Tree physiology最新文献

{"title":"Populus salicinoids: A thriving subfield in the -omics era.","authors":"Noah J Kaufman, Jamie You, Brian G Fox, Shawn D Mansfield","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Members of the salicaceous genus Populus are primarily used by plant biologists as a model system for understanding the genetic underpinnings of woody plant growth and development. Beyond their importance to those conducting developmental research, Populus spp. are key members of ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere and show promise as a vital renewable source of biomass for sustainable biofuel production. This genus also produces a class of signature herbivore-deterring and medicinally significant phenolic glycosides, commonly referred to as salicinoids. Although salicinoids in Populus are primarily associated with defense against biotic disturbances, they have also been implicated in structuring the chemotaxonomy of Populus and Salicaceae, shaping endophytic microbiomes, directing abiotic stress responses, and participating in primary metabolism. Despite advancements in understanding these interactions through functional genomics and biotechnological techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9, much about their function and biosynthesis still remains obfuscated. Here, we summarize a global view of progress made in Populus salicinoid research, focusing particularly on studies conducted through a biotechnological lens, to elucidate the distribution, ecological significance, and biosynthesis of these compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas exchange of Pinus densiflora seedlings is reduced by the combined effect of high summer temperatures and cumulative heat under open-field warming.","authors":"Heejae Jo, Florent Noulèkoun, Koong Yi, Jinseo Kim, Gwang-Jung Kim, Minyoung Kwon, Gaeun Kim, Jae-Ah Lee, Jeong-Min Lee, Yowhan Son","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc. is one of the dominant coniferous species on the Korean Peninsula and is reportedly vulnerable to climate change. We investigated how P. densiflora seedlings respond to seasonal warming at an open-field nursery in Seoul, South Korea. Using infrared heaters, the ambient temperatures of four seedling groups were raised by 4°C at different periods of the growing season: control (C; no artificial warming), constant warming throughout the growing season (W; April 15th-October 15th), warming during summer only (WS; June 1st-August 31st), and warming during spring and fall (WSF; April 15th-May 31st and September 1st-October 15th). Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the effects of treatments, time of assessment, and season on the gas exchange and leaf pigment contents of the needles. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate was reduced by W from July to October, with the most pronounced decrease in October. The responses of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were quicker and stronger than that of net photosynthetic rate, showing reduction from June with the most pronounced decrease in October under W and in July to August under WS, thereby improving the water use efficiency of the seedlings. Across treatments, the reduction in physiological activities was most pronounced in the W treatment, highlighting the substantial negative impact of combined high temperatures and accumulated heat on the gas exchange of the seedlings. The decrease in the chlorophyll-to-carotenoid ratio further indicated that the seedlings were experiencing stress. Overall, our findings indicate that P. densiflora seedlings are more adversely affected by warming during summer than in spring and fall, with prolonged warming leading to greater impacts. Although increased water-use efficiency suggests the potential for adaptation to warming in P. densiflora, a long-term decline in gas exchange is anticipated under projected climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using fibre-optic sensing for non-invasive, continuous dendrometry of mature tree trunks.","authors":"Martijn van den Ende, Eléonore Oberlé, Thierry Améglio, Robin Ardito, Gildas Gâteblé","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dendrometry is the main non-invasive macroscopic technique commonly used in plant physiology and ecophysysiology studies. Over the years several types of dendrometric techniques have been developed, each with their respective strengths and drawbacks. Automatic and continuous monitoring solutions are being developed, but are still limited, particularly for non-invasive monitoring of large-diameter trunks. In this study, we propose a new type of automated dendrometer based on distributed fibre-optic sensing that continuously measures the change in stem circumference, is non-invasive, and has no upper limit on the trunk diameter on which it can be installed. We performed a three-month validation experiment during which we deployed a fibre-optic cable at three localities around the trunks of two specimens of Brachychiton. We verified the accuracy of this new method through comparison against a conventional point-dendrometer, and we observed a consistent time lag between the various measurement locations that varies with the meteorological conditions. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of the fibre-based dendrometer in the context of existing dendrometric techniques and practical experimental considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belowground communications change biomass allocation in Juglans mandshurica Maxim. and Larix gmelinii(Rupr.) Kuzen. seedlings.","authors":"Liu Yang, Dongliang Zheng, Tingting Li, Te Li, Yuhan Liu, Xiuwei Wang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomass allocation is a critical mechanism for understanding plant responses to environmental changes. In northeast China, mixed planting with Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii(Rupr.) Kuzen.) enhanced the productivity of Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshuricaMaxim.) plantations. However, the mechanisms underlying biomass allocation in these systems, particularly in relation to variation in root communication level, remained unclear. To address this, a 15-month pot experiment was conducted, in which Manchurian walnut and Dahurian larch seedlings were mix planted to examine how varying degrees of root interaction influenced the trade-off between aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) in these two species. The experiment included four treatments: Complete root separation and three levels of root communication (1 μm nylon mesh segregation, 45 μm nylon mesh segregation, and full root contact). Aboveground (leaf and stem) and root biomass, nutrient content (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), nutrient ratios, and key morphological and physiological traits of leaves and roots were measured for both species. The trade-offs between AGB and BGB were also quantified. The results revealed that root communication increased the AGB and BGB of Manchurian walnut by 39.53% and 28.81%, respectively, and reduced the AGB and BGB of Dahurian larch by 59.34% and 54.45%, respectively. Root communication shifted the biomass trade-off from a biased root allocation to an aboveground allocation in Manchurian walnut, while Dahurian larch exhibited the opposite trend. These trade-offs were directly associated with aboveground carbon-to-phosphorus ratios, root nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios, root carbon-to-phosphorus ratios, specific root surface area, and mycorrhizal colonization rates. In conclusion, these results indicated that mixed planting of Manchurian walnut and Dahurian larch altered the trade-off between AGB and BGB, with the magnitude varying with the level of root communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Insights into Alleviation Mechanism of Boron on H + Toxicity in Poncirus Trifoliate: Evidence from the Stabled Intracellular pH to the Repaired Plasma Membrane.","authors":"Jin Cheng, Muhammad Riaz, Saba Babar, Yu Liu, Siyun Xiao, Cuncang Jiang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inappropriate fertilization and poor management practices in citrus orchards can cause soil acidification, which may result in potential proton (H+) toxicity to citrus roots. It has been reported that boron (B) can mediate H+ detoxification in citrus; however, the mechanisms remain limited. Herein, a hydroponic experiment was employed to unravel the alleviation mechanism of B on H+ toxicity at pH 4 in trifoliate (Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf.) seedlings. H+ toxicity reduced cytoplasmic pH from 7.2 (control) to 6.9 and vacuolar pH from 5.6 (control) to 5.4. This severely damaged the plasma membrane (PM) and inhibited root activity by 35%. However, B supplementation restored cytoplasmic pH to 7.1 and vacuolar pH to 5.6, enhancing root activity by 52% and reducing membrane permeability (relative conductivity decreased by 28%). Mechanistically, B upregulated P-type ATPase (P-ATP) activity by 14%, conversely, suppressed V-type ATPase (V-ATP) hyperactivity by 9% to stabilize vacuolar pH. Furthermore, B restored PM integrity by increasing phospholipid (40%), glycolipid (50%), and sulfhydryl group (28%) content, critical for membrane structure and function. It is concluded that B can alleviate root growth inhibition induced by H+ toxicity via increasing the content of key components of PM, which not only repairs the damaged PM but also maintain cellular pH homeostasis through enzyme regulation. The improvement of citrus growth correspondingly safeguards the production capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of salicylic acid and brassinolide applications on salt tolerance in Cyclocarya paliurus: Amelioration of oxidative stress.","authors":"Zijie Zhang, Huiyin Jin, Kun Hong, Shengzuo Fang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil salinity is a major constraint limiting plant growth globally. Cyclocarya paliurus, a valuable tree species, exhibits limited tolerance to salinity, hindering its cultivation in saline soils. This study investigates the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and brassinolide (BR) applications on improving salt tolerance in C. paliurus using physiological, cytological, and molecular approaches. Results showed that the application of SA or BR significantly alleviated salt-induced growth inhibition and oxidative stress in C. paliurus, but the alleviating effects varied in their application doses. The applications of 0.5 mM SA or 1.0 mg L-1 BR enhanced seedling height by 89.7-97.4% and photosynthetic rate by 106.3-146.9% whereas reducing salt injury index by 36.0-38.0%, which is mainly via regulating the antioxidant enzyme activities, secondary metabolite accumulation, and gene expressions associated with these processes. Visualization staining of H2O2, O2•-, and cell viability also revealed that applications of 0.5 mM SA or 1.0 mg L-1 BR reduced the distributions of H2O2 and O2•- in leaves and invigorated cell viability under salt stress. Based on the analysis of ROS metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, we infer that the SA or BR applications could alleviate the salt-stress in C. paliurus mainly via regulating ROS scavenging and the expression of genes related to antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. These findings suggest that proper exogenous applications of either SA or BR hold promise for improving the salt tolerance of C. paliurus.