Tropical Medicine and Health最新文献

{"title":"Temporal changes in Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection across three areas of varying malaria transmission intensities in Uganda.","authors":"Alex Mwesigwa, Steven M Kiwuwa, Benson Musinguzi, Hakiim Kawalya, James Davis Katumba, Andrew Baguma, Irene M Mutuku, Ismail Abiola Adebayo, Samuel L Nsobya, Pauline Byakika-Kibwika, Joan N Kalyango, Charles Karamagi, Joaniter I Nankabirwa","doi":"10.1186/s41182-024-00672-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-024-00672-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria is a significant public health challenge in Uganda, with Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) responsible for most of malaria infections. The high genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) associated with P. falciparum complicate treatment and prevention efforts. This study investigated temporal changes in P. falciparum genetic diversity and MOI across three sites with varying malaria transmission intensities. Understanding these changes is essential for informing effective malaria control strategies for the different malaria transmission settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 220 P. falciparum-positive dried blood spot (DBS) filter paper samples from participants in a study conducted during 2011-2012 and 2015-2016 were analyzed. Genotyping utilized seven polymorphic markers: Poly-α, TA1, TA109, PfPK2, 2490, C2M34-313, and C3M69-383. Genetic diversity metrics, including the number of alleles and expected heterozygosity, were calculated using GENALEX and ARLEQUIN software. MOI was assessed by counting distinct genotypes. Multi-locus linkage disequilibrium (LD) and genetic differentiation were evaluated using the standardized index of association (I_A^S) and Wright's fixation index (F_ST), respectively. Statistical comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and temporal trends were analyzed using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 220 samples, 180 were successfully amplified. The majority of participants were males (50.6%) and children aged 5-11 years (46.7%). Genetic diversity remained high, with mean expected heterozygosity (H_e) showing a slight decrease over time (range: 0.73-0.82). Polyclonal infections exceeded 50% at all sites, and mean MOI ranged from 1.7 to 2.2, with a significant reduction in Tororo (from 2.2 to 2.0, p = 0.03). Linkage disequilibrium showed a slight increase, with Kanungu exhibiting the lowest I_A^S in 2011-2012 (0.0085) and Jinja the highest (0.0239) in 2015-2016. Overall genetic differentiation remained low, with slight increases in pairwise F_ST values over time, notably between Jinja and Tororo (from 0.0145 to 0.0353).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the genetic diversity and MOI of P. falciparum in Uganda's malaria transmission settings, noting a slight decrease in both genetic diversity and MOI overtime. Continued surveillance and targeted control strategies are essential for monitoring the impact of malaria control efforts in Uganda.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11684243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving malaria-free: Egypt's journey to WHO certification and global implications for disease control.","authors":"Blessing Olawumi Amisu, Olalekan John Okesanya, Mohamed Mustaf Ahmed, Sohaila Mohamed Mohamed Abdelbar, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno","doi":"10.1186/s41182-024-00666-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-024-00666-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Egypt's recent malaria-free certification by the World Health Organization (WHO) marks a significant achievement in public health, underscoring the effectiveness of sustained national efforts in disease eradication. This milestone, achieved after nearly a century of strategic intervention, highlights the importance of integrated public health programmes and cross-sector collaboration. Egypt's journey involved early initiatives to reduce human-mosquito contact, the establishment of malaria control stations, and comprehensive outbreak management strategies. This country's success serves as an exemplar for other African nations, emphasizing the need for adaptable, community-focused approaches to disease control. Despite challenges such as drug-resistant malaria strains and pesticide-resistant mosquitoes, Egypt's experience demonstrates the potential for successful malaria elimination through coordinated efforts and innovative solutions. This accomplishment contributes to regional health improvements, and provides valuable insights into global malaria eradication strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11674509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Schistosoma infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Shewa Robit Health Center, North-Central Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Woubshet Zewdie, Getaneh Alemu, Tadesse Hailu","doi":"10.1186/s41182-024-00671-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-024-00671-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schistosoma spp. and other intestinal parasites are common in Ethiopia. During pregnancy, SCH increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. However, its epidemiology among pregnant women and awareness level about the disease are not well addressed in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to address this gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2023 among 422 pregnant women who attended Shewa Robit Health Center. Pregnant women who came to the health center for antenatal care services were enrolled in the study following systematic random sampling technique. Questionnaire data was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, KAP towards SCH, and associated factors. Stool samples were processed using the Kato-Katz technique, while urine samples were tested with urine test strips for hematuria, and filtration and centrifugation methods for detection of S. haematobium. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed at a 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 422 pregnant women, 38 (9.0%) were positive for hematuria, but none were infected by S. haematobium. Schistosoma mansoni was detected in 40 (9.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.6-12.6) participants. Habit of swimming or bathing (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.896; 95% CI: 2.193-10.933, p < 0.001) and habit of crossing freshwater on barefoot (AOR = 5.113; 95% CI: 1.171-22.324, p = 0.030) were significantly associated with S. mansoni infection. Of the participants, only 74 (17.5%) had previously heard of SCH. Out of 74 aware participants, 49 (66.2%) and 14 (18.9%) were unaware of the causative agent and possibility of a cure for SCH, respectively. Sixty-one (82.4%) were aware that SCH is preventable. Fifty-three (71.6%) and 4 (5.4%) participants believed that SCH is preventable and serious disease, respectively. Eight (10.8%) and 9 (12.2%) participants avoided contact with freshwater and used clean water for drinking and washing, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is nearly moderate prevalence of S. mansoni infection in the study area. Pregnant women who often had freshwater contact were more likely to contract S. mansoni. Most pregnant women in the study area had low KAP levels towards SCH. Therefore, women of reproductive age groups should be the focus of SCH control programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11673546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plants used for the management of venereal diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and critical assessment of their research status.","authors":"Temitope O Omogbene, Ibraheem O Lawal, Stephen O Amoo, Anne A Adam, Fikisiwe C Gebashe, Adeyemi O Aremu","doi":"10.1186/s41182-024-00651-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-024-00651-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sub-Saharan Africa faces one of the highest burdens of venereal diseases (VDs) globally. This review aims to critically evaluate the existing literature on the diverse Indigenous knowledge and medicinal plants utilised for treating VDs in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol to guide the execution of the review. Relevant papers from scientific databases and search engines were assessed. The inclusion criteria included literature published from 2008 and May 16, 2024, and assessment of specific predetermined VDs. Medicinal plants based on certain ethnobotanical indices and data were recorded from each literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 131 studies included in this review, a total of 20 relevant ethnobotanical reports were identified, with Nigeria and South Africa having the highest contributions (25% each). A high diversity and richness of 445 ethnobotanically valued anti-venereal plants (99 families) from over 872 Indigenous knowledge holders were inventoried. Plants with the highest diversity of use in traditional treatment of VDs are Cassia abbreviata, Ziziphus mucronata, Ximenia caffra, Catharanthus roseus, and Terminalia prunioides. The most represented families are Fabaceae (15.8%), Cucurbitaceae (5.9%), Solanaceae (5.9%), Euphorbiaceae (5%), and Combretaceae (5%). Roots and leaves were highly utilised with frequencies of 41.5% and 26.3%, respectively. The most used method of preparation are decoctions (36.7%) and infusions (12.2%), whereas oral route (72.9%) dominated the mode of administration of the medicinal plants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review consolidated data from sub-Saharan Africa-notwithstanding a limited number of studies in quantitative synthesis-and identified a diverse array of ethnobotanically valued anti-venereal plants, enabling meaningful conclusions to be drawn for future ethnopharmacological assessments. Effective plant conservation and advancement of ethnobotanical research in the region require stringent regulations and cross-country collaborations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11670375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher temperatures and being an ethnic minority reduce mosquito net use in Lao PDR: an analysis of Lao PDR's Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey and Earth observation satellite data.","authors":"Wills Peter Otieno, Eunice Abena Kwatemaa Ankapong, Kanae Nomura, Emilie Louise Akiko Matsumoto-Takahashi","doi":"10.1186/s41182-024-00669-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-024-00669-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains the leading cause of under-five morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Sleeping under mosquito nets, especially insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), is one of the best ways to prevent malaria as they form a physical and chemical barrier against mosquitoes. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess not only mosquito net use, but also how environmental factors, specifically land surface temperature, contribute to malaria prevention among households with children under 5 years of age in Lao PDR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The most recent Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey datasets of Lao PDR 2017 and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Public Health Monitoring and Analysis Platform (JPMAP) were used. Data from 51,948 households were used in the analysis. A bivariate logistic regression analysis was followed by a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the factors influencing mosquito net use with children under five.