Tropical Medicine and Health最新文献

{"title":"Factors influencing the health-seeking behavior of Vietnamese migrants in Japan: a cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards tuberculosis.","authors":"Sangnim Lee, Nhan Nguyen Huu Thanh, Yusuke Akutsu, Yoshihisa Shirayama, Pham Nguyen Quy, Jin Takasaki, Akihiro Ohkado","doi":"10.1186/s41182-025-00766-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-025-00766-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Addressing tuberculosis (TB) among migrants from high-burden countries is important for the health of migrants and for public health in low-TB-burden countries. Therefore, approaches that enable migrants to access TB diagnostic services and care early are required. To develop TB risk communication for migrants from high-TB-burden countries, this study aimed to assess Vietnamese migrants' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards TB and its association with health-seeking behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among Vietnam-born migrants aged 18 years and older in two cities in Japan. A self-administered online survey consisted of questions on demographics, health-related issues and behaviors, and the KAP towards TB. Participants who would not seek healthcare even if they had TB symptoms were categorized as having \"non-health-seeking behavior\", and related factors were examined using multiple logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 230 Vietnamese migrants participated in this study. Technical intern trainees (46.1%) and workers (28.7%) comprised the majority of the participants. Overall, 73.9% believed that persons infected with TB were infectious, and 46.1% reported concerns about being diagnosed with TB. Their concerns included maintaining employment and continuing schooling during treatment. Ten percent of the participants stated that they would not consult a doctor even if they developed TB symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that participants who believed that TB could not be cured were significantly more likely to exhibit non-health-seeking behavior (adjusted odds ratio: 3.12, 95% confidence interval 1.14-8.52) compared to those who believed TB could be cured.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tailored TB risk communication should address migrants' misconceptions and concerns regarding TB in the host countries. Further efforts are needed to improve TB knowledge through TB education and to disseminate information before and after migration. Creating a supportive environment, such as language assistance and work- and school-related social support, is also needed to facilitate the early detection of TB and healthcare access among migrants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"53 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying photovoice and human-centered design to contextualize an adolescent micronutrient supplementation intervention in Mozambique.","authors":"Sarah Bauler, Carmen Tse, Aicha Dos Santos, Lucilia Moises, Nicole Mbouemboue, Melissa Young, Joel Gittelsohn, Christine Marie George, Elli Leontsini","doi":"10.1186/s41182-025-00768-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-025-00768-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, iron-deficiency anemia is the most common micronutrient deficiency and a leading cause of disability-adjusted life years lost among adolescent girls 10-19 years of age. Adolescent girls' voices are often excluded from shaping the interventions and policies designed to support them. We used participatory formative research methods-photovoice and adolescent-centered design (ACD)-to explore nutrition-related challenges, opportunities, and preferences among adolescent girls in Monapo District, Mozambique, and used the findings to contextualize a nutrition curriculum and supplement delivery platform.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We purposively selected 16 girls from three rural and peri-rural secondary schools divided equally into two age groups (13-16 years and 17-20 years) and asked them to take photos of their food environment. Following a week of photo-taking, participants discussed their photos using the SHOWeD methodology in two workshops and in follow-up individual interviews. We also conducted three ACD group discussions with girls 13 to 20 years, each consisting of 10 to 12 participants, to explore consumption and supplement packaging preferences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thematic analysis of photos and transcripts showed that participants preferred locally grown foods and indigenous protein sources and were actively engaged in agriculture and household chores, highlighting opportunities for nutritional improvement. However, their nutrition was constrained by seasonal food shortages, inequitable household responsibilities compared to boys, and limited social capital. While school-based supplementation is the standard practice, participants strongly preferred to take supplements at home to avoid stigma and benefit from the comfort and privacy of their own homes. We used these insights to refine the adolescent nutrition curriculum and design a multiple micronutrient supplementation delivery platform.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Photovoice provided rich visual data about the lived experiences of adolescent girls in a fragile and resource-constrained context, without the influence of an external researcher interpreting everyday realities, and elicited valuable insights into the barriers, opportunities, and potential improvements in nutrition programming. Integrating photovoice and ACD into program design can increase program acceptability and potential for effectiveness. This research also highlights the need to prioritize adolescent engagement and underscores the inadequacy of one-size-fits-all approaches, such as school-based supplementation programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"53 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Practical Approach to Malaria Diagnosis in Non-Endemic Regions: Evaluating Simple Clinical and Laboratory Predictors in Travelers Returning from Endemic Regions.","authors":"Amal A El-Moamly","doi":"10.1186/s41182-025-00682-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-025-00682-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria, a life-threatening parasitic disease, remains a significant global health