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the drought-responsive changes in Poplar cuticular waxes: A GWAS analysis of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.","authors":"Melike Karaca-Bulut, Eliana Gonzales-Vigil, Wellington Muchero, Shawn D Mansfield","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought and episodic drought events are major impending impacts of climate change, limiting the productivity of plants and especially trees due to their inherent high transpiration rates. One common mechanism used by plants to cope with drought stress is to change the composition of their leaf cuticular waxes. Cuticular waxes are essential for controlling non-stomatal water loss and are typically composed of a homologous series of very-long-chain fatty acid-derived compounds, as well as flavonoids, tocopherols, triterpenoids, and phytosterols. In this study, we compared the cuticular waxes of 339 natural accessions of Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) grown under control and drought conditions in a common garden. A Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) was then used to identify candidate genes associated with cuticular wax biosynthesis and/or its regulation. Although no major differences were observed in total wax load when subject to drought conditions, the amounts of the individual wax constituents were indeed responsive to drought. Specifically, changes in alkenes, alcohols, esters, and aldehydes were evident, and suggest that they contribute to the drought response/tolerance in poplar. GWAS uncovered several genes linked to fatty acid biosynthesis, including CER1, CER3, CER4, FATB, FAB1, FAR3, FAR4, KCS, and a homolog of SOH1, as well as other candidate genes that may be involved in coordinating the drought responses in poplar trees. Our findings provide new evidence that genotype-specific shifts in wax composition, rather than total wax accumulation, contribute to drought adaptation in poplar. Additionally, we show that genetic variation in key wax biosynthetic genes drives cuticular wax plasticity in P. trichocarpa under drought, identifying putative molecular targets for improving stress resilience in trees. This study expands our understanding of the adaptative mechanisms of the cuticle and their potential for enhancing drought tolerance in poplar species.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The challenge of unravelling tree water-use strategies-Balancing deep root-water uptake vs water reserves.","authors":"Richard L Peters, Katrin Meusburger","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordination of economics and hydraulic traits shapes the adaptive strategies of tree species in two forest communities with distinct water regimes.","authors":"Shen-Si Liu, Yong-Jiao Zhou, Ke-Xin Guo, Shen-Hao Song, Dafubaiyila Zhao, Wen-Ming Ding, Fang Xiu, Guang-You Hao","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species distribution is strongly driven by local resource availability, while the coordination and trade-offs among plant functional traits can reveal their adaptive strategies and community assembly in environments of different resource availability. Plant economics and hydraulic traits play fundamental roles in plant environmental adaptation; however, how these key functional traits contribute to the formation of different adaptive strategies to shape community assembly in different environments remains largely unknown. Here, we assess the role of coordinated carbon economics and hydraulic strategies in shaping tree adaptation in environments with two distinct water regimes. We analyzed 20 leaf, stem and root functional traits related to plant economics and hydraulics for 10 tree species from a dry sandy land community and 10 tree species from a neighboring wet valley community. We found an economics spectrum that is coordinated with hydraulic traits, conveying a trade-off between stress tolerance associated with high tissue construction cost and resource acquisition efficiency. Trees in the dry sandy land community adopted a more conservative strategy, characterized by denser tissues, greater dry matter contents, lower carbon assimilation rates, higher leaf drought tolerance, narrower conduits, and larger Huber values, than trees from the valley. The functional coordination across organs was not detected in the sandy land forest, while the coupling of leaf economics and stem hydraulics occurred in the valley forest. Moreover, the trait network was looser in the sandy land forest compared to that in the valley forest. From sandy land to valley forests, the hub traits shifted from root diameter to stem vulnerability index and vessel diameter. Our results demonstrate that the coupled carbon and water related functional traits have played important roles in shaping the adaptive strategies of forest communities with distinct water regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an official gene nomenclature for Populus trichocarpa.","authors":"Susan Tweedie, Stanton Martin, Elspeth Bruford","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (www.genenames.org), which has been naming human genes for over 40 years, has been tasked with establishing an official gene nomenclature system for Populus trichocarpa. Here we review the factors that must be considered when establishing gene nomenclature guidelines. What makes a good gene symbol, and what lessons can be learned from other nomenclature projects? Are there particular challenges associated with naming genes in poplar species? We look at the published gene symbols for Populus and highlight some issues, e.g., the same symbols being used for different genes, and diverse approaches to naming in gene families. What approaches can we take to resolving such conflicts? Since community adoption is key to the success of any nomenclature initiative, we have surveyed poplar researchers for feedback on draft guidelines and discuss some of the issues raised. Finally, we discuss the sustainability of such infrastructure projects-if we build it will they come and who will fund the ongoing work?</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}