Tree physiology最新文献

{"title":"Dendrometers-what are they good for?","authors":"Sanna Sevanto","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of mesophyll conductance in Ginkgo biloba from the PSII redox state using a machine learning approach.","authors":"Jimei Han, Lehao Li, Xin Yang, Zihan Wei, Xina Su, Fuliang Cao, Yuxuan Meng, Yang Wu, Tingting Dai, Guibin Wang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf021","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesophyll conductance (gm) has been proved to be one of the important factors limiting photosynthesis and thus affects the estimation of plant productivity and terrestrial carbon balance. However, beyond the leaf scale, gm is usually assumed to be infinite because of the unavailability of the estimating technology. In this study, we first verified the important role of gm on photosynthesis by utilizing a wide range of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) families. Then, the dataset was adopted to establish a random forest-based gm estimation approach with the drivers being selected under the guidance of several mechanistic models (e.g. Farquhar, von Caemmerer, Berry model, the mechanistic light reaction model of photosynthesis). This model exhibited high predictive accuracy, utilizing both the measured fraction of open reaction centers in PSII (qL) (R2 = 0.71, RMSE = 0.008) and the estimated qL (R2 = 0.70, RMSE = 0.008) as inputs. Since qL, a key physiological driver in the model, can be obtained from chlorophyll fluorescence of PSII (SIFPSII) using the open-closed (OC) redox model of photosynthetic electron transport, this leaf-scale model could potentially be applied beyond the leaf scale, provided that environmental data are available. Direct measurements also confirmed the close relationship between qL and gm under ambient CO2 concentration and saturated light conditions. Our findings pave the way for additional attempts to estimate gm across a variety of scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine root respiration in Quercus rubra (L.) aligns with the economics trade-offs in bi-dimensional root trait space.","authors":"E L Shedd, M A Cavaleri, C Külheim, A J Burton","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant economic theory argues that growth strategies maximize either the rate or longevity of return per resource investment in a unidimensional trade-off. Belowground trade-offs may not mimic those aboveground due to soil resource heterogeneity, different physical constraints imposed by the shape of roots compared with leaves and fungal symbioses, and often multiple dimensions of variation are found. Root respiration represents a substantial carbon flux out of forest ecosystems, but its placement in these trade-offs is unclear, and its incorporation into carbon cycle models is limited by available data. Most research on root traits has focused on interspecific variability, but here, we investigated whether trade-offs among one species' populations align with those between species by sampling Quercus rubra (L.) populations along a Midwest, USA latitudinal gradient. Across populations, we assessed whether fine root traits follow uni- or multidimensional trade-offs and how these axes relate to root respiration. Respiration rates, morphological traits and root nitrogen were measured on excised fine roots at 14 sites, spanning a wide variety of environmental conditions, and then analyzed for trade-off axes. We uncovered substantial root trait variation among Q. rubra populations that aligned with two distinct trade-offs, one between branching intensity (BI) and average diameter and a second with root tissue density on one end and specific root length, root nitrogen concentration and root specific respiration (RSR) on the other. Reliance on ectomycorrhizal fungi, which colonize root tips, may be a possible explanation for the first axis, with higher BI representing more collaboration. Along the latter axis, RSR increased with root nitrogen concentration and decreased with root tissue density. These results support a similar bidimensional trait space between Q. rubra populations to that between species, with an economics trade-off that might be a useful predictor of the fine root respiration carbon flux.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The MYB transcription factor PtoPHL3 positively regulates poplar resistance to canker disease caused by Dothiorella gregaria.","authors":"Wensen Shi, Jianglin Luo, Jiacong Li, Jiale Zhao, Weiwei Wang, Ningning Chen, Shaofei Tong, Kai Chen, Li Xu, Tiannan Luo, Yongran Luo, Yao Li, Yuxuan Ren, Lushui Zhang, Tao Ma, Jianquan Liu, Yuanzhong Jiang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms impair plant growth, leading to reduced crop yields. While the molecular mechanisms of plant disease response are well understood in annual herbaceous species, they remain largely unknown in perennial woody plants. Here, we found that PtoPHL3, a key transcription factor in poplar's phosphorus starvation response, showed significant expression changes after treatments with salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate, and inoculation of Dothiorella gregaria Sacc (D. gregaria) which causes poplar canker disease. Overexpressing PtoPHL3 conferred increased resistance to D. gregaria in transgenic poplar, while RNA interference-mediated knockdown made the plants more sensitive to the pathogen. DNA affinity purification sequencing identified PtoPHL3-bound chromatin regions associated with disease response. Additionally, PtoPHL3 was found to bind the promoter of TGA6 and the gene body region of ERF5, upregulating their expression, which activates responses to D. gregaria, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. These findings deepen our understanding of the pathogen response process in poplar and lay a theoretical foundation for research on disease resistance mechanisms and the breeding of disease-resistant germplasm.