challenge. Malaria diagnosis in nonendemic regions can be challenging because of limited expertise and resources; rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for timely treatment and prevention of disease transmission. To improve diagnostic performance, this study aimed to evaluate the utility of clinical and laboratory parameters as predictors of malaria infection in patients presenting with fever after returning from malaria-endemic areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational hospital-based study with convenience sampling was conducted among febrile patients presenting to the emergency department in Riyadh city/Saudi Arabia with a history of travel to malaria-endemic regions. The detailed clinical information and laboratory parameters, including complete blood count, liver function tests, cholesterol, and lactate dehydrogenase, were collected. Malaria was confirmed by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and microscopic examination of blood smears. The diagnostic accuracy of various clinical and laboratory predictors was assessed via sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratios.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>While no single clinical or laboratory predictor was sufficient to definitively diagnose malaria, a combination of these factors proved to be a valuable tool. Low cholesterol (<3 mmol/L) demonstrated high sensitivity, whereas low platelet count (<150 × 10⁹/L) exhibited high specificity. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (>190 U/L) had the highest sensitivity but lower specificity. A combination of these laboratory markers, along with fever, vomiting, and chills, showed better performance in the diagnosis of malaria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the potential of a simple, clinical approach to aid in the diagnosis of malaria in nonendemic settings. A combination of clinical features and laboratory tests can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy, particularly in resource-limited settings. Further validation studies are needed to refine and optimize this approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"53 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A repeated cross-sectional analysis of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Manila, the Philippines after implementation of the national COVID-19 vaccination program.","authors":"Greco Mark B Malijan, Shuichi Suzuki, Ana Ria Sayo, Annavi Marie Villanueva, Kristal An Agrupis, Abigail Ortal-Cruz, Mary Ann Salazar, Jan Wendzl Evangelista, Rontgene Solante, Grace Devota Go, Naomi Ruth Saludar, Dinarazad Miranda, Alexis Dimapilis, Koya Ariyoshi, Chris Smith","doi":"10.1186/s41182-025-00767-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-025-00767-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 seroepidemiological studies, which have been used to describe population-level immunity, are limited in the Philippines, despite the protracted course of the epidemic in the country. We follow-up on our previous work and aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and infection rate among outpatient clinic attendees in Metro Manila, a year after the implementation of the national COVID-19 vaccination program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted four repeated cross-sectional surveys at the outpatient department of San Lazaro Hospital between March 2022 and January 2023. We performed χ² test and analysis of variance to assess the differences in characteristics across different data collection periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 765 participants were enrolled, ranging from 170 to 200 per period. Participant demographic, socioeconomic, and medical history were comparable across all data collection periods. Between March and October 2022, the proportion of participants who received a vaccine or booster dose significantly increased, from 77.9% to 90%. Seroprevalence across all data collection periods was consistently high, ranging from 97.8% to 99.5%. However, the geometric mean concentration of antibodies was highest in the data collection period following the Omicron-dominant wave. Infection rates were comparably low (< 10%) across periods, except for a peak at 16.7% in September to October 2022, which followed the rise in reported cases in Metro Manila.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Population-level seroprevalence among clinic attendees in Manila was consistently high a year after implementation of the national COVID-19 vaccination program, but analyses of antibody concentrations showed potential waning within a 3-month period.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"53 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full genome characterization of a Kenyan G8P[14] rotavirus strain suggests artiodactyl-to-human zoonotic transmission.","authors":"Ernest Apondi Wandera, Yuki Akari, Carlene Sang, Pamela Njugu, Samoel Ashimosi Khamadi, Sebastian Musundi, Maurine Mumo Mutua, Saori Fukuda, Takayuki Murata, Shingo Inoue, Satoshi Kaneko, James Nyangao, Satoshi Komoto","doi":"10.1186/s41182-025-00759-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-025-00759-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rotavirus infections are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. Human rotavirus strains with the unconventional G8P[14] genotype have sporadically been detected in diarrheic patients in different parts of the world. However, full genomes of only two human G8P[14] strains from Africa (North Africa) have been sequenced, and the origin and evolutionary patterns of African G8P[14] strains remain to be elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we sequenced the full genome of an African G8P[14] strain (RVA/Human-wt/KEN/A75/2000/G8P[14]) identified in archival stool samples from a diarrheic child in Kenya.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Full genome-based analysis of strain A75 revealed a unique genogroup constellation, G8-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3, with the I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3 part being common among rotavirus strains from artiodactyls such as cattle. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the 11 genomic segments of strain A75 are closely related to segments found in artiodactyl rotavirus strains, and likely strain A75 derived from spillover transmission of an artiodactyl rotavirus strain to humans.