Tree physiology最新文献

{"title":"Physiological symptoms induced by drought stress outweigh vascular pathogen infection in walnut.","authors":"Israel Jiménez Luna, Louis Santiago, Exequiel Ezcurra, MengYuan Xi, Vanessa E T M Ashworth, Eugene Nothnagel, Philippe E Rolshausen","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought stress can affect the success of xylem-dwelling pathogens due to modifications of the xylem environment as water potential declines. However, the interaction between these abiotic and biotic stresses on plants is complex and requires specific experiments to distinguish between multiple effects. This is especially important in agroecosystems, where monocultures of individuals facilitate disease transmission and water scarcity can lead to deficit irrigation practices to optimize water management, control canopy size and maintain crop productivity. We measured photosynthetic gas exchange, stem xylem water potential, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), morphology and growth of walnut trees in response to two imposed stress treatments. One was the inoculation with the two cosmopolitan vascular fungal pathogens Diplodia mutila and Neofusicoccum parvum. The other was a manipulation of water availability with well-watered controls compared to deficit irrigation treatments representing 75% and 25% of well-watered controls. We found that deficit irrigation significantly reduced all measures of gas exchange and stem xylem water potential, and most morphological, growth and NSC variables. Signs of severe drought with leaf yellowing and senescing occurred at the end of the experiment when leaf water potential reached -1.6 MPa. In contrast, responses to pathogen inoculation were limited to reduced stem xylem water potential, total plant leaf area and leaf area ratio. There was no reduction in photosynthetic rate per leaf area with pathogen inoculation, but the reduction in whole plant leaf area led to an overall reduction in whole plant photosynthesis. Pathogen-induced effects were independent of the plant water status, yet they were only visible in fully irrigated trees suggesting that drought minimizes the scope of measurable symptoms. Biotic damage was not enhanced under drought stress perhaps indicating that the host had not reached a critical water stress status conducive to pathogen virulence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12062578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needle age-dependent defence of Scots pine against insect herbivory.","authors":"Asifur Rahman-Soad, Sophie Krause, Laura Hagemann, Monika Hilker","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant defence responses to herbivory vary with foliage age, which in angiosperms lasts a few months, but may be several years in conifers. While age-dependent leaf responses of angiosperms to insect herbivory are well studied, much less is known about anti-herbivore responses of conifer needles that differ in age by a year or more. Similarly, insect responses to conifer foliage that differs in age by years have rarely been studied. Here, we used Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and the herbivorous sawfly Diprion pini to elucidate (i) the responses of this herbivore to pine needles of different age and (ii) needle age-dependent differences in two anti-herbivore plant defence traits, rarely studied in interactions of conifers and phyllophagous insects, i.e., phytohormones and proteinase inhibitor (PI) activity. The sawfly D. pini preferred old (previous year) over young (current year) pine needles for oviposition and feeding by late larval instars. The insect benefited from these preferences through higher egg survival rates on old needles and more larval weight when feeding upon old needles. Scots pine needles showed needle-age dependent differences in their phytohormonal responses to D. pini larval feeding. Feeding-induced concentrations of salicylic acid and abscisic acid were higher in young than old needles. No such age dependency was detected for herbivory-induced changes in levels of jasmonic acid, in contrast to known, age-dependent jasmonic acid responses to damage in angiosperms. Contrary to angiosperms, PI activities of pine were not induced by sawfly feeding upon young or old needles. However, old needles showed constitutively significantly lower PI activities, which are discussed with respect to the benefits that D. pini gains when preferring old needles. Our results highlight the developmental plasticity of defence traits of conifer foliage as well as the adaptation of a pine herbivore specialist to these defences.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiber-specific expression of PdCel9A6 modifies the characteristics of wood fibers in Populus.","authors":"Jian Li, Xulei Guo, Xianwen Lu, Jiayan Sun, Yongcan Jin, Meng Li, Laigeng Li","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wood fiber has been extensively used in the pulp and papermaking industries. The length of fiber cells is critical in determining the quality of paper. In our previous studies, we identified PdCel9A6, a gene encoding endo-1,4-β-glucanases (EGases) expressed in the developing xylem to affect cell wall formation. In this study, we modified the PdCel9A6 expression specifically in xylem fiber cells. The results showed that the fiber-specific upregulation of PdCel9A6 resulted in increased plant height and internode length. The transgenics significantly increased the fiber cell length in the wood xylem. In wood cell wall components, the transgenics showed a reduction of lignin while increasing cellulose. Furthermore, the characteristics of the paper processed from the transgenics showed a significant improvement in paper strength. Transcriptome studies showed that upregulation of PdCel9A6 in fiber cells leads to changes in transcription related to cell wall remodeling and thickening during xylem development. Together, the study demonstrated a new strategy of fiber cell wall modification that could have the potential to improve forest trees for better pulping and papermaking.