poster on the wall in their house. The outcome was the proportion of NCDs and changes in systolic blood pressure and blood sugar level. Confidential fixed-effects logistic regression and multiple linear regression were performed to identify the effectiveness of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 600 participants completed the baseline survey and the follow-up survey. The mean systolic blood pressure reduced by 7.3 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.6-9.9) in the first intervention group, 1.9 mm Hg (95% CI - 0.5-4.2) in the second intervention group, and 4.7 mm Hg (95% CI 2.4-7.0) in the control group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the between-group differences in the decline in systolic blood pressure were significant for the first intervention versus control (p = 0.001), but not for the second intervention versus control (p = 0.21). The between-group differences in the reduction in blood glucose after the intervention, were not significant on multiple linear regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Community-based educational interventions for NCDs provided by non-healthcare staff improved the outcomes of hypertension and risk behaviors. Well-designed community-based educational interventions should be frequently implemented to reduce NCDs in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR; UMIN000050171) retrospectively registered on January 29, 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10807096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between diet quality and risk of stunting among school-aged children in Schistosoma mansoni endemic area of western Kenya: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Madoka Kishino, Azumi Hida, Evans A Chadeka, Manabu Inoue, Mayuko Osada-Oka, Sohkichi Matsumoto, Sammy M Njenga, Shinjiro Hamano, Sachiyo Nagi","doi":"10.1186/s41182-023-00566-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-023-00566-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthy eating habits are essential for improving nutritional status and strengthening immunity against infectious diseases. This study examined the relationship between diet quality and stunting in school-aged children in an infectious disease-endemic area of western Kenya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 260 school-aged children (age 9-17 years) enrolled in primary schools in Mbita Sub-county, western Kenya. The nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. Dietary intake was measured using food frequency questionnaires and evaluated using the Food Pyramid (FP) score, which indicates adherence to the Kenyan food-based dietary guideline. Information on the children's age, sex, maternal education, and household wealth index was collected using a household-based questionnaire. Infections with the predominant parasites, such as Schistosoma (S.) mansoni, were detected via microscopy. The trend associations of the FP score with food group intake were examined to characterize the dietary intake of this population. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between stunting and FP score tertiles, adjusted for sociodemographic and economic indicators and parasitic infection status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the studied schoolchildren, 15.0% exhibited stunting, while 76.2% were infected with S. mansoni. The mean FP score was 25.6 out of 50 points. A higher FP score was characterized by a high intake of roots and tubers, dairy products, pulses, and fruits and a low intake of cereals and animal-source foods. The analysis revealed a trend: a lower risk of stunting was evident in groups with elevated FP scores (p for trend = 0.065). However, these trend associations were observable among subjects with either negative or light S. mansoni infection (p for trend = 0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A higher quality diet, as evaluated by FP scores, was associated with a low risk of stunting among school-aged children. Notably, this association seemed to weaken in the presence of a high burden of S. mansoni infection. It highlights the importance of enhancing dietary quality through the promotion of diverse nutrient-dense foods alongside effective S. mansoni infection control for improved growth. This study contributes fundamental knowledge for understanding the diet-malnutrition relationship in areas endemic for S. mansoni infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10792916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139486150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administration of ivermectin to cattle induced mortality, reduced fecundity and survivorship of Anopheles arabiensis in Ethiopia: an implication for expansion of vector control toolbox.","authors":"Ephrem Damene, Fekadu Massebo","doi":"10.1186/s41182-023-00575-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-023-00575-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although many countries have shown interest in eliminating malaria, approaches that complement existing vector control interventions are needed because existing methods have been scaled up but malaria still persists. Therefore, the effect of ivermectin administration to cattle was evaluated for its effect on mortality, survivorship and mortality of laboratory reared Anopheles arabiensis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three calves were randomly selected and injected with ivermectin at a therapeutic dose of 0.2 mg/kg, while the other two calves received no treatment and served as controls. Five tents were constructed for the trial. Calves were housed in tents (one per tent) and then 30 starved female An. arabiensis were introduced into each tent. Only fully engorged females were collected from each tent and placed in different mosquito cages to monitor their mortality, survival and fecundity. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the follow-up period (until day 21), ivermectin induced significantly higher mortality when compared to controls. It resulted in an average 24-h mortality rate of 81.6% against An. arabiensis on the first day following treatment. 