Tree physiology最新文献

{"title":"Lignification-associated cell wall responses contribute to cadmium tolerance in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis).","authors":"Lai Wei, Li-Jun Huang, Yakov Kuzyakov, Chuantong Cui, Jianhua Huang, Ning Li","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag127","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpag127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that disrupts plant growth, photosynthesis and cellular homeostasis. Although Cd uptake, transport and detoxification have been extensively studied in plants, how lignification-associated cell-wall remodeling contributes to Cd tolerance remains poorly understood, particularly in highly lignified woody grasses. Here, we used moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) as a model to investigate whether lignification-associated responses participate functionally in the Cd stress response. Dose-response analysis showed that Cd caused progressive reduction of seedling growth and photosynthetic performance. At an early stage of exposure, Cd also induced redox imbalance and transcriptomic reorganization, including strong enrichment of phenylpropanoid- and lignin-associated pathways. These changes were accompanied by increased 4-coumarate:CoA ligase activity, accelerated lignin accumulation, stronger tissue lignification and thicker cell walls. Pharmacological perturbation provided additional support for the functional relevance of these responses. Treatment with 3,4-(methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid, which was used to suppress lignification-associated phenylpropanoid metabolism, intensified Cd-induced injury. Conversely, exogenous p-coumaric acid partially alleviated stress symptoms and promoted lignification-associated cell-wall responses. These contrasting treatments were also associated with altered Cd allocation between roots and leaves, with increased lignification stimulating root Cd sequestration and reduced leaf accumulation. Together, these findings indicate that lignification-associated cell-wall changes are closely associated with Cd tolerance in moso bamboo and may contribute to the Cd response, at least in part, by raising root Cd retention and restricting Cd accumulation in aerial tissues. This work therefore extends current understanding of heavy-metal stress biology in highly lignified woody species and provides a physiological basis for considering bamboo responses in the context of ecological restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aboveground and belowground carbon and nitrogen utilization in three drought-exposed subtropical tree species after rewetting.","authors":"Mei Feng, Shengnan Ouyang, Liehua Tie, Honglang Duan, Songze Wan, Jie Wang, Mai-He Li, Arthur Gessler","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag098","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpag098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought frequency and intensity increasingly threaten tree survival and growth by altering trees carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and water utilization. Yet, the interplay of aboveground and belowground processes during drought recovery remains unclear. We conducted a microcosm experiment with pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) and oak (Quercus acutissima Carruth.) saplings, exposing them to three levels of drought intensity (i.e. well-watered, moderate drought and severe drought) for 3 months, followed by 30 days of rewetting. Using 13C and 15N isotopes, we tracked C and N allocation. Our results showed that drought-stressed saplings rapidly increased net photosynthesis and predawn leaf water potential after rewetting, with the exception of severely drought-exposed oak. Root N uptake (represented by 15N recovery) also recovered quickly, even surpassing well-watered levels in moderately drought-exposed pine and fir. However, severe drought-stressed pine and fir exhibited significantly lower coarse root non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), while oak maintained higher root and stem NSC. The two coniferous species, previously severely drought-stressed, prioritized C and N allocation to aboveground and had reduced xylem hydraulic conductance after rewetting. The recovery rate of oak was slower, with limited N translocation to aboveground tissues due to leaf abscission. In conclusion, rapid root recovery coupled with more recently photosynthetic C retained in aboveground organ led to root NSC consumption in drought-stressed pine and fir. Conversely, oak's recovery was slower, largely driven by its phenology. This study underscores that aboveground and belowground C and N allocation patterns are closely linked during drought recovery, determined by species-specific traits and the severity of prior drought stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A unified framework for sapwood and stem water content in plants: structure, function and measurement.","authors":"Michael A Forster, Kamini Singha","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag123","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpag123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stem water content is a fundamental parameter governing key plant physiological processes, including transpiration, stomatal conductance, sap flow and hydraulic capacitance. Although extensively studied in the context of timber, construction and engineering, its physiological significance in living plants remains comparatively underdeveloped. This review synthesizes the physiological literature