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CsSAD1-silenced in tea leaves impaired drought tolerance by decreasing plasma membrane H +-ATPase activity.","authors":"Xiangzong Luo, Haijun Bi, Kunlong Su, Yeyun Li, Xianchen Zhang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought stress is a negative regulatory factor that leads to reduced yield and quality. Unsaturated fatty acids controlled by SAD (stearic acid desaturase) play a key role in mediating membrane fluidity to cope with drought stress; however, the response of CsSAD1 to drought stress is poorly understood. In this study, CsSAD1-silenced leaves displayed weakened drought tolerance, accompanied by lower Fv/Fm and higher MDA levels. However, CsSAD1-overexpressing Arabidopsis exhibited an elevated tolerance to drought stress in pot experiments. Furthermore, CsSAD1-silenced leaves displayed reduced plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, which promoted membrane potential depolarization and led to a massive K+ loss under PEG stress. In contrast, CsSAD1-overexpressing Arabidopsis showed higher plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and alleviated membrane potential depolarization, which in turn mitigated K+ loss under drought stress. Moreover, an exogenous supply of Na3VO4 (P-type ATPases inhibitor) further indicated that the difference in K+ efflux in the transgenic plants was dependent on the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Therefore, silencing CsSAD1 in tea leaves inhibited plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, which was the primary factor contributing to the maintenance of K+ homeostasis and, consequently, drought tolerance in tea plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus deficiency suppresses the trans-zeatin riboside accumulation by up-regulating CeIPT5, promoting root elongation and phosphorus absorption efficiency of Casuarina equisetifolia.","authors":"Lijuan Jiang, Hua Yang, Yunshuang Du, Zhaoliang Zheng, Shanshan Ding, Xinyan Zhang, Xingliang Yao, Gongfu Ye, Jun Su, Jian Li","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorus (P) deficiency is critical to the renewal barrier of she-oak (Casuarina equisetifolia), an important tree species used for coastal protection. However, the response of she-oak to P deficiency remains unclear. In this study, we compared the phenotypes of two she-oak cultivars, the P deficiency-sensitive 'Chihu219' and the insensitive 'Chihu397', and found that P deficiency significantly increased root growth, P concentration and P absorption efficiency (PAE) in Chihu219, but not in Chihu397. We also analyzed the transcriptome and metabolome of these cultivars under different P conditions and showed that trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) levels were highly suppressed by P deficiency in Chihu219, but not in Chihu397. Furthermore, exogenous tZR suppressed both root P concentration and PAE while promoting phosphorus use efficiency (PUE). We also identified CeIPT5 (isopentenyltransferase 5) as a key regulatory gene of tZR biosynthesis and found that its expression was more highly induced by P deficiency in Chihu219 than in Chihu397. We also showed that overexpression of CeIPT5 in insensitive she-oak lines reduced tZR concentration and increased root P concentration compared to the vector control. Taken together, P deficiency can greatly reduce tZR accumulation in P deficiency-insensitive she-oak at least by activating the tZR accumulation regulatory gene, CeIPT5, thereby promoting root elongation and P concentration. This study not only provides a genetic basis for enhancing PAE in woody plants, but also establishes a theoretical basis for optimizing root structure and improving nutrient utilization efficiency, thereby promoting sustainable forestry development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Transcriptomic analysis reveals potential roles of polyamine and proline metabolism in waterlogged peach roots inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and Serendipita indica.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf040","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of root resource acquisition and conservation strategies in a temperate forest is linked with plant growth forms.","authors":"Siyuan Wang, Louise H Comas, Peter B Reich, M Luke McCormack, Richard P Phillips, Jiacun Gu, Tao Sun","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf027","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exploring why species of different plant growth forms can coexist in the same forest is critical for understanding the long-term community stability, but is poorly studied from root ecological strategies. The aim of this study was to explore the variation of root functional traits among different growth forms and their distribution patterns in root economics space to clarify how plant growth forms affect the root resource acquisition strategies of co-occurring species in a forest community. We sampled 115 co-occurring species with five growth forms (i.e., trees, shrubs, lianas, herbs and ferns) from a mega-plot (>50 ha) in