Tree physiology最新文献

{"title":"The challenge of unravelling tree water-use strategies-Balancing deep root-water uptake vs water reserves.","authors":"Richard L Peters, Katrin Meusburger","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordination of economics and hydraulic traits shapes the adaptive strategies of tree species in two forest communities with distinct water regimes.","authors":"Shen-Si Liu, Yong-Jiao Zhou, Ke-Xin Guo, Shen-Hao Song, Dafubaiyila Zhao, Wen-Ming Ding, Fang Xiu, Guang-You Hao","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species distribution is strongly driven by local resource availability, while the coordination and trade-offs among plant functional traits can reveal their adaptive strategies and community assembly in environments of different resource availability. Plant economics and hydraulic traits play fundamental roles in plant environmental adaptation; however, how these key functional traits contribute to the formation of different adaptive strategies to shape community assembly in different environments remains largely unknown. Here, we assess the role of coordinated carbon economics and hydraulic strategies in shaping tree adaptation in environments with two distinct water regimes. We analyzed 20 leaf, stem and root functional traits related to plant economics and hydraulics for 10 tree species from a dry sandy land community and 10 tree species from a neighboring wet valley community. We found an economics spectrum that is coordinated with hydraulic traits, conveying a trade-off between stress tolerance associated with high tissue construction cost and resource acquisition efficiency. Trees in the dry sandy land community adopted a more conservative strategy, characterized by denser tissues, greater dry matter contents, lower carbon assimilation rates, higher leaf drought tolerance, narrower conduits, and larger Huber values, than trees from the valley. The functional coordination across organs was not detected in the sandy land forest, while the coupling of leaf economics and stem hydraulics occurred in the valley forest. Moreover, the trait network was looser in the sandy land forest compared to that in the valley forest. From sandy land to valley forests, the hub traits shifted from root diameter to stem vulnerability index and vessel diameter. Our results demonstrate that the coupled carbon and water related functional traits have played important roles in shaping the adaptive strategies of forest communities with distinct water regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an official gene nomenclature for Populus trichocarpa.","authors":"Susan Tweedie, Stanton Martin, Elspeth Bruford","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (www.genenames.org), which has been naming human genes for over 40 years, has been tasked with establishing an official gene nomenclature system for Populus trichocarpa. Here we review the factors that must be considered when establishing gene nomenclature guidelines. What makes a good gene symbol, and what lessons can be learned from other nomenclature projects? Are there particular challenges associated with naming genes in poplar species? We look at the published gene symbols for Populus and highlight some issues, e.g., the same symbols being used for different genes, and diverse approaches to naming in gene families. What approaches can we take to resolving such conflicts? Since community adoption is key to the success of any nomenclature initiative, we have surveyed poplar researchers for feedback on draft guidelines and discuss some of the issues raised. Finally, we discuss the sustainability of such infrastructure projects-if we build it will they come and who will fund the ongoing work?</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated nitrogen fertilization enhances Scots pine growth and carbon uptake without persistent long-term effects in boreal forests.","authors":"Anni Palvi, Eduardo Martínez-García, Paul Szejner, Katja T Rinne-Garmston, Giles H F Young, Elina Sahlstedt, Raisa Mäkipää, Aleksi Lehtonen","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen (N) fertilization is known to enhance tree biomass production and carbon (C) assimilation in N-limited boreal forests. Yet, the long-term effects of repeated N applications remain limited. Here, we evaluate the impact of repeated N fertilization at 10-year intervals over six decades on a nutrient-poor Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in Central Finland. The analysis encompassed both short-term (single N-addition) and long-term (multi-decadal repeated N-additions) responses of basal area increment (BAI) and carbon isotope composition in tree rings (δ13C) from fertilized and control plots from 1960 to 2022. Furthermore, needle mass and chemistry were investigated, and stand-level nitrogen use efficiency (NUE, amount of stem volume or tree C increased per unit mass of N added) estimated. We found that a single N addition had a positive short-term effect on the tree ring δ13C during the first two years after fertilization. This