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first report on a full genome-based characterization of a human G8P[14] strain from East Africa. This study demonstrates the diversity of human G8P[14] strains in Africa and contributes to the elucidation of their spreading and evolution, which includes zoonotic transmission from artiodactyls.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"53 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of pathogens causing fever in returning travelers using next-generation sequencing.","authors":"Kenji Gotoh, Nobuyuki Hamada, Takahito Kashiwagi, Koyu Hara, Hiroshi Watanabe","doi":"10.1186/s41182-025-00763-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-025-00763-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In cases of fever following international travel, medical evaluation should consider the prevalence of infectious diseases in the travel destination. However, there are instances where a definitive diagnosis cannot be made. Identifying these unknown pathogens is crucial for managing febrile returning travelers and as a model for the early detection of emerging infectious diseases. The aim of this study was identification of pathogens from febrile cases where fever was the primary symptom and no other specific clinical features were present.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2008 and 2020, a total of 164 travelers visited Kurume University Hospital due to illness after returning from abroad. However, despite extensive testing, no definitive diagnosis was reached for 18 febrile travelers. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on eight samples (five whole blood, one serum, one cerebrospinal fluid, and one nasopharyngeal swab) collected from seven returning travelers with undiagnosed fever. Additionally, virus isolation using VeroE6 cells was conducted on two of these samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NGS detected human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) genes in all eight samples. Of these, six samples contained only HCoV-OC43 genes, one sample contained both HCoV-OC43 and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genes, and one sample contained both HCoV-OC43 and mumps virus genes. Furthermore, conventional RT-PCR confirmed the presence of HCoV-OC43 genetic fragments in two of the eight samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that before the COVID-19 pandemic, common coronaviruses such as HCoV-OC43 were a frequent cause of fever in returning travelers. If tropical infectious diseases, such as dengue fever and malaria, are excluded and the patient's general condition remains stable, outpatient follow-up is a viable option.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"53 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in HIV-related knowledge, behaviors and determinants of HIV testing among adolescent women aged 15-24 in Nigeria.","authors":"Okoro Lenz Nwachinemere, Simon Nyegenye, Aaron Mwesigwa, Naya Gadzama Bulus, Jonathan Mawutor Gmanyami, Kaweesi Abdulrahim Mukisa, Isaac Isiko","doi":"10.1186/s41182-025-00737-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-025-00737-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV remains one of the major global public health challenges, having claimed over 36 million lives so far, especially in sub-Saharan African countries like Nigeria. This study aimed to look into the trends in HIV-related knowledge, behavior and testing among young women in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used data extracted from women aged 15-24 years who indicated that they had undergone HIV testing from the Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) for 2007, 2011, and 2016. Across these surveys, similar sampling designs were applied, using a two-stage cluster sampling to generate a nationally representative sample of households. In the first stage, clusters were selected using the most recent available census from sampling frames. In the second stage, households were selected from each cluster. There was stratification of urban and rural for the different sampled clusters. The analysis was performed using STATA 17 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Northwest and South-South geopolitical zones, rural residential status and good knowledge about HIV were significantly associated with HIV testing. From 2011 to 2016, young women with primary education were significantly associated with reduced odds of HIV testing compared to those with at least secondary education. Young women with good behavior towards HIV prevention were significantly associated with higher odds of HIV testing, ranging from 1.7 times higher in 2011 to 1.8 times higher in 2016 compared with young women with poor behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By prioritizing education, integrating HIV education and testing into school-based programs, and increasing access to healthcare services in rural areas, we can empower adolescents to make informed decisions about their health and reduce the spread of HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"53 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of mortality attributable to diurnal temperature range in Thailand: a nationwide case-crossover analysis from 2007 to 2021.","authors":"Chittamon Sritong-Aon, Arthit Phosri, Tanasri Sihabut, Tawach Prechthai","doi":"10.1186/s41182-025-00761-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-025-00761-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diurnal temperature range (DTR), the difference between daily maximum and minimum temperatures, has been increasingly recognized for its potential impact on human health. However, its contribution to mortality remains underexplored, particularly in tropical regions such as Thailand.