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 77.8% of all households with children under 5 years of age slept under mosquito nets. Of these, 80.5% were ITNs (Olyset, Permanent, and other brands). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that mosquito net use was significantly associated with the land surface temperature, ethno-linguistic group (Lao-Tai, Mon-Khmer, Hmong-Mien, Chinese-Tibetan, and other), education level of the household head, and wealth index quintile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analysis of the present study suggested measures to intensify the use of mosquito nets with an emphasis on ethnic minorities living in hot areas to bring Lao PDR closer to the day that mosquito-borne infections such as malaria can be eliminated.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School health policies and their implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.","authors":"Mikaela B Salanguit, Marian Danille C Santillan, Ernesto R Gregorio, Crystal Amiel M Estrada, Fumiko Shibuya, Akihiro Nishio, Jun Kobayashi","doi":"10.1186/s41182-024-00659-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-024-00659-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the health and education of learners globally. However, there is a lack of information on enablers and barriers to the implementation of comprehensive school health policies during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized a case study design, and was conducted in the Division of City Schools of Navotas. A desk review of relevant school health policies released at the national level by the Department of Education and Department of Health during the pandemic was performed. The collected policies were classified if they were related to the Preparedness/Prevention Phase, Early Phase Response, and Chronic Phase Response. Focus group discussions and key a informant interview were conducted to determine the enablers and barriers in implementing school health programs during the pandemic. The identified themes were created deductively by using categories from Whitman's Wheel of Factors influencing Implementation of Policy and Practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Policies under the Preparedness/Prevention Phase focused on providing a comprehensive healthy school environment for learners, including Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in Schools. Early Phase Response policies included school closures and public health guidelines to prevent further spread of disease. The policies under the Chronic Phase/Response notably included guidelines for implementation of vaccination days and reopening of classes. Most of the factors identified were categorized under Whitman's wheel of factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite COVID-19 restrictions, health policy implementation continued because of the collaborations, innovations, and leadership of various stakeholders. The vaccination of the public, including the pediatric population was implemented through the collaboration of various agencies. WASH in Schools was evident in policies regarding the guidelines on prevention of the spread of disease. The data provided in this study will serve as a guide to address the barriers and further strengthen the implementation of these policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Comment on: Fetal femur length and risk of diabetes in adolescence: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Zainab Fatima, Arifa Inayatullah Kakar, Usama Idrees, Malik Olatunde Oduoye, Uzodinma Nwadinigwe","doi":"10.1186/s41182-024-00667-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-024-00667-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11657270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential pulmonary functions in survivors of leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Dilshan Priyankara, Pramith Ruwanpathirana, Roshan Rambukwella, Nilanka Perera","doi":"10.1186/s41182-024-00665-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-024-00665-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leptospirosis, a spirochaete infection, can lead to Leptospirosis Pulmonary Haemorrhage Syndrome (LPHS), which requires intensive care admission and has a high mortality. Although data on short-term outcomes are available, the long-term respiratory sequelae of LPHS survivors are not known. We aimed to identify the post-discharge pulmonary functions and functional limitations in survivors of LPHS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort study from January to December 2022 at the Medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka to assess the sequential changes in the spirometry parameters in patients who survived LPHS. The Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1) were measured on the day of discharge from the ICU (D0), 7th day after discharge (D7) and 28th day after discharge (D28). The predicted lung volume was calculated using the gender, age and height as per standard protocol. Physical and functional role limitations were assessed on D28 using the modified Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one patients with a mean age of 44 years (SD 16.07) were enrolled for the study. The majority were male patients (n = 19, 90.5%). Leptospirosis was serologically confirmed in all individuals. Seventeen (81%) patients had reduced FEV1 and FVC on D0, indicating a restrictive lung abnormality. FVC and FEV1 improved during the first 7 days (p < 0.01) but did not change significantly afterwards. Only seven individuals (33.3%) achieved a normal FVC (exceeding 80% of the predicted volume) at D28. However, 19 (90.5%) individuals achieved a normal FEV1 (exceeding 80% of predicted volume) by D28. In our study, administering corticosteroids during ICU stay did not impact lung recovery in FVC (p = 0.521) or FEV1 (p = 0.798). The participants did not have significant physical, functional, and role limitations at D28.