to provide a clear and consistent definition of stem water content, partitioning it into bark, phloem, sapwood and heartwood components, with particular emphasis on sapwood water content. A theoretical framework is developed to define the maximum and minimum bounds of sapwood water content based on porosity, basic wood density and the fibre saturation point. These bounds are supported by measurements compiled from the published literature including 3395 samples across 742 species. The diel range of sapwood water content is further examined in relation to wood density, hydraulic capacitance, atmospheric vapour pressure deficit and species-specific stomatal regulation (isohydric versus anisohydric behaviour). Measurement techniques, including wood sampling, dielectric sensors, heat-pulse methods and multiple tomographic techniques, are critically evaluated with respect to their underlying principles, advantages and limitations. This review provides a unified conceptual framework for sapwood water content, improving clarity, comparability and application in plant physiological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High temperature disrupts sporocyte development in Camellia meiocarpa.","authors":"Tongyue Zhang, Wanqing Xiao, Xing Liu, Jing Song, Chenrui Zhang, Yusi Cheng, Yufei Xia, Zhiqiang Han","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpag136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High temperature has a significant impact on plant reproductive development, driving the formation of 2n gametes by interfering with the meiosis and cytokinesis of sporocytes. This study used Camellia meiocarpa as the material, integrating cytological and molecular biology approaches to reveal the cytological effects and regulatory mechanisms of high temperature on sporocyte development. The results showed that meiosis in microsporocyte and megasporocyte of C. meiocarpa exhibits pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity. High temperature markedly disrupted sporocyte development and induced abnormal phenomena, inducing disordered cytokinesis, leading to the formation of dyads, triads in microsporocyte, as well as multinucleate cells occurring during the development of megaspores into mature embryo sacs. RNA-seq sequencing analysis indicates that the CoNPK1 gene may regulate meiotic and cytokinetic behavior in response to high temperature. Meanwhile, heterologous transformation in tobacco verified that the CoNPK1 gene induces the formation of dyads and triads through upregulated expression, which further leads to the production of 2n gametes. We speculate that the CoNPK1 gene regulates cell plate synthesis via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, thereby affecting cytokinesis and generating 2n gametes. This lays a theoretical foundation for ploidy breeding of woody oil crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus-driven changes in leaf phosphorus fractions shape species-specific hydraulics in a subtropical forest.","authors":"Asif Riaz, Zhimin Li, Muhammed Mustapha Ibrahim, Huiying Lin, Rufang Deng, Sherjeel Hashmat, Minghao Chen, Zhenshuang Li, Yongbiao Lin, Enqing Hou","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpag146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant physiological function, yet how P allocation among leaf fractions shapes trait responses in subtropical forests remains unclear. Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant photosynthetic and physiological functions. In subtropical ecosystems where P is limited, the allocation of P among different functional fractions in leaf is a potentially adaptive strategy for plants to cope with low soil P availability. However, the effect of imbalanced anthropogenic P input on leaf P fractions and their contributions to leaf functional traits remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of P additions (0, 25, 50, and 100 kg P ha-1 yr-1) on leaf P allocation, photosynthetic, hydraulic and water-relation traits in two dominant tree species (Schima superba and Magnolia Sumatrana) and two shrub species (Melicope pteleifolia and Psychotria rubra) within a nutrient addition experiment platform in a subtropical forest. With P additions, leaf total P concentration markedly increased in trees and shrubs; metabolic P proportion increased in trees; inorganic P concentration increased in shrubs. However, P addition did not increase the photosynthetic rate or the maximum leaf hydraulic conductance in any species. Tree species showed more negative turgor loss points and higher bulk modulus of elasticity with P addition. Furthermore, S. superba exhibited significantly lower relative water content and higher relative water deficit at the turgor loss point, while no significant response was observed in M. sumatrana, P. rubra, and M. pteleifolia under P addition. These results indicate cellular adjustments that enhance turgor maintenance and mechanical support, potentially contributing to the stabilization of leaf water relations. Although P addition did not affect leaf water-relation traits in shrub species, it increased leaf mass per area. These results indicate that P addition alters leaf P allocation and water-relations traits in a species-dependent manner. Predicting forest responses to P addition will therefore require species-specific trait-based approaches rather than assuming uniform ecosystem-wide effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treeline stress amplifies divergence in carbon-water responses between evergreen and deciduous conifers.","authors":"Xianji Yang, Yuan Jiang, Xinyuan Ding, Minghao Cui","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpag144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As alpine forests face increasingly intensified thermal and hydric constraints under climate change, understanding species-specific ecophysiological responses to environmental drivers across altitudinal habitats is essential. Yet whether coexisting evergreen and deciduous conifers adopt contrasting carbon-water regulation strategies under altitudinal stress remains unclear. We examined seasonal gas exchange dynamics in mature spruce (Picea meyeri) and larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) across contrasting altitudes in the Luya Mountain, northern China. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gsw), and leaf water potential (Ψl) were monitored throughout the growing season to quantify how stomatal behavior and environmental drivers regulate carbon-water coordination. At lower altitudes, both species exhibited similar seasonal dynamics, with vapor pressure deficit emerging as the primary constraint, indicating convergence in carbon-water coordination under relatively favorable conditions. In contrast, environmental controls on carbon-water regulation differed between species at the treeline: spruce was predominantly temperature-driven and weakly responsive to soil moisture, whereas larch maintained higher Pn and Gsw and responded mainly to soil water availability. These contrasting controls indicate distinct stomatal regulation strategies under treeline stress, with spruce may adopt a more conservative carbon-water balance and larch may exhibit greater regulatory flexibility. Overall, altitudinal stress shapes species-specific carbon-water coordination, promoting convergence at lower altitudes but amplifying functional divergence at the treeline. This mechanistic insight improves predictions of species-specific responses of alpine conifers to ongoing climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of wood formation for tropical trees growing in Southeast Asia.","authors":"Kang Han Wang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpag145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tropical forests in Southeast Asia are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth and are critical for carbon storage, water regulation, and climate stabilization. Yet, these forests face severe threats from deforestation due to illegal logging, agricultural expansion, and urban development. Conservation efforts and sustainable forest management are thus important in preserving their biodiversity and maintaining ecological functions. Studies on cambial activity in tropical trees provide valuable insights into species-specific adaptation strategies and the process underlying wood development. Unlike temperate forests, where growth rings clearly indicate seasonal patterns, tropical trees exhibit diverse and often irregular growth responses due to indistinct seasonal conditions. The environmental factors influencing cambial activity in trees remain poorly understood, restricting the accuracy of predictive models for tree growth carbon sequestration potential, and climate resilience. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on how climatic factors and phenological events influence cambial activity across different tropical forest types in Southeast Asia. In addition, it identifies the shortcomings in existing research and proposes directions for future studies. By linking cambial activity in trees with environmental factors, this review provides valuable perspectives for ecologists, policymakers, and forest managers seeking to enhance sustainable forest management and conservation strategies in one of the world's most ecologically significant regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belowground carbon use in woody plants under experimental warming: uneven evidence for fine-root, root-exudation, and mycorrhizal responses.","authors":"Shuming Peng, Licheng Ji, Xuyang Lu, Baoli Duan","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpag142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How warming changes belowground carbon use in woody plants remains poorly understood. Most experiments measure fine-root, root-exudation, and mycorrhizal responses separately, providing limited evidence on how these responses vary together within the same experiment. We synthesized 13 primary publications from 11 independent experiments: eight field, one outdoor pot, and two controlled experiments. Our synthesis showed no significant increase in fine-root biomass or production. Root respiration, mortality, and N concentration increased, whereas root P and non-structural carbohydrate concentrations decreased. Root-exudation measurements were reported differently across studies, limiting direct comparisons. Root-exudation responses also varied with nutrient treatment, season, and warming duration, while exudate quantity and composition did not always change together. Most mycorrhizal studies measured colonization or infection rather than direct plant-fungal carbon and nutrient exchange. Among the mycorrhizal studies included here, an isotope-based C-for-N ratio proxy varied with N source and sampling time. When multiple belowground responses were measured within the same experiment, concurrent increases in fine-root activity, root exudation, and mycorrhizal association occurred only under particular nutrient and temporal conditions and were not a general response to warming. Opposing responses did not demonstrate compensation; no study showed that an increase in one pathway