Tree physiology最新文献

{"title":"Publisher's Note: Origin and fate of carbon and nitrogen reserves in trees.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":"44 13","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local adaptation to aridity in a widely distributed angiosperm tree species is mediated by seasonal increase of sugars and reduced growth.","authors":"Frida I Piper, Alex Fajardo","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpad078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpad078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trees in dry climates often have higher concentrations of total non-structural carbohydrates (NSC = starch + soluble sugars [SS]) and grow less than conspecifics in more humid climates. This pattern might result from the growth being more constrained by aridity than the carbon (C) gain, or reflect local adaptation to aridity, since NSC fuel metabolism and ensure adequate osmoregulation through the supply of SS, while low growth reduces water and C demands. It has been further proposed that C allocation to storage could come at the expense of growth (i.e., a growth-storage trade-off). We examined whether NSC and growth reflect the local adaptation to aridity in Embothrium coccineum J. R. Forst & G. Forst. (Proteaceae), a species with an exceptionally wide niche. To control for any influence of phenotypic plasticity on NSC and growth, we collected seeds from dry (46° 16'S, 71° 55'W, 500 mm year-1) and moist (45° 24'S, 72° 40'W, >2500 mm year-1) climates and grew seedlings in a common garden experiment for 3 years. We then compared the NSC and SS concentrations and pools (i.e., total contents) and the biomass of seedlings at spring, summer and fall. Seedlings from the dry climate had significantly lower biomass and similar NSC concentrations and pools as seedlings from moist climate, suggesting that reduced growth in arid environments does not result from a prioritization of C allocation to storage but that it confers advantages under aridity (e.g., lower transpiration area). Across organs, starch and NSC decreased similarly in seedlings from both climates from spring onward. However, root and stem SS concentrations increased during the growing season, and these increases were significantly higher in seedlings from the dry climate. The greater SS accumulation in seedlings from the dry climate compared with those from the moist climate demonstrates ecotypic differentiation in the seasonal dynamics of SS, suggesting that SS underlie local adaptation to aridity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11898622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10067626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uniform carbon reserve dynamics along the vertical light gradient in mature tree crowns.","authors":"Cedric Zahnd, Miro Zehnder, Matthias Arend, Ansgar Kahmen, Günter Hoch","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the within-tree variability of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) is crucial for interpreting point measurements and calculating whole-tree carbon balances. Yet, little is known about how the vertical light gradient within tree crowns influences branch NSC concentrations and dynamics. We measured NSC concentrations, irradiance and key leaf traits in uppermost, sun-exposed and lowest, shaded branches in the crowns of mature, temperate trees from nine species with high temporal resolution throughout one growing season. Measurements from two additional years allowed us to test the generality of our findings amongst climatically contrasting years. Despite the vertical light gradient, we found very similar seasonal NSC dynamics and concentrations between sun and shade branches in most species. This can at least partially be explained by acclimations in specific leaf area and photosynthetic leaf traits compensating the different light availability between the top and bottom canopy. Only in the ring-porous species Quercus petraea x robur and Fraxinus  excelsior was starch refilling after budbreak slower in lower branches. End-of-season NSC concentrations were similar between canopy positions and amongst observation years. Only Fagus sylvatica had 40 and 29% lower starch concentrations by the end of the extremely dry year 2020, relative to the other 2 years. We show that NSC measured anywhere in a tree crown is often representative of the whole crown. Overall, our results suggest that carbon reserve dynamics in trees are largely insensitive to both microclimatic gradients and inter-annual climatic variation, and only deviate under severe carbon deficits, as was presumably the case with Fagus in our study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"232-245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11898625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree carbon dynamics: what the age and availability of nonstructural carbohydrates can tell us about forest ecosystem resilience in a changing world†.","authors":"Kyra A Prats, Morgan E Furze","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpad143","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpad143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"217-220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting to the root of carbon reserve dynamics in woody plants: progress, challenges and goals.","authors":"Simon M Landhäusser, Henry D Adams","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae151","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced belowground sink activity in Populus: 'Spray and pray' meets high-throughput transcriptomics and metabolomics.","authors":"Rachel Spicer","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpad090","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpad090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"102-105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropical forest lianas have greater non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in the stem xylem than trees.","authors":"Caroline Signori-Müller, David Galbraith, Julia V Tavares, Simone M Reis, Francisco C Diniz, Martin Gilpin, Beatriz S Marimon, Geertje M F van der Heijden, Camila Borges, Bruno B L Cintra, Sarah Mião, Paulo S Morandi, Alex Nina, Carlos A Salas Yupayccana, Manuel J Marca Zevallos, Eric G Cosio, Ben H Marimon Junior, Abel M Mendoza, Oliver Phillips, Norma Salinas, Rodolfo Vasquez, Maurizio Mencuccini, Rafael S Oliveira","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpad096","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpad096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lianas (woody vines) are important components of tropical forests and are known to compete with host trees for resources, decrease tree growth and increase tree mortality. Given the observed increases in liana abundance in some forests and their impacts on forest function, an integrated understanding of carbon dynamics of lianas and liana-infested trees is critical for improved prediction of tropical forest responses to climate change. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) are the main substrate for plant metabolism (e.g. growth, respiration), and have been implicated in enabling tree survival under environmental stress, but little is known of how they vary among life-forms or of how liana infestation impacts host tree NSC. We quantified stem xylem total NSC concentrations and its fractions (starch and soluble sugars) in trees without liana infestation, trees with ˃50% of the canopy covered by lianas, and the lianas infesting those trees. We hypothesized that (i) liana infestation depletes NSC storage in host trees by reducing carbon assimilation due to competition for resources; (ii) trees and lianas, which greatly differ in functional traits related to water transport and carbon uptake, would also have large differences in NSC storage. As water availability has a significant role in NSC dynamics of Amazonian tree species, we tested these hypotheses within a moist site in western Amazonia and a drier site in southern Amazonia. We did not find any difference in NSC, starch or soluble sugar concentrations between infested and non-infested trees, in either site. This result suggests that negative liana impact on trees may be mediated through mechanisms other than depletion of host tree NSC concentrations. We found lianas have higher stem NSC and starch than trees in both sites. The consistent differences in starch concentrations, a long-term NSC reserve, between life forms across sites reflect differences in lianas and trees carbon gain and use. Soluble sugar concentrations were higher in lianas than in trees in the moist site but indistinguishable between life forms in the dry site. The lack of difference in soluble sugars between trees and lianas in the dry site emphasizes the importance of this NSC fraction for the metabolism of plants occurring in water limited environments. Abstracts in Portuguese and Spanish are available in the supplementary material.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"159-172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10061619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saving for an emergency: how does carbon storage contribute to tree survival under long-term stress?","authors":"Honglang Duan, Simon M Landhäusser, Shengnan Ouyang, David T Tissue","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"186-191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal dynamics of stomatal regulation and carbon- and water-related traits for a native tree species in low subtropical China.","authors":"Li-Wei Zhu, Yan-Qiong Li, Long-Wei Lu, Jing-Yi Wang, Jie Du, Ping Zhao","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stomata are pivotal in modulating water and carbon processes within plants. However, our understanding of the temporal dynamics of water- and carbon-related traits, as influenced by stomatal behavior, remains limited. Here, we explore how stomatal regulation behavior and water- and carbon-related traits vary with changing environments by examining the seasonal variations in these traits of the native tree species Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. in low subtropical China. In February, April and July of 2022, a series of water- and carbon-related traits were measured in the leaves and stems. The results showed that S. superba exhibited isohydric behavior in February when the soil dried out and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was lower but anisohydric behavior in April and July when the soil was wetter and VPD was higher. In February, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and their components increased, and a relatively large contribution of soluble sugars to the change in NSC was observed. In the branches and phloem, NSC and their components displayed a relatively high monthly variability, suggesting their role in maintaining carbon balance within the trees. Conversely, the NSC in the leaves demonstrated minimal monthly variability. The specific leaf area, as well as the concentration of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) per unit mass in leaves and the cumulative stem water release, exhibited a decrease with a reduction in soil water potential. Interestingly, the hydraulic conductivity remained consistent throughout this process. Furthermore, the relatively low monthly growth rate observed in February could suggest a carbon sink limitation. In conclusion, the increased NSC and decreased water status of S. superba under relatively stressed soil conditions indicated a trade-off between water and carbon storage. Our findings enhance our comprehension of the dynamics and regulation of water and carbon status in forests, thereby advancing the development of plant carbon and water process models under climate change scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"246-259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11898628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon dynamics in long-term starving poplar trees-the importance of older carbohydrates and a shift to lipids during survival.","authors":"Juliane Helm, Jan Muhr, Boaz Hilman, Ansgar Kahmen, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Susan Trumbore, David Herrera-Ramírez, Henrik Hartmann","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpad135","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpad135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon (C) assimilation can be severely impaired during periods of environmental stress, like drought or defoliation, making trees heavily dependent on the use of C reserve pools for survival; yet, the dynamics of reserve use during periods of reduced C supply are still poorly understood. We used stem girdling in mature poplar trees (Populus tremula L. hybrids), a lipid-storing species, to permanently interrupt the phloem C transport and induced C shortage in the isolated stem section below the girdle and monitored metabolic activity during three campaigns in the growing seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2021. We measured respiratory fluxes (CO2 and O2), non-structural carbon concentration, the respiratory substrate (based on isotopic analysis and CO2/O2 ratio) and the age of the respiratory substrate (based on radiocarbon analysis). Our study shows that poplar trees can survive long periods of reduced C supply from the canopy by switching in metabolism from recent carbohydrates to older storage pools with a potential mixture of respiratory substrates, including lipids. This mechanism of stress resilience can explain why tree decline may take many years before death occurs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"173-185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11898624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}