Translational pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Molecularly guided management of pediatric endobronchial inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: a report of two cases on surgical and targeted intervention.","authors":"Liqin Ke, Shuxian Li, Lei Wu, Guohong Zhu","doi":"10.21037/tp-2026-0456","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tp-2026-0456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the airway are rare mesenchymal neoplasms of intermediate biological potential characterized by clonal proliferation and diverse clinical presentations. Owing to their nonspecific symptoms, such as persistent cough and stridor, these tumors are frequently misdiagnosed as more common pediatric conditions, including refractory asthma or foreign-body aspiration, often leading to delays in definitive treatment.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>We described 2 pediatric cases of endobronchial IMT managed according to anatomical location and molecular features. Case 1 was an 8-year-old boy with an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative tumor located at the opening of the posterior segment of the right lower lobe bronchus, who underwent robot-assisted sleeve resection with preservation of functional lung parenchyma. Case 2 was a 6-year-old boy with an ALK-positive carinal tumor causing critical airway narrowing, who underwent primary endoscopic resection followed by adjuvant crizotinib therapy based on multidisciplinary assessment of molecular status and recurrence risk. No evidence of recurrence was observed at 6-month follow-up in Case 1 or at 3-month follow-up in Case 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These two cases suggest that integrating molecular diagnostics, particularly ALK status, with a stepwise multidisciplinary approach may help guide individualized management in pediatric airway IMT. However, the short follow-up duration of 6 months and 3 months limits conclusions regarding long-term recurrence and durability of treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23294,"journal":{"name":"Translational pediatrics","volume":"15 8","pages":"354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between childhood weight status and timing of puberty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ting Zhou, Feng Xiong","doi":"10.21037/tp-2026-0362","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tp-2026-0362","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Childhood overweight and obesity have increased worldwide alongside a trend toward earlier pubertal onset, particularly in girls. Excess adiposity may affect pubertal timing through metabolic and endocrine pathways, but observational findings remain heterogeneous. This study systematically evaluated childhood weight status and pubertal timing, mapped the evidence, quantified early-puberty risk associated with overweight/obesity, and explored dose-response relationships and sex differences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases from inception to January 2025. Observational studies using childhood weight/body mass index (BMI) as exposure variables and pubertal development indicators as outcomes were included. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed study quality. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate risk of bias. Effect sizes were pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via the I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; statistic. Subgroup analyses were conducted by weight category and outcome type. An evidence map was constructed to describe the distribution and direction of evidence across different exposure and outcome types.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Forty-one studies were included in the systematic review, involving a total sample size of 416,789 participants. Studies were published between 2000 and 2025 and originated from 18 countries/regions. The evidence map indicated that quantifiable evidence primarily focused on BMI/weight classification and weight trajectory in relation to outcomes such as \"onset/precipitation of puberty (including precocious puberty risk)\" and \"menarche/spermatogenesis onset time\". Studies examining outcomes such as pubertal progression/duration and bone age were relatively scarce. From studies with consistent exposure grouping and extractable odds ratio (OR)/hazard ratio (HR)/relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), 24 effect size data points (from 3 studies) were extracted for meta-analysis. The random-effects model revealed that compared with normal-weight children, overweight/obese children had a significantly increased risk of early puberty onset (pooled OR/HR =1.56, 95% CI: 1.44-1.69, P&lt;0.001; I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=96.0%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a clear dose-response relationship: Overweight (OR/HR =1.46, 95% CI: 1.31-1.63), obesity (OR/HR =1.55, 95% CI: 1.36-1.77), and severe obesity (OR/HR =1.69, 95% CI: 1.37-2.07). Analysis by outcome type revealed the greatest impact on menarche timing (OR/HR =2.24, 95% CI: 1.82-2.75), followed by Tanner stage (OR/HR =2.06), breast development (OR/HR =1.47), pubic hair development (OR/HR =1.47), and testicular development (OR/HR =1.22).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Childhood overweight/obesity is significantly associated wit","PeriodicalId":23294,"journal":{"name":"Translational pediatrics","volume":"15 8","pages":"315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559106/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thulium fiber laser cauterization approach to congenital pyriform sinus fistula: a case series.","authors":"Ying Wang, Chenling Shen, Xiaojun Liu, Jiarui Chen, Xiaoyan Li","doi":"10.21037/tp-2026-0486","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tp-2026-0486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital pyriform sinus fistula (CPSF) commonly induces recurrent cervical infection and suppurative thyroiditis in children. Endoscopic minimally invasive approaches have been widely adopted to replace invasive open surgery. Nevertheless, clinical data on thulium laser for pediatric CPSF remains limited, with its advantages and technical drawbacks poorly elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of thulium laser cauterization for pediatric CPSF to enrich relevant clinical evidence.