Tree physiology最新文献

{"title":"Coppice and high forest Eucalyptus stands show similar drought resistance on deep soils.","authors":"Jenickson R S Costa, Jhuan L M Maciel, Magali R Silva, Otávio C Campoe, Guerric le Maire, Clayton A Alvares, Nicolas K Martin-StPaul, Paulo Bittencourt, Luciano Pereira, Leticia B Cagnoni, Jean-Paul Laclau, Yann Nouvellon, Sonia M F Ustulin, Joannès Guillemot","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf089","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing drought under climate change is affecting forests worldwide, raising concerns about management strategies for sustainable wood production. Eucalyptus, the dominant genus in hardwood plantations, can be managed as either coppice or high forest stands, yet the effects of this silvicultural decision on water stress and drought resistance remain largely unexplored. If coppice trees experience reduced water stress during their early growth due to the surviving deep root apparatus from the previous rotation, they may exhibit traits that are less adapted to drought survival. Here, we measured structural stand features (leaf area index, LAI; standing biomass), dehydration-resistance traits (leaf turgor loss point, Ψtlp; xylem vulnerability to embolism, Ψ50), in situ water stress (minimum leaf water potential, Ψmin) and metrics of drought-mortality risk (hydraulic safety margins, HSM) to compare the drought resistance and productivity of 10 Eucalyptus clones growing in deep soils under both high forest and coppice silvicultural treatments in a common garden in southeastern Brazil. Biomass at mid-rotation (3 years after planting) was on average 15% greater in coppice stands, associated with a 32% greater LAI across Eucalyptus clones. Standing biomass of clones grown in coppice could not be predicted from that of high forests. Water stress, drought resistance traits and drought-mortality risks were similar between silvicultural treatments. Some traits (LAI, Ψtlp, Ψ50, Ψtlp-based HSM) exhibited a consistent clonal ranking in both silvicultural treatments, while other traits (Ψmin, Ψmin-based HSM) did not. The hydraulic system of Eucalyptus trees does not plastically respond to coppicing, making coppice a viable option for Eucalyptus management under drought, if appropriate clonal selection is implemented. However, selecting drought-resistant and productive coppice clones based on high forest data should be considered with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Douglas-fir raises xylem safety in response to a drier climate but also increases supported leaf area.","authors":"Leonie P von Rudorff, Sharath S Paligi, Martyna M Kotowska, Fon Robinson Tezeh, Bernhard Schuldt, Christoph Leuschner","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf094","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phenotypic plasticity in traits related to plant water relations and hydraulics is fundamental for the adjustment of trees to rapid climate change. It is not fully understood how conifers can acclimatize their hydraulic system and foliage to a reduction in water availability. For the economically important species Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), we assessed the acclimation potential to a drier climate for mature trees of a common seed source by exploring the phenotypic plasticity of 15 hydraulic and water status-related traits across a steep precipitation gradient in the North German lowlands. Branch embolism resistance (P12, P50), turgor loss point (ΨTLP), hydraulic safety margin (HSM), Huber value, foliage area, needle lifespan and leaf mass δ18O and δ13C were measured. Across the 10 study sites, precipitation explained a large proportion of the variance in P12, P50, ΨTLP, leaf δ18O and δ13C and Huber value, while its influence on foliar traits was small. P12 and P50 became more resistant by ~ 0.2 MPa and ΨTLP decreased by ~ 0.1 MPa with a precipitation reduction by 310 mm year-1, indicating a significant increase in HSM with increasing climatic aridity; however, the extent of adjustment was small. Contrary to expectation, needle lifespan and foliage area increased, while Huber value decreased, with a reduction in precipitation, suggesting greater foliage drought exposure at drier sites. We found fairly high plasticity in hydraulic and foliar traits and enhanced embolism resistance in drier climates, which might distinguish Douglas-fir from other conifers. However, the Huber value reduction with decreasing precipitation suggests drought vulnerability in drier lowland regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trees use exogenous sugars for growth, but excess triggers negative feedback reducing photosynthetic carbon gain.","authors":"Yan-Li Zhang, Arthur Gessler, Marco M Lehmann, Matthias Saurer, Haoyu Diao, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Marcus Schaub, Yi Zhu, Andreas Rigling, Mai-He Li","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf092","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants' non structural carbohydrates (NSCs) serve as their capital for growth, reproduction, defense and survival. To increase the NSC availability of carbon-limited trees, a recent study revealed the possibility of adding exogenous soluble sugars to carbon-starved trees. This provides an opportunity to investigate carbon allocation between source and sink, as well as the growth and physiological responses to external sugars. Using this method, we infused 13C-labeled glucose solution into the stem xylem