temperate forest and measured seven root functional traits, including root morphological, anatomical and chemical traits, that are closely associated with root resource foraging and conservation strategies. We found that root specific length (SRL) and tissue density (RTD) showed wider variations than other traits among the five growth forms. Moreover, compared with clade and mycorrhizal type, variations of SRL and RTD were largely attributed to growth forms. Importantly, 115 co-occurring species were separately aggregated by growth forms along the trade-off dimension of SRL and RTD in root economics space, suggesting the diversity in root resource acquisition strategies at a local forest community is linked to plant growth forms. In particular, herbs were concentrated towards the side of high SRL and RN, by contrast, trees, shrubs and ferns were positioned at the side of high RTD and carbon/nitrogen, and lianas were located towards the middle. Diverse root resource acquisition strategies in plant growth forms allow them to occupy specific belowground ecological niches, thereby relieving the competition for the common resource. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanism for maintaining community species coexistence from a below-ground perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dendrometers-what are they good for?","authors":"Sanna Sevanto","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of mesophyll conductance in Ginkgo biloba from the PSII redox state using a machine learning approach.","authors":"Jimei Han, Lehao Li, Xin Yang, Zihan Wei, Xina Su, Fuliang Cao, Yuxuan Meng, Yang Wu, Tingting Dai, Guibin Wang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf021","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesophyll conductance (gm) has been proved to be one of the important factors limiting photosynthesis and thus affects the estimation of plant productivity and terrestrial carbon balance. However, beyond the leaf scale, gm is usually assumed to be infinite because of the unavailability of the estimating technology. In this study, we first verified the important role of gm on photosynthesis by utilizing a wide range of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) families. Then, the dataset was adopted to establish a random forest-based gm estimation approach with the drivers being selected under the guidance of several mechanistic models (e.g. Farquhar, von Caemmerer, Berry model, the mechanistic light reaction model of photosynthesis). This model exhibited high predictive accuracy, utilizing both the measured fraction of open reaction centers in PSII (qL) (R2 = 0.71, RMSE = 0.008) and the estimated qL (R2 = 0.70, RMSE = 0.008) as inputs. Since qL, a key physiological driver in the model, can be obtained from chlorophyll fluorescence of PSII (SIFPSII) using the open-closed (OC) redox model of photosynthetic electron transport, this leaf-scale model could potentially be applied beyond the leaf scale, provided that environmental data are available. Direct measurements also confirmed the close relationship between qL and gm under ambient CO2 concentration and saturated light conditions. Our findings pave the way for additional attempts to estimate gm across a variety of scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine root respiration in Quercus rubra (L.) aligns with the economics trade-offs in bi-dimensional root trait space.","authors":"E L Shedd, M A Cavaleri, C Külheim, A J Burton","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant economic theory argues that growth strategies maximize either the rate or longevity of return per resource investment in a unidimensional trade-off. Belowground trade-offs may not mimic those aboveground due to soil resource heterogeneity, different physical constraints imposed by the shape of roots compared with leaves and fungal symbioses, and often multiple dimensions of variation are found. Root respiration represents a substantial carbon flux out of forest ecosystems, but its placement in these trade-offs is unclear, and its incorporation into carbon cycle models is limited by available data. Most research on root traits has focused on interspecific variability, but here, we investigated whether trade-offs among one species' populations align with those between species by sampling Quercus rubra (L.) populations along a Midwest, USA latitudinal gradient. Across populations, we assessed whether fine root traits follow uni- or multidimensional trade-offs and how these axes relate to root respiration. Respiration rates, morphological traits and root nitrogen were measured on excised fine roots at 14 sites, spanning a wide variety of environmental conditions, and then analyzed for trade-off axes. We uncovered substantial root trait variation among Q. rubra populations that aligned with two distinct trade-offs, one between branching intensity (BI) and average diameter and a second with root tissue density on one end and specific root length, root nitrogen concentration and root specific respiration (RSR) on the other. Reliance on ectomycorrhizal fungi, which colonize root tips, may be a possible explanation for the first axis, with higher BI representing more collaboration. Along the latter axis, RSR increased with root nitrogen concentration and decreased with root tissue density. These results support a similar bidimensional trait space between Q. rubra populations to that between species, with an economics trade-off that might be a useful predictor of the fine root respiration carbon flux.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}