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>This retrospective study enrolled 9 pediatric CPSF patients who received endoscopic thulium laser cauterization. The mean operative age was 6.46 years, and most fistulas were left-sided (8/9). Seven patients suffered from recurrent cervical inflammation or acute suppurative thyroiditis, and two had cervical abscesses. Two acute-phase patients underwent synchronous abscess drainage. The mean operative time was 14.45±7.09 minutes with negligible bleeding. Only two children developed transient low-grade fever; no severe complications occurred. The average mucosal healing time was 8.22 days. During a mean follow-up of 11.42 months, merely one case relapsed and received open surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this preliminary, single-center series of nine pediatric patients, endoscopic thulium laser cauterization appeared technically feasible and no severe complications. However, given the small sample size, retrospective design, and limited follow-up, these findings should be regarded as early clinical experience. Definitive conclusions regarding long-term efficacy and recurrence risk require larger, prospective studies with extended follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":23294,"journal":{"name":"Translational pediatrics","volume":"15 8","pages":"352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of an early warning score for refractory <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> pneumonia in pediatric patients.","authors":"Dani Qin, Mengke Cheng, Xujiao Pu, Lingyun Xia, Xueping Zhu","doi":"10.21037/tp-2026-0444","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tp-2026-0444","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mycoplasma pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; pneumonia (MPP) is a common respiratory infection in children. Refractory &lt;i&gt;Mycoplasma pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; pneumonia (RMPP) can lead to severe complications if not identified early. This study aimed to develop and test an early warning scoring system for RMPP in children, serving as a clinical instrument for early detection of high-risk RMPP patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A retrospective study was performed using clinical data of children with MPP admitted during the period of January 2023 to December 2024. The patients were categorized into the general MPP (GMPP) group (56 cases) and RMPP group (34 cases) depending on the occurrence of progression to RMPP. The two groups were compared with regard to clinical features, laboratory findings, radiographic appearances, and features of the pathogen. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors, and an RMPP early warning scoring system (RMPP-EWS) was developed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess model performance. To mitigate overfitting and quantify the optimism in predictive performance, an internal bootstrap validation with 1,000 resamples was conducted. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of excluding fever duration from the prediction model, and a comparative evaluation was carried out between an equal-weighted scoring system and a coefficient-based weighted scoring system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The RMPP group had a significantly increased pre-admission fever duration, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer level, and more atelectasis and A2063G mutation than the GMPP group (P&lt;0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that duration of fever ≥7 days [odds ratio (OR) =6.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.30-17.82], CRP ≥20 mg/L (OR =3.43), LDH ≥400 U/L (OR =4.29), D-dimer ≥500 µg/L (OR =3.07), atelectasis (OR =5.35), and A2063G mutation (OR =3.84) were predictors of RMPP. The RMPP-EWS (0-12 points) was developed based on these indicators. The analysis of the ROC curve showed an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.892 (95% CI: 0.823-0.961), and the optimal cutoff value was ≥6 points, with a sensitivity of 85.3% and a specificity of 82.1%. The optimism-corrected AUC from bootstrap validation was 0.871 (95% CI: 0.802-0.940), with a shrinkage factor of 0.92. The five-variable model (excluding fever duration) demonstrated an AUC of 0.854 (95% CI: 0.771-0.937), and the coefficient-based weighted score showed an AUC of 0.896 (95% CI: 0.828-0.964), which was not significantly different from the equal-weighted score (DeLong test, P=0.68). The risk stratification included the following: low risk (0-4 points, RMPP incidence 10.7%), moderate risk (5-8 points, 36.8%), and high risk (9-12 points, 70.8%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The RMPP-EWS shows a predictive value and has the cap","PeriodicalId":23294,"journal":{"name":"Translational pediatrics","volume":"15 8","pages":"307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hypoxic burden algorithm: an integrated index for assessing intermittent hypoxia in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea-a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Lingling Zhong, Fanyu Mu, Uul Gegeen, Junmei Zhang, Liang Li, Wei Wang, Guangping Liu, Bei Shen, Shuang Li, Hualei Cui","doi":"10.21037/tp-2026-0660","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tp-2026-0660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves recurrent upper-airway obstruction during sleep, which leads to intermittent hypoxia (IH) and contributes to neurocognitive, cardiovascular, and metabolic complications. Polysomnography (PSG) and the Obstructive Apnea-Hypopnea Index (OAHI) are commonly used for diagnosis; however, conventional nocturnal hypoxic metrics such as lowest oxygen saturation (LSpO₂), mean oxygen saturation (MSpO₂), total time with oxygen saturation below 90% (T90), and oxygen desaturation index ≥3% (ODI3) fail to capture the cumulative burden. Hypoxic burden (HB) has therefore gained attention as an integrated measure that reflects the frequency, depth, and duration of desaturation events; however, its use and clinical value in pediatric OSA remain uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the clinical value of HB in diagnosing pediatric OSA and compare its diagnostic performance with conventional nocturnal hypoxic metrics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of PSG data from 115 children with suspected OSA at Tianjin Children's Hospital between December 2020 and November 2025. Data were analyzed using internally developed Matlab software. The differential performance of five nocturnal IH parameters (LSpO₂, MSpO₂, T90, ODI3, and HB) was compared across four groups: normal, mild, moderate, and severe OSA. All data were manually scored according to the AASM Scoring Manual (version 2.6).