of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) trees (Experiment 1) and immersed branch cuttings of various tree species in a 13C-labeled glucose solution (Experiment 2). Our aim was to study whether infused sugars contribute to structural growth and how they influence photosynthesis. Specifically, we focused on whether trees can transport and utilize exogenous sugars for growth, and if sugar addition might trigger negative feedback mechanisms on carbon gain. We then traced the 13C label in bulk tissue and cellulose, and measured tissue NSC concentrations and leaf photosynthesis. Glucose addition consistently increased leaf NSC concentrations (Experiments 1 and 2), and exogenous sugars added were transported and incorporated into biomass formation in Experiment 1. However, excessive sugar addition triggered a negative feedback response, leading to leaf senescence (Experiments 1 and 2) and reduced photosynthesis (Experiment 2). Our findings validate the recently developed sugar addition method but emphasize the importance of carefully controlling the amount and rate of sugar addition to avoid negative feedback responses. This study will contribute to carbon physiological research, particularly in understanding carbon balance and source -sink relationships at the whole-plant level.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12398736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-specific interactions disrupted the nutrient dynamics and multifactorial responses (drought and salinity) in Dalbergia odorifera in a pure planting system.","authors":"El-Hadji Malick Cisse, Jing-Jing Zhou, David Fleisher, Yaseen Khan, Ling-Feng Miao, Da-Dong Li, Meng-Jie Tian, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf097","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Woody species associated with coastal shelter forest ecosystems often face multiple types of stress, including drought and salinity. The impact of these abiotic stresses when they occur individually and in combination can have substantial impacts on tree species distribution and survival. The effect of stressors can also be influenced by intra-specific biotic factors. The present study investigated the nutrient dynamics and eco-physiological responses of Dalbergia odorifera T. C. Chen in response to these stressors under three different pure planting densities. The results showed that exposure to either salinity or drought stress led to a significant reduction in biomass and photosynthesis and an increase in oxidative stress markers. However, the most severe effects were observed under combined stress conditions. The adverse effects of these stressors were exacerbated as planting density increased, highlighting the role of inter-plant competition in stress response. Although increasing plant density did not consistently affect the nutrient contents among different organs, higher densities tended to exacerbate nutrient stress, especially for sodium and potassium, indicating competitive interactions or altered uptake dynamics. Combined stress (drought, salinity and planting density) conditions generally result in synergistic effects in several key physiological parameters, leading to more severe impacts on plant physiology than individual stresses. The findings have implications for managing this woody forest species in forestry and agricultural backdrops, particularly under extreme weather conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144837905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jack pine's responses to climate change: increased water-use efficiency but evident growth limitations in dry environments.","authors":"Oloruntobi Gideon Olugbadieye, Etienne Boucher, Annie Deslauriers, Yves Bergeron, Eric Rosa, Marc-André Lemay, Fabio Gennaretti","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pinus banksiana Lamb. exhibits remarkable ecological adaptability, thriving across diverse environments in the Canadian boreal zone, including clay deposits, fast-draining glacial tills and rocky outcrops. However, projected rising temperature and increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) could increase the species' vulnerability, particularly in dry regions. In this study, we measured basal area increment (BAI) and physiological responses from isotopic fractionation across a soil gradient including three sites in the boreal mixed wood of western Quebec, Canada. The sites were a clay-rich soil (CLY, a humid site), an esker base (ESB, an intermediate site) and an esker top (EST, a sandy, well drained, dry site). Using tree-ring analysis and dual stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O), we evaluated intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) and leaf water enrichment (Δ18Olw). Our results revealed a significant correlation between Δ18Olw and VPD, indicating that stomatal regulation is the crucial physiological mechanism controlling P. banksiana's response to environmental stress across the sites. This effect was most pronounced at the dry EST site, where higher iWUE and less negative δ13C values suggest greater stomatal limitation of CO2 uptake. Increased iWUE was associated with enhanced BAI in the humid CLY site and a negative iWUE-BAI relationship emerged at EST, suggesting carbon assimilation constraints under drier conditions. Our results reveal a physiological trade-off in P. banksiana across a soil moisture gradient, demonstrating that rising atmospheric demand may decouple water-use efficiency from growth