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The spirometry measurements of individuals diagnosed with LPHS significantly improved during the first 7 days. Most survivors did not have a functional impairment despite the FVC not recovering to normal by D28.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11657222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmodium falciparum with pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions in asymptomatic malaria infections in the Lake Victoria region, Kenya.","authors":"Takatsugu Okai, Chim W Chan, Achyut Kc, Protus Omondi, Kelvin Musyoka, James Kongere, Wataru Kagaya, Gordon Okomo, Bernard N Kanoi, Yasutoshi Kido, Jesse Gitaka, Akira Kaneko","doi":"10.1186/s41182-024-00664-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-024-00664-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) targeting the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) are widely used to diagnose P. falciparum infection. However, reports of P. falciparum strains lacking PfHRP2 and the structurally similar PfHRP3 have raised concerns about the utility and reliability of PfHRP2-based RDTs. This study investigated the presence of P. falciparum with pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 gene deletions among infected residents in the Lake Victoria region, Kenya. Four cross-sectional malaria, surveys were conducted in four sites (Suba South, Mfangano, Kibuogi, and Ngodhe) from September 2018 to January 2020. P. falciparum infections were detected using a PfHRP2-based RDT, microscopy, and PCR on 9120 finger-prick blood samples. Samples negative by RDT but positive by PCR were selected for PCR amplification of pfmsp1 and pfmsp2 to confirm the quality and quantity of P. falciparum DNA. Samples positive for both pfmsp1 and pfmsp2 were included for detection of deletions of exons 1 and 2 in pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 PCR. The multiplicity of infection (MOI) was determined as the higher allele count between pfmsp1 and pfmsp2. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 deletions and demographic and infection variables. Of the 445 RDT-negative and PCR-positive samples, 125 (28.1%) were analyzed for pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions. Single pfhrp2 deletion, single pfhrp3 deletion, and pfhrp2/3 double deletions were detected in 13 (10.4%), 19 (15.2%), and 36 (28.8%) samples, respectively. Single pfhrp2 deletion was found in all sites while single pfhrp3 deletion was found in all sites except Kibuogi. The majority of samples with pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 deletions were submicroscopic (73.5%), asymptomatic (80.9%), and monoclonal (80.9%). Polyclonal infection was significantly (p = 0.022) associated with a lower odds of pfhrp2/3 double deletion, suggesting detection of intact pfhrp2/3 in mixed infections. We report the presence of P. falciparum with pfhrp2/pfhrp3 double deletions among asymptomatic and submicroscopic infections in Kenya. Our findings highlight the need for active monitoring of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions at the community level to improve malaria detection and control in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of dengue larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using the larvicidal bioactive compounds in different plant extracts and plant extract-mediated nanoparticles.","authors":"Madhawa Pradeepa Nawarathne, Chathuranga Dharmarathne","doi":"10.1186/s41182-024-00654-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41182-024-00654-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue is a devastating viral disease transmitted by mosquito vectors of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Mosquito populations thrive in favourable breeding conditions, making mosquito control vital. Eliminating larval populations is the most effective method compared with other mosquito control methods. Synthetic chemicals such as organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamate and growth regulators are available for mosquito control, but their use is limited due to health and environmental concerns. Biologically synthesized insecticides are preferable to synthetic insecticides as they are eco-friendly, low cost, target-specific and less toxic for non-target organisms.</p><p><strong>Mainbody: </strong>Plant-derived bioassays are commonly used to control virally transmitted vectors, as plants contain bioactive compounds such as phytochemicals and essential oils that have high larvicidal efficacy against various mosquito vectors. In addition, nanomaterials are garnering attention in mosquito control due to their eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness and safety. Commonly used nanomaterials include metal nanoparticles, such as silver nanoparticles, known for their potent larvicidal effect. Nanomaterials can be biologically synthesized through the combination with plant materials and encapsulation of bioactive compounds to maintain their stability and efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Various plant species and parts, as well as plant-derived nanoparticles, show diverse larvicidal activities against Aedes mosquitos. Among these, plant-mediated nanoparticles demonstrate excellent larvicidal properties against mosquito larvae, including Aedes species.</p>","PeriodicalId":23311,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}