suggests a combined effect on increase in photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductance, likely driven by greater needle mass and higher N content. BAI showed a delayed but rapid increase, attributable to enhanced needle mass from improved photosynthesis, reaching its peak 2 years after fertilization, and then persisting for a period of 4 - 7 years. However, by the end of each decadal fertilization cycle, BAI and δ13C values in N treatment reached those of control, demonstrating no lasting site carry-over effects. The mean decadal NUE for the tree stem volume was 0.16 m3 per kg N added, indicating a significant degree of N retention in the forest ecosystem. After six decades, the cumulative impact of repeated fertilization led to a 47% increase in BAI in fertilized plots compared to controls, demonstrating the efficacy of accumulated short-term growth enhancements. Our findings highlight the potential of repeated N fertilization as an effective forest management practice to support the bioeconomy and mitigate climate change in nutrient-poor boreal forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol deposition affects water uptake and water loss of beech leaves.","authors":"Irmgard Koch, Ansgar Kahmen, Jürgen Burkhardt","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The deposition of aerosols on leaves could significantly influence plant-atmosphere-interaction through the formation of very thin aqueous films that allow the transport of liquid water through the stomata. Such films can be formed by deliquescence and dynamic expansion of hygroscopic aerosols ('hydraulic activation of stomata'). Two processes that may be associated with stomatal liquid water transport are foliar water uptake (FWU) and the contribution of 'leaky stomata' to minimum epidermal conductance (gmin). We investigated whether ambient aerosols affect FWU and gmin of Fagus sylvatica seedlings. Plants were grown in ventilated greenhouses with ambient air or filtered, almost aerosol-free air. gmin was determined using leaf drying curves. FWU was investigated gravimetrically and with deuterium-enriched water, starting from different leaf water potentials, by spraying freshly-cut or pre-dried leaves (60 minutes). The presence of aerosols in the environment increased gmin by about 47%, confirming previous measurements in other species. The gravimetric measurements did not show a significantly increased FWU. However, deuterium uptake was higher when aerosols were present, indicating a lower resistance for water uptake into the leaves. Deuterium uptake was higher for freshly-cut leaves than for pre-dried leaves, despite the lower leaf water potential. Both gmin and FWU results are consistent with bidirectional stomatal transport of liquid water along aerosol-induced pathways. FWU could also have also been generated by water vapor fluxes through 'reverse transpiration', although the functional contribution of the aerosols would remain unclear. At low leaf water potential, the pathway may dry out and become less functional for FWU, whereas it may still be noticeable as stomatal leakage, given the strong gradient of water potential from the leaf interior to the atmosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and molecular responses of poplar to salt stress and functional analysis of PagGRXC9 to salt tolerance.","authors":"Jiechen Wang, Changjun Ding, Congcong Cui, Jiaqi Song, Guangxin Ji, Nan Sun, Siyue Qi, Jie Li, Zhiru Xu, Huihui Zhang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf039","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil salinization is increasingly recognized as a critical environmental challenge that significantly threatens plant survival and agricultural productivity. To elucidate the mechanism of salt resistance in poplar, physiological and transcriptomic analyses were conducted on 84K poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) under varying salt concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl). As salt levels increased, observable damage to poplar progressively intensified. Differentially expressed genes under salt stress were primarily enriched in photosynthesis, redox activity and glutathione metabolism pathways. Salt stress reduced chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate, accompanied by the downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes. NaCl (300 mM) significantly inhibited the photochemical activity of photosystems. The higher photochemical activity under 100 and 200 mM NaCl was attributed to the activated PGR5-cyclic electron flow photoprotective mechanism. However, the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-like (NDH)-cyclic electron flow was inhibited under all salt levels. Salt stress led to reactive oxygen species accumulation, activating the ASA-GSH cycle and antioxidant enzymes to mitigate oxidative damage. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that five photosynthesis-related hub genes (e.g., FNR and TPI) were down-regulated and nine antioxidant-related hub genes (e.g., GRX, GPX and GST) were up-regulated under salt stress conditions. PagGRXC9 encodes glutaredoxin and was found to be differentially expressed during the salt stress condition. Functional studies showed that overexpressing PagGRXC9 enhanced salt tolerance in yeast, and in poplar, it improved growth, FV/FM, non-photochemical quenching values and resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative stress under salt stress. This study constructed the photosynthetic and antioxidant response network for salt stress in poplar, revealing that PagGRXC9 enhances salt tolerance by reducing photoinhibition and increasing antioxidant capacity. These findings provide valuable insights for breeding salt-tolerant forest trees.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How phenology interacts with frost tolerance in Southeastern Himalayan Rhododendron species.","authors":"Hongyan Jin, Xiaoqing Yin, Yue Qi, Jurriaan M de Vos, Hang Sun, Christian Körner, Yang Yang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf036","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The frost resistance of new foliage and flowers and their relationship with the phenology of leaf-out and flowering are essential for explaining plant species distribution in seasonally cold climates. In this study, we performed a congeneric, elevational comparison of phenology with frost resistance in evergreen Rhododendron species in the Southeastern Himalayas. A comparison of the microclimate with long-term meteorological records of low temperature extremes permitted the calculation of a realistic, long-term margin of safety for 12 Rhododendron species. Surprisingly, frost resistance and phenological events were matching for leaf-out time (not flowering) in higher elevation species only. Flower-leaf sequence (FLS) and frost resistance were linked for species at higher elevation and the earliest flowering species at lower elevation only. Despite a selection of FLS by elevation, flowers (including petals, filaments and ovaries) were still prone to frost damage during the early growing season at both lower and higher elevations, while new leaves were generally safe on long-term scales, regardless of phenology and elevation. In contrast to lower montane elevation, where severe frost is rare in spring, treeline elevation species maintain safety margins over centennial time-scales by adjusting leaf-out phenology. Our data show an evolutionary priority of leaf survival over flower survival. Both, physiological acclimation and phylogenetic components contribute to these adjustments. Rare extreme frost events restrict the upper range limit of the examined Rhododendron species by affecting new foliage. It is essential to know the actual temperature extremes at organ level rather than relying on weather station records.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The aridity influence on oxygen isotopes recorded in tree rings.","authors":"Kinzie Bailey, Paul Szejner, Brandon Strange, Rhiannon Nabours, Russell K Monson, Jia Hu","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The stable isotopes of oxygen in wood cellulose (δ18Ocell) have been widely used to reconstruct historical source water use in trees or changes in atmospheric humidity. However, in many cases, the δ18O of source water use is assumed to reflect that of precipitation, which is often not the case in semi-arid to arid ecosystems where trees use deeper and older water from previous precipitation events (or even groundwater). Furthermore, the degree to which δ18Ocell reflects source water and atmospheric aridity depends on pex, normally defined as the proportion of oxygen atoms that exchange between isotopically enriched carbohydrates from the leaf and unenriched xylem water during cellulose synthesis. Many studies treat pex as a constant. However, pex can only be estimated with direct measurements of δ18Ocell and the δ18O of tree source water and sucrose. Additionally, other physiological mechanisms (e.g., photosynthate translocation) can alter the isotopic signal before cellulose is produced. Thus, determining this 'apparent pex' (apex; which includes those other physiological mechanisms such as photosynthate translocation plus the exchange of oxygen atoms during cellulose synthesis), can be difficult. In this study, we collected δ18O of xylem water and δ18O of wood cellulose from seven stands of Ponderosa pine situated at the northern boundary of the North American Monsoon (NAM) climate system to assess how potential variability in apex influenced how source water and aridity were recorded in δ18Ocell. We compared measured and modeled values of δ18Ocell and found that more arid sites under-represented the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) signal in cellulose while wetter sites over-represented the VPD signal in cellulose. We also found that apex varied as a function of site aridity, where low precipitation and high VPD led to high apex, while high precipitation and low VPD led to low apex. Future studies can use our emerging understanding of the aridity-apex