in drier environments like the EST site. By integrating isotopic signatures with growth dynamics, our study identifies a potential ecological tipping point beyond which increased iWUE may no longer sustain carbon gain under intensifying climate stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasticity of physiological, anatomical and structural traits defines seedling growth during sustained drought.","authors":"Di Liu, Zhaoguo Wang, Bingxin Han, Maurizio Mencuccini, Jesús Julio Camarero, Yushuang Xie, Binqing Zhao, Xiaochun Wang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf103","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how trees acclimate to sustained drought by altering physiological, anatomical and structural traits is crucial for elucidating their acclimation to water scarcity. This study investigated the plasticity of Tilia amurensis Rupr. seedlings under moderate (50% of field moisture capacity) and severe (30%) drought over 2 years by assessing a range of anatomical, structural and physiological traits. Our results showed that drought reduced photosynthesis by 29.5% to 57.7%, leaf respiration by 37.3% to 45.7%, and ring width by 55.9% to 63.1%. Starch concentrations decreased with increasing drought severity, while soluble sugar concentrations increased. Additionally, cell number and total width decreased during enlargement and wall-thickening processes. Vessel density increased regardless of drought intensity, while hydraulic diameter increased under moderate drought but decreased under severe drought, suggesting that the safety-efficiency trade-off was not universal. The sieve-tube-to-vessel area ratio decreased under moderate drought but increased under severe drought. Drought-induced structural changes included increased Huber value, root mass fraction and root-shoot ratio, while leaf biomass fraction and specific leaf area decreased. These adjustments collectively enhanced the resistance of seedlings to sustained drought.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond proxies: towards ecophysiological indicators of drought resistance for forest management.","authors":"Alice Copie, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne, François Lefèvre, Hervé Cochard, Sylvain Delzon, Arsène Druel, Pierre-Jean Dumas, Damien Gounelle, Stéphane Herbette, Florence Jean, Nicolas Mariotte, Maurizio Mencuccini, Ivan Scotti, Nicolas Martin-StPaul","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf090","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As drought-induced mortality increases globally in forest biomes, it becomes necessary for foresters to have access to reliable predictors of species vulnerability to drought and mortality risk under different climatic scenarios. On one hand, there exist several 'operational' indicators of drought resistance, which are based on technical literature, observations, expert knowledge and species bioclimate. However, they are not available for all species, reduce a species to a single value and have the same limitations as species distribution models. On the other hand, different traits can be measured to estimate mechanistically species' vulnerability to drought and, in particular, to hydraulic failure, a key process of tree mortality under drought. These traits typically include xylem vulnerability to cavitation, stomatal regulation, minimum leaf conductance and water storage capacity. However, the mechanistic approach, based on functional traits, has never been compared with the operational approach. In this study, we review if indicators commonly used by foresters provide information on Abies species' vulnerability to hydraulic failure. We measured a set of traits in a common garden experiment of closely related Mediterranean Abies species. These traits were used to configure and parametrize SurEau, a plant hydraulic model dedicated to simulating plant mortality risk due to hydraulic failure under extreme drought conditions. SurEau was then used to compute a single indicator of vulnerability (time to hydraulic failure - THF) and to assess mortality risk in future climate. We found that among circum-Mediterranean firs, a high THF was largely driven by differences in minimum leaf conductance. Some operational indicators are good proxies of THF but fail to distinguish between closely related Mediterranean Abies species. We argue that the mechanistic approach could help foresters in species selection and in estimating the risk faced by forest tree species in a changing climate. While accounting for the variability of traits, hydraulic models can be forced with different climatic scenarios, thereby allowing hydraulic failure risk assessment by the end of the century.