100% An. arabiensis that fed on ivermectin-treated calves on the first day after treatment died within four days. Egg production rate of An. arabiensis that fed on ivermectin-treated calves was significantly lower compared to controls (F = 768.7, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, ivermectin induced mortality, reduced fecundity and survivorship of laboratory maintained An. arabiensis. Further study is recommended using a wild mosquito population. Moreover, mass ivermectin administration to domestic animals could be recommended to supplement the existing indoor based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10790479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139478956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stumbling blocks on the path to measles-free Nepal: impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Chandan Kumar Thakur, Nitin Gupta, Nayanum Pokhrel, Samita Adhikari, Meghnath Dhimal, Pradip Gyanwali","doi":"10.1186/s41182-024-00576-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-024-00576-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measles poses a significant global health threat, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the efficacy of two vaccine doses, under-5 mortality rates persist, with over 61 million delayed measles vaccinations worldwide. Nepal, striving to eliminate measles by 2023, faces a resurgence, attributing 1013 cases to inadequate vaccination and healthcare accessibility issues. Compounded by disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic, the outbreak highlights the urgent need for vaccination promotion, improved healthcare access, and misinformation mitigation. This situation underscores the critical role of global collaboration and healthcare infrastructure investment to safeguard children's lives in Nepal and similar vulnerable regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10789059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139471858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH-dependent virucidal effects of weak acids against pathogenic viruses.","authors":"Weiyin Hu, Hiroshi Shimoda, Yoshihiro Tsuchiya, Mikiya Kishi, Daisuke Hayasaka","doi":"10.1186/s41182-023-00573-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-023-00573-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Weak acids, such as acetic acid, show virucidal effects against viruses, and disinfectants are considered effective virucidal agents possibly because of their low pH, depending on the proton concentration. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different weak acids (acetic, oxalic, and citric acids) and eligible vinegars under different pH conditions by comparing their inactivation efficacies against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Acetic, oxalic, and citric acids were adjusted to pH values of 2, 4 and 6, respectively. They were also diluted from 1 M to 0.001 M with distilled water. Enveloped influenza A virus (FulV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and non-enveloped feline calicivirus (FCV) were treated with adjusted weak acids for up to 30 min. These viruses were also reacted with white distilled vinegar (WDV) and grain-flavored distilled vinegar (GV) for up to 30 min. Infectious viral titers after the reactions were expressed as plaque-forming units per mL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acetic acid showed virucidal effects against FulV at pH 4, whereas citric and oxalic acids did not. Acetic and citric acids inactivated SARS-CoV-2 at pH 2, whereas oxalic acid did not. All acids showed virucidal effects against FVC at pH 2; however, not at pH 4. The virucidal effects of the serially diluted weak acids were also reflected in the pH-dependent results. WDV and GV significantly reduced FulV titers after 1 min. SARS-CoV-2 was also susceptible to the virucidal effects of WDV and GV; however, the incubation period was extended to 30 min. In contrast, WDV and GV did not significantly inactivate FCV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The inactivation efficacy of weak acids is different even under the same pH conditions, suggesting that the virucidal effect of weak acids is not simply determined by pH, but that additional factors may also influence these effects. Moreover, eligible vinegars, the main component of which is acetic acid, may be potential sanitizers for some enveloped viruses, such as FulV, in the domestic environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10785384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139425515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of home-based management of malaria on clinical outcomes in sub-Saharan African populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Kok Pim Kua, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Bunchai Chongmelaxme","doi":"10.1186/s41182-023-00572-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-023-00572-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"38 5","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing child dietary diversity through cooking demonstration and nutritional education in rural Lao PDR","authors":"Yu Sato, Somboun Khamphithoun, Khamphanavanh Saiyachak, Hisao Ando, Takaaki Ishizuka, Shinjiro Saeki, Miki Miyoshi","doi":"10.1186/s41182-023-00571-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-023-00571-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"19 7","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139379890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review on efficacy and safety of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhea in sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Moitshepi T A Plaatjie, ThankGod E Onyiche, Tsepo Ramatla, Johannes J Bezuidenhout, Lesetja Legoabe, Nthatisi I Nyembe, Oriel Thekisoe","doi":"10.1186/s41182-023-00569-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-023-00569-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), significant morbidity and mortality have been linked to diarrhea, which is frequently caused by microorganisms. A rise in antimicrobial-resistant pathogens has reignited the search for alternative therapies. This scoping review aims to map the literature on medicinal plants in relation to their anti-diarrheal potential from SSA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies published from 1990 until April 2022 on medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhea from each country in SSA were searched on Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and PubMed. The selection of articles was based on the availability of data on the in vitro and/or in vivo, ethnobotanical, and cross-sectional studies on the efficacy of medicinal plants against diarrhea. A total of 67 articles (ethnobotanical (n = 40); in vitro (n = 11), in vivo (n = 7), cross-sectional (n = 3), in vitro and in vivo (n = 2) and ethnobotanical and in vitro (n = 2), were considered for the descriptive analysis, which addressed study characteristics, herbal intervention information, phytochemistry, outcome measures, and toxicity findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 587 different plant species (from 123 families) used for diarrhea treatment were identified. Most studies were conducted on plants from the