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort (72 males, 43 females; mean age 6.44±2.86 years) was distributed into normal (n=15), mild (n=63), moderate (n=23), and severe OSA (n=14) groups based on OAHI. Significant differences were observed among severity groups for ODI3, T90, and HB. Correlation analysis showed LSpO₂ and MSpO₂ had weak-to-moderate negative correlations with OAHI (r=-0.490 and r=-0.543, respectively). ODI3 (r=0.788) and T90 (r=0.700) showed moderate positive correlations. Importantly, HB demonstrated a strong correlation with OAHI (r=0.801). ROC curve analysis indicated weak diagnostic capability for LSpO₂ (AUC =0.689) and MSpO₂ (AUC =0.614). ODI3 (AUC =0.857) and T90 (AUC =0.701) showed moderate value, while HB (AUC =0.888) demonstrated the best diagnostic performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We successfully developed an HB algorithm, demonstrating its significant advantage in pediatric OSA diagnosis. Compared to traditional indices that reflect only a single dimension of oxygen desaturation, HB integrates the frequency, depth, and duration of hypoxia. This provides a robust, objective alternative for the early screening and clinical assessment of children with OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23294,"journal":{"name":"Translational pediatrics","volume":"15 8","pages":"345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to evaluate, triage, and sedate a patient in the congenital cardiac catheterization laboratory.","authors":"Eleni Asimacopoulos, Brian Quinn, Kirsten C Odegard","doi":"10.21037/tp-2026-0415","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tp-2026-0415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The congenital cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCCL) has evolved into one of the most physiologically demanding environments in pediatric cardiovascular care for not only the interventional cardiologist, but also the anesthesiologist. Once primarily diagnostic, the CCCL now functions as a high-acuity interventional laboratory capable of treating both acquired and congenital heart disease (CHD), through the entire lifespan of patients with CHD. Technological innovation in device design, advanced imaging modalities, and hybrid surgical collaboration has expanded the therapeutic scope to include ductal stenting in neonates, atrial and ventricular defect closure, pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein dilations, transcatheter valve implantation, and complex hybrid surgical-catheter palliation strategies. For the anesthesiologist, the CCCL environment combines the high-acuity demands of an operating room (OR) with several unique features, including: limited access to the airway once sterile fields are established, exposure to radiation, confined workspace, and often prolonged procedural times. In addition, significant hemodynamic instability and arrhythmias may occur in the setting of catheters and sheaths within the cardiac chambers. Certain interventional procedures can transiently obstruct cardiac output, resulting in profound hemodynamic compromise. All of this occurs without the safety net of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the cardiac OR. This requires the anesthesia team to anticipate rapid physiological changes and respond immediately to maintain cardiovascular stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23294,"journal":{"name":"Translational pediatrics","volume":"15 8","pages":"350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors and construction of prediction model for plastic bronchitis in children with <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> pneumonia.","authors":"Rui Xin, Xinhui Yuan, Juntao Jin, Jing Shu, Xinhua Ye","doi":"10.21037/tp-2026-0316","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tp-2026-0316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children's health is at serious risk due to the possibility of developing life-threatening plastic bronchitis (PB) from severe <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> pneumonia (SMPP). It is critical to detect PB early. A risk prediction model was developed and evaluated in this study to enable early warning and intervention for high-risk pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 180 children with SMPP were the subject of a retrospective analysis. Patients were divided into a PB group (60 cases) and a non-PB group (120 cases) based on the results of fiberoptic bronchoscopies. Imaging results, laboratory data, and clinical traits were compared between groups. Candidate predictors of PB were initially screened using univariable analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Independent risk factors were subsequently identified through multivariate logistic regression, and a prediction model was constructed. Internal validation was performed on the model, and its discriminatory power, calibration, and clinical value were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration, and clinical decision curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Independent risk variables for PB in children with SMPP were history of intensive care unit (ICU) admission [odds ratio (OR): 4.