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White spruce (Picea glauca) population differences in needle anatomy, foliar water uptake and aquaporin expression indicate trade-offs between hydraulic safety and productivity.","authors":"Killian G Fleurial, Jaime Sebastián Azcona, Andreas Hamann, Janusz J Zwiazek","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf096","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>White spruce is a leading species across nearly the entirety of the North American boreal forest, occurs under a wide range of climate conditions and has been reported to take up water through its needles. As such, the species represents a good model organism in which to research adaptation to climatic factors through structural and physiological mechanisms. We used branch samples obtained from a 40-year-old range-wide provenance experiment to relate the climate of origin to needle anatomy, foliar water uptake and aquaporin expression under simulated drought conditions. Provenances with cold and dry source climates generally had thinner needle hypodermis layers and Casparian strips, and lost more water during dehydration. However, foliar water uptake, which involved the regulation of aquaporin water channel gene expression, was also highest in these provenances. We propose that the absence of foliar anatomical traits that would typically be associated with drought adaptation represents a previously undocumented drought adaptation strategy: a thin hypodermis and Casparian strip with aquaporin-mediated water uptake enables distinct spruce populations to leverage foliar wetting events such as snowmelt, dew or light rain, when water uptake in roots is seasonally restricted by low soil temperatures. However, this strategy is vulnerable to severe or prolonged drought events.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regenerating oak trees with different techniques has long-lasting legacy effects on root development, stem growth and plant physiology.","authors":"Marcin Zadworny, Ewa E Kurowska, Krzysztof Ufnalski, Maria Hauke-Kowalska, Paulina Kościelniak-Wawro, Paulina Glazińska, Andrzej Czerniak, Andrzej M Jagodziński, Joanna Mucha, Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf095","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regeneration methods can have legacy effects on tree physiology and growth via differential root development and affect forest climate sensitivity. However, there are few studies providing a long-term perspective on how forest regeneration techniques affect root development and physiology of established seedlings that have grown into trees. This study investigates leaf carbon (C), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) isotope composition (δ13C, δ18O, δ15N) and stem growth in ⁓20-year-old oak (Quercus robur L.) trees regenerated in two stands by three methods: direct acorn sowing in the field, bare-root planting preceded by root pruning and containerized planting with the root plug intact. Leaf isotopic values were measured three times during summer, together with tree-ring δ13C. Ground penetrating radar analyses indicated that acorn sowing resulted in deep root systems compared shallower root systems of bare-root and containerized trees. Higher annual basal area increment was observed in acorn-sown oaks than in bare-root or containerized oaks. Leaf δ13C, δ18O and δ15N values varied among regeneration origins. Trees with deeper root systems consistently showed lower leaf δ18O values, regardless of the season, which suggests higher uptake of water from deep soil horizons and better leaf hydration. In contrast, oaks with shallower root systems exhibited higher leaf δ18O values, which were positively related with δ13C. More negative leaf δ15N values in shallow-rooted oaks pointed to higher water stress. A lack of correlation between N concentration and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) for containerized trees suggests that variability in stomatal conductance rates governed iWUE in these shallow-rooted oaks. The lack of correlation between leaf and tree-ring δ13C supports that leaf physiological processes do not necessarily explain latewood isotopic composition. We conclude that regeneration techniques have long-lasting, carry-over effects on root development, plant physiology and tree growth. The findings underscore the importance of considering tree regeneration origin and root distribution when assessing the impact of climate change on tree performance and forest vigor.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into pine wood nematode resistance mechanisms in Pinus massoniana.","authors":"Xia Hu, Shuran Wang, Zeguang Wang, Shibo Ju, Xianghua Liu, Guoqiang Li, Yayi Zhang, Feiping Zhang, Ming Li","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), is a devastating systemic disease with significantly impacts on pine species, particularly Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) in South China. This study integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) associated with PWN resistance. By comparing the gene expression and metabolic profiles of healthy, mechanically wounded, and PWN-infected Masson pine trees at 28 d post-inoculation, we identified 1,310 DEGs were specifically associated with PWN infection after excluding mechanical damage effects. Notably, combined KEGG analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed significant enrichment of the α-linolenic acid metabolism pathway. Within this pathway, genes such as AOS, LCAT3, and DAD1 exhibited differential expression patterns, highlighting its pivotal role in PWN resistance. Metabolomic analysis revealed that key genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and plant hormone signaling showing strong regulation. Additionally, qRT-PCR validation of selected DEGs confirmed the expression patterns observed in the transcriptomic data. Physiological assays also validated changes in key hormone levels, such as JA and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which are upregulated in the early stages of plant infection. These results highlight the importance of JA-mediated defence responses and provide novel insights for breeding strategies to improve P. massoniana's resistance to PWN infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}