relationship in different portions of the annual ring to better disentangle the source water and VPD signals in cellulose, particularly for regions such as the NAM region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf physiological and endophytic microbial community characteristics and interactions of different scions grafted onto Malus sieversii.","authors":"Huanhuan Zhang, Dongdong Yao, Hossam S M Ali, Guangxin Zhang, Xujiao Li, Jingshan Xi, Yingchi Liang, Li Shao, Fengyun Zhao, Songlin Yu, Kun Yu","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf042","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endophytic microbial communities in scion leaves substantially impact the growth efficiency of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.); however, the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. Herein, we grafted three varieties-Malus sieversii, Hanfu and Fuji-onto M. sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem rootstocks and employed high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate how physiological traits of scion leaves influence endophytic microbiota and apple tree growth. Compared with the M. sieversii scion, the aboveground (+49.28%) and root (+62.77%) biomass of juvenile trees grafted with the Hanfu scion significantly increased, with the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance rising by 20.40% and 42.26%, respectively. Additionally, the leaves of the Hanfu scion exhibited a significant increase in sucrose synthase activity and carbon accumulation (CA) compared with the M. sieversii and Fuji scions, while the carbon content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) significantly decreased. Furthermore, through 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer high-throughput sequencing, we found that the diversity and abundance of endophytic bacteria and fungi in the leaves of the Hanfu scion were higher than in the M. sieversii and Fuji scions. Hanfu scion leaves were predominantly enriched with the phyla Firmicutes and Ascomycota and the genus Salinicoccus. A close association was observed between leaf endophytic bacterial and fungal communities and physiological traits, with particularly significant correlations in the fungal communities. Parameters such as leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, chlorophyll b content, C/N and CA were implicated in enriching dominant endophytic microbial phyla and genera. Through partial least squares structural equation models, we confirmed that leaf photosynthetic properties and carbon and nitrogen metabolism significantly affect leaf carbon and nitrogen accumulation through the regulation of endophytic fungal diversity, thereby affecting apple tree growth. In conclusion, the interaction between leaf physiological properties of different scion varieties and the diversity and composition of endophytic microbial communities influences apple tree growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of SRO gene family in Nitraria sibirica Pall. and the function of NsSRO1a in improving plant drought tolerance.","authors":"Rongfeng Duan, Hongxia Zhang, Yanqiu Zhao, Huilong Zhang, Rong Li, Xihong Wan, Shuaihui Zhang, Pengyu Ying, Huaxin Zhang, Xiuyan Yang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf050","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The SIMILAR TO RCD ONE (SRO) protein family is an important regulatory protein in plants and plays a key role in growth and development and adaptation to environmental stress. Nitraria sibirica Pall. grows in extreme environments and has significant stress resistance, so it is regarded as an ideal material for mining stress resistance genes. However, the members and functions of the SRO gene family in N. sibirica have not been studied. In this study, three SRO genes were identified in N. sibirica, named NsSRO1a, NsSRO1b and NsSRO2. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these genes could be divided into three groups (Group I, Group II and Group III) and showed high conservation in gene structure and conserved motifs. Promoter cis-acting element analysis revealed that the promoter regions of these genes contained a variety of stress response elements. After treatment with mannitol, it was found that the expression of NsSRO1a in N. sibirica was up-regulated, suggesting that it may be a key functional gene for drought resistance. NsSRO1a was overexpressed in poplar, a woody plant model, and overexpressed plants were verified. Overexpression of NsSRO1a significantly reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell damage by regulating stomatal aperture and increasing chlorophyll content, proline (Pro) content, antioxidant enzyme activity and related gene expression, thus significantly improving the drought resistance of transgenic plants. These results showed that NsSRO1a enhances the drought resistance of plants by regulating ROS metabolism under drought stress, which provides an important reference for improving plant stress resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}