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41-13.82; P=0.01], fever duration (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.09-1.47; P=0.002), neutrophil percentage (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.09; P=0.03), and lactate dehydrogenase (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01-1.01; P<0.001). The predictive model built using these parameters had a sensitivity of 81.7% and a specificity of 85.0%, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.871 (95% CI: 0.813-0.929). The model's strong consistency and practical applicability were validated using calibration curves and clinical decision-support analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The goal of the study was to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting PB in children with SMPP, thereby facilitating early identification of PB in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23294,"journal":{"name":"Translational pediatrics","volume":"15 8","pages":"321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Admission SpO₂/FiO₂ ratio for mortality risk stratification in children with severe pneumonia: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Huiling Zhang, Zhenjie Chen","doi":"10.21037/tp-2026-0577","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tp-2026-0577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe pneumonia remains a major cause of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and death, particularly in settings where access to vaccination, timely care, and reliable oxygen systems is uneven. Conventional prognostic assessment combines clinical severity, organ dysfunction, and laboratory biomarkers, but many components are intermittent or invasive. This study aimed to evaluate whether the admission peripheral oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO₂/FiO₂; S/F) ratio provides additional, non-invasive prognostic information in children with severe pneumonia requiring respiratory support.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 218 children with severe pneumonia admitted to the PICUs of three teaching hospitals in China from December 2021 to November 2024. Admission clinical characteristics, respiratory support, oxygenation indices, and laboratory variables were extracted from electronic medical records. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Associations with mortality were evaluated using group comparisons, correlation analysis, exploratory logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-one children died, giving an in-hospital mortality rate of 28.0%. Non-survivors had lower admission S/F and SpO₂/FiO₂ (P/F) ratios and more frequently received invasive mechanical ventilation. Higher lactate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were associated with increased mortality risk. In exploratory logistic regression, a higher S/F ratio was associated with lower mortality risk [odds ratio (OR) 0.988 per one-unit increase, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.981-0.995; P=0.001]. The S/F ratio showed modest single-marker discrimination [area under the curve (AUC), 0.637].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The admission S/F ratio was inversely associated with in-hospital mortality in children with severe pneumonia requiring respiratory support. It may be used at PICU admission and after changes in oxygen therapy as a rapid adjunct to clinical assessment, severity scores, lactate, and organ dysfunction markers. Because discrimination was modest and respiratory-support modalities were heterogeneous, the S/F ratio should not be used alone or as a fixed treatment threshold without prospective validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23294,"journal":{"name":"Translational pediatrics","volume":"15 8","pages":"303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics in asthma: immunoregulatory mechanisms and emerging opportunities for respiratory delivery-a narrative review.","authors":"Xiaocheng Wu, Yicheng Xie, Yingshuo Wang, Jiani Shan, Jiayao Song, Zhiyuan Lin, Rongrong Pan, Xin Yang","doi":"10.21037/tp-2026-0390","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tp-2026-0390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Asthma is a complex heterogeneous respiratory disease influenced by various factors such as genetics, immunity, and environment. Probiotics and related microbial preparations can be used in the prevention and treatment of asthma. This review aims to clarify the role and mechanism of microbial preparations in the treatment of asthma through respiratory administration, as well as the theoretical basis as delivery carriers. This may provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed the narrative review method and searched for articles published on PubMed between January 2007 and February 2026. The search terms included asthma, probiotics, airway microbiota, respiratory administration and nanoparticles. The inclusion criteria covered relevant original research, reviews, and guidelines, while editorials and articles lacking full text were excluded.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>Alterations in airway microbiota are closely associated with the occurrence of asthma. Animal studies have demonstrated that oral intake of probiotics can effectively alleviate asthma symptoms, but their clinical application remains controversial. The main reasons include differences in study populations, asthma phenotypes, probiotic strains, dosages and treatment courses. The therapeutic effects and mechanisms of probiotic respiratory administration for asthma have been confirmed in animal experiments. Probiotics as delivery vehicles for respiratory administration in the treatment of asthma are theoretically feasible.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Probiotics respiratory administration represents a potentially promising strategy to treat asthma. Probiotics as delivery vehicles can also be used to deliver anti-asthma drugs. However, current evidence is predominantly preclinical, and further studies are needed to optimize delivery, ensure safety and product standardization, and confirm clinical efficacy before routine clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":23294,"journal":{"name":"Translational pediatrics","volume":"15 8","pages":"349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond screen time: rethinking social media as a developmental context for adolescent well-being.","authors":"Jean-Philippe Chaput, Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga","doi":"10.21037/tp-2026-0564","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tp-2026-0564","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23294,"journal":{"name":"Translational pediatrics","volume":"15 8","pages":"298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}