offset a decrease in another in terms of nutrient acquisition or plant performance. Testing whether warming reallocates carbon among fine roots, root exudation, and mycorrhizal fungi will require coordinated measurements of carbon supply, comparable belowground carbon fluxes, plant nutrient acquisition, and competing carbon sinks within the same experiment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When environments mismatch - The limits of transgenerational climate memory in Scots pine.","authors":"Na Luo, Arthur Gessler, Falko Noé, Igor A Yakovlev, Isabel Weirich, Bernd Kammerer, Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi, Stefan Hunziker, Simon Lagies, Simone Maria Pieber, Daniel Mohl, Ugo Molteni, Kentaro Shimizu, Arun K Bose","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpag141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A long-term irrigation experiment in the dry Rhône Valley of Switzerland provides a unique opportunity to examine transgenerational environmental memory effects of persistent drought and irrigation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Previous work in this system showed that offspring from mother trees exposed to chronic drought (non-irrigated control) versus long-term irrigation differed markedly in growth and survival. Offspring from irrigated mothers grew faster under irrigated conditions but performed poorly under drought, whereas offspring from drought-exposed mothers showed higher growth and survival under drought conditions. While these responses suggested transgenerational environmental memory, the relative contributions of maternal provisioning versus epigenetic mechanisms could not be fully resolved. Notably, mother trees did not differ in genotype, and seed mass did not vary between treatments, indicating a limited role of maternal effects. Here, we tested whether transgenerational environmental memory effects persist after offspring were grown for three years under non-experimental conditions before being re-exposed to experimental hot-drought and irrigation treatments. In contrast to the earlier study, offspring from irrigated mothers did not show higher growth performance under irrigated conditions, indicating that irrigation-related memory weakened during the intervening non-treated phase. Conversely, seedlings originating from drought-exposed mothers consistently exhibited higher carbon assimilation and stem growth than those from irrigated mothers, irrespective of experimental treatment. Gene expression analyses showed differences in the number and identity of differentially expressed genes between offspring of drought- and irrigation-exposed mothers, although we lack data on DNA methylation, histone modifications, or small RNAs. Patterns in primary metabolites broadly mirrored the results of gene expression, with modest differences in osmoprotectants and stress-related compounds. Overall, our results indicate that transgenerational environmental memory effects in P. sylvestris can diminish over time and, depending on the parental and offspring environments, may even result in mismatch and maladjustments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic microbial community promotes seedling growth of Chinese fir via dissolving phosphorus and modifying rhizosphere microbial community.","authors":"Junhao Zhang, Songxie Xu, Chaoying Chen, Zhanling Wang, Wenjun Du, Liang Hong, Fred O Asiegbu, Kai Wang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpag135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth, yet its availability in soil is severely constrained by fixation into insoluble forms that plants cannot directly utilize. Although phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) represent a promising strategy to mobilize soil P, the functional potential of endophytic PSM and their synthetic consortia in promoting tree growth remains largely underexplored. In this study, endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Among them, 42 isolates were screened for phosphate-solubilizing activity on media containing calcium phosphate, iron phosphate, aluminum phosphate, and organic phosphorus. Six strains with strong solubilizing capacity and no antagonistic interactions were selected to construct a synthetic microbial community (SynCom-P6), which was then applied to local soil and Chinese fir seedlings. Soil available P content initially decreased but subsequently increased from day 7 to day 21 after SynCom-P6 inoculation, indicating effective mobilization of insoluble P in soil. Inoculation with SynCom-P6 significantly enhanced root elongation and biomass accumulation, with both root fresh and dry weights showing marked increases compared to the control. Absolute quantification 16S amplicon and metagenomic sequencing revealed that SynCom-P6 reshaped the rhizosphere bacterial community, enriching beneficial genera such as Massilia and Dyadobacter, and altered functional profiles, including upregulation of hormone signaling and nitrogen fixation related genes. These results demonstrated that the synthetic community not only improved soil P availability but also promoted root growth and modified the rhizosphere microbiome in a beneficial direction. Our findings highlight the potential of endophytic phosphate-solubilizing SynCom-P6 as a promising bio-inoculant for sustainable forestry, reducing the need for chemical P fertilizers while enhancing Chinese fir productivity. Future research should focus on field validation and mechanistic exploration of microbial interactions and functional gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}