Fabaceae family. The plants with the strongest antimicrobial activity were Indigofera daleoides and Punica granatum. Chromatographic methods were used to isolate six pure compounds from ethyl acetate extract of Hydnora johannis, and spectroscopic methods were used to determine their structures. The majority of anti-diarrheal plants were from South Africa (23.9%), Ethiopia (16.4%), and Uganda (9%). This study highlights the value of traditional remedies in treating common human diseases such as diarrhea in SSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline knowledge gaps were identified in various parts of SSA. It is therefore recommended that future ethnobotanical studies document the knowledge held by other countries in SSA that have so far received less attention. Additionally, we recommend that future studies conduct phytochemical investigations, particularly on the widely used medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrheal illnesses, which can serve as a foundation for future research into the development of contemporary drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10763068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139088734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension among Tongan adults: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Seini Siahi Talanoafoou Fifita, Daisuke Nonaka, Mele Tilema Cama, Mele Inu Filise","doi":"10.1186/s41182-023-00570-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-023-00570-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is responsible for many premature deaths worldwide. However, many individuals with hypertension remain undiagnosed. Tonga is one of the countries that has had a steep increase in hypertension, thus undiagnosed hypertension could also be increasing. Purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension among Tongan adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used data collected from conveniently sampled 473 participants using electronic questionnaire and digital sphygmomanometer through household visits between February and March 2023. Inclusion criteria were age of 18-65 years, residence in the villages for at least six months, and not being pregnant. Fisher's exact test and mixed-effect logistic regression were performed using the EZR software to assess the association between undiagnosed hypertension and predictor variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 22.4% (106/473). Five variables that were significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension in Fisher's exact test were included in the multivariate logistic regression. Overall, only three variables remained significant. First, participants who never had their blood pressure measured had higher prevalence compared to those who had it checked recently (33.3% vs. 19.1%); odds ratio: 2.24). Secondly, participants who were not aware of the risk of developing hypertension were significantly more likely to have undiagnosed hypertension compared to those who were aware (27.9% vs. 16.7%; odds ratio: 1.81). Lastly, middle-aged participants (30-49 years) and older (50-65 years), were significantly more likely to have undiagnosed hypertension compared to those who were 18-29 years old (30.0% and 23.7% vs. 11.8%; odds ratio: 3.58 and 3.38 vs. 1.00).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension could be substantial among Tongan adults, implicating a need to address this issue by doing further research and review current public health work to address hypertension in Tonga. Undiagnosed hypertension was associated with having no experience of blood pressure measurement, lack of awareness about hypertension, and age. Tongan government should provide people with more opportunities to have their blood pressure measured and to improve their awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10759494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability of artificial intelligence-based computer-aided detection (AI-CAD) for pulmonary tuberculosis to community-based active case finding.","authors":"Kosuke Okada, Norio Yamada, Kiyoko Takayanagi, Yuta Hiasa, Yoshiro Kitamura, Yutaka Hoshino, Susumu Hirao, Takashi Yoshiyama, Ikushi Onozaki, Seiya Kato","doi":"10.1186/s41182-023-00560-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-023-00560-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence-based computer-aided detection (AI-CAD) for tuberculosis (TB) has become commercially available and several studies have been conducted to evaluate the performance of AI-CAD for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in clinical settings. However, little is known about its applicability to community-based active case-finding (ACF) for TB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed an anonymized data set obtained from a community-based ACF in Cambodia, targeting persons aged 55 years or over, persons with any TB symptoms, such as chronic cough, and persons at risk of TB, including household contacts. All of the participants in the ACF were screened by chest radiography (CXR) by Cambodian doctors, followed by Xpert test when they were eligible for sputum examination. Interpretation by an experienced chest physician and abnormality scoring by a newly developed AI-CAD were retrospectively conducted for the CXR images. With a reference of Xpert-positive TB or human interpretations, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the AI-CAD performance by area under the ROC curve (AUROC). In addition, its applicability to community-based ACFs in Cambodia was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TB scores of the AI-CAD were significantly associated with the CXR classifications as indicated by the severity of TB disease, and its AUROC as the bacteriological reference was 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.83-0.89). Using a threshold for triage purposes, the human reading and bacteriological examination needed fell to 21% and 15%, respectively, detecting 95% of Xpert-positive TB in ACF. For screening purposes, we could detect 98% of Xpert-positive TB cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI-CAD is applicable to community-based ACF in high TB burden settings, where experienced human readers for CXR images are scarce. The use of AI-CAD in developing countries has the potential to expand CXR screening in community-based ACFs, with a substantial decrease in the workload on human readers and laboratory labour. Further studies are needed to generalize the results to other countries by increasing the sample size and comparing the AI-CAD performance with that of more human readers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10759734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}