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the burden of all-cause mortality attributable to variations in DTR in Thailand utilizing data from 2007 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Data on daily all-cause mortality (ICD-10: A00-R99), excluding accidental causes, were obtained from the Strategy and Planning Division under the Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health between January 2007 and December 2021, while daily meteorological data were sourced from the Thai Meteorological Department during the same period. A two-stage statistical model was utilized to assess the relationship between DTR and mortality. In the first stage, a time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional Poisson regression model was applied to estimate the province-specific associations between DTR and mortality. In the second stage, these province-specific estimates were pooled using a multivariate meta-regression model to obtain the national-level estimate. Finally, the mortality burden attributable to variations in DTR was determined using a backward perspective based on the relative risks obtained from the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, a total of 5,574,850 non-accidental cause of deaths was reported. The association between DTR and mortality followed a non-linear with U-shaped pattern, where the effect of DTR on mortality was higher at both low and high DTR levels. The fraction of mortality attributable to DTR at cumulative lag 0-7, 0-14, and 0-21 days was 1.88% (95% empirical confidence interval (eCI): 0.69-3.03), 2.39% (95% eCI: 0.75-3.99), and 4.67% (95% eCI: - 1.14-9.87), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate that both low and high DTRs were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in Thailand. This underscores the need to consider DTR as a significant climate-related health risk, particularly in tropical regions, to inform public health strategies aimed at reducing the burden of climate-related mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"53 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12131491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative exploration of community stakeholders perspectives on dengue outbreak management in urban Nepal: navigational insights and challenges.","authors":"Sushmita Ghimire, Devendra Raj Singh","doi":"10.1186/s41182-025-00758-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-025-00758-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dengue outbreaks are a recurring public health challenge in urban areas of Nepal, necessitating proactive engagement of community stakeholders to ensure effective prevention and control measures. However, there is limited evidence of community engagement in dengue management in urban settings in Nepal. This study aimed to assess the community stakeholders' perceptions and experiences on dengue outbreak management in urban settings in Nepal.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A qualitative study with interpretive phenomenology approach was conducted among community leaders and female community health volunteers (FCHVs) who were directly involved in the prevention and control of Dengue outbreaks in Lalitpur Metropolitan City. The participants were selected based on the purposive sampling with inclusion criteria. Twenty face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted between April 2023 and June 2023 among the local community stakeholders. The data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach guided by the Health Belief Model as a theoretical framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings are presented under two broader themes (i) Community contributions in awareness building, and (ii) Stakeholders' experiences on dengue management and prevention. The study identified perceived severity and susceptibility, driven by recurrent dengue outbreaks, as key motivators for stakeholders engagement and actions in dengue outbreak management. Community-based initiatives, such as awareness programs and home-to-home visits, were considered effective in increasing public engagement. However, challenges such as delayed actions, the community's limited knowledge of dengue prevention and control, reluctance for consistent source reduction, inadequate water supply, and adverse sociocultural practices posed significant barriers to dengue management. Despite these obstacles, stakeholders expressed strong self-efficacy and commitment to the prevention and control of potential dengue outbreaks in future.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Local stakeholder engagement was considered crucial in dengue outbreak prevention and control. However, proactive, timely planning, continuous dissemination of dengue education, improved health infrastructures, and enhanced collaboration and coordination among community members and authorities are essential for the effective management of dengue outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"53 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania: a single-centre observational study.","authors":"Koki Shimizu, Koga Luhulla, Magreth Msoffe, Chambega Chambega, Salama Mahawi, Primus Ewald, Godlove Sandi, Irene Msirikale, Ruchius Philbert, Regina Kabona, Lulu Chirande, Nana Jacqueline Nakiddu, Patricia Scanlan, Chris Smith, Yasushi Miyazaki, Camille Maringe, Bernard Rachet, Hadija Mwamtemi","doi":"10.1186/s41182-025-00760-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-025-00760-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A wide inequality exists between high- and low-income countries in the outcome of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). At a tertiary-level hospital in Tanzania, multidimensional approaches have been taken to improve cancer care for children. This study aimed to update the outcomes of paediatric ALL at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Tanzania from 2016 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective chart review of children who were treated with modified UKALL2003 protocol at MNH from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the effect of each prognostic factor on event-free survival (EFS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 202 patients who had confirmatory diagnoses of ALL and initiated treatment at MNH. Fifty-two patients (26%, 52/202) died (n = 47) or abandoned treatment (n = 5) before the end of remission induction. The main causes of death during this period were infections and bleeding complications. The median EFS was 9 months and 2-year EFS was 36%. Oedema, non-early rapid responder, and non-remission were associated with short EFS in the multivariable analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of new paediatric ALL admissions at MNH has doubled in the past decade. The prevention of early deaths is critical to improve the long-term survival of paediatric ALL in Tanzania.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"53 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}