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-use strategies in pines and oaks across biomes are modulated by soil water availability.","authors":"Mehmet S Özçelik, Rafael Poyatos","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf031","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quercus and Pinus are amongst the most economically and ecologically relevant genera of woody species across northern hemisphere forests. Mixed pine-oak woodlands are also abundant in temperate and Mediterranean regions. The recent shift towards dominance of oaks to the detriment of pines-reported in several regions-could be partly driven by differential drought responses between genera and associated with climate change. In this study, we synthesize water-use strategies across pine and oak species globally to elucidate whether water-saver and water-spender strategies are consistently found for pines and oak species, respectively, and to what extent these strategies are determined by species traits and site characteristics. Pines showed a water-saver strategy when soils are dry but a comparatively water-spender strategy when soils are wet. These patterns still hold when pines and oaks grow in the same site and thus are not affected by species interactions between them. Oak species have higher stem hydraulic conductivity and a deeper maximum rooting depth, supporting their higher capacity to withdraw soil water. Water-use regulation was more related to traits in pines, showing more water-spender strategies at low absolute values of predawn leaf water potentials, without necessarily increasing hydraulic risk, as a result of adjustments in sapwood-to-leaf area ratio (Huber value) and xylem hydraulic conductivity. Climate and vegetation structure were more related to water-use strategies in pines than in oaks. Our results show that-despite these trait adjustments-drought severely constrains water (and carbon) acquisition in pines, which would tend to favour oak species in drought-prone environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osmoregulation is a crucial factor for methyl jasmonate to enhance chilling tolerance of Jatropha curcas L.","authors":"Shanshan Lan, Ming Gong, Shuanglong Yang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a vital regulator of plant growth and plays a crucial role in chilling tolerance. However, the mechanism through which MeJA enhances chilling tolerance in plants remains unclear. Therefore, this study conducted hydroponic experiments to evaluate the effects of exogenous MeJA (0-125 μmol L-1) on osmoregulation and chilling tolerance of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under chilling (5 °C) stress. The seedlings under chilling stress were treated with MeJA and morphological changes, physiological traits, osmoprotectants (proline, betaine and trehalose) contents, activities of key enzymes involved in osmoprotectants metabolism and expression of related genes were investigated. The results showed that treatment with 75 μmol L-1 MeJA alleviated leaf wilting and growth inhibition; significantly decreased water potential, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content; and enhanced tissue vitality, water content, total chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate in J. curcas seedlings, thereby improving chilling tolerance. Under chilling stress, 4 days of MeJA treatment remarkably increased the contents of proline, betaine and trehalose in the leaves of J. curcas seedlings by activating their biosynthesis pathways and inhibiting the degradation pathway of proline. The substantial accumulation of osmoprotectants reduced the cellular water potential, maintained the cellular water balance and stabilized the cell membrane. Furthermore, 1-4 days of MeJA treatment led to increased levels of jasmonic acid and ethylene and upregulation of JcMYC2 expression in J. curcas seedlings under chilling stress. This suggested that the JA/MeJA-MYC2 signaling pathway, along with ethylene signaling, may contribute to MeJA-induced chilling tolerance in J. curcas. Our findings suggested that exogenous MeJA treatment increases the capacity for osmoregulation and chilling tolerance in J. curcas seedlings under chilling stress and that osmoregulation is a crucial component of MeJA-induced chilling tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression complementation between fundamental biological pathways in Populus hybrid contributes to heterosis in cadmium (Cd) accumulation and tolerance.","authors":"Mengge Li, Qimeng Heng, Xinyang Yan, Mengfan Guo, Zhaoming Liu, Zheng Chen, Tao Gao, Xuelian He, Zheyuan Zhang, Yinglong Chen, Jean W H Yong, Rongkai Wang, Junfeng Fan, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To reveal the pattern of heterosis in cadmium (Cd) bio-accumulation of poplar and whether the heterosis can promote the phytoremediation efficiency of Cd-polluted soil, the poplar hybrid variety QB-5 ((Populus alba×(P. alba × P. glandulosa)) and its female parent I-101 (Populus alba) and male parent 84 K (P. alba × P. glandulosa) were employed in a hydroponic experiment and a field trial. Better-parent heterosis of leaf biomass, leaf area, free proline, catalase activity, salicylic acid and Cd bio-accumulation reached 100.30, 97.23, 57.96, 176.41, 102.94 and 164.17%, respectively, under Cd exposure. A more in-depth analysis unveiled that most traits related to Cd bio-concentration, including root parameters, Cd translocation factor and Cd bioconcentration factor in leaves, were dominant in 84 K. In contrast, traits related to stress tolerance were dominant in I-101. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that hub genes responsible for Cd translocation and bioconcentration were dominantly expressed in 84 K, resulting in superior leaf Cd concentration in males compared with females. Conversely, most genes responsible for stress tolerance were highly expressed in I-101. The hybrid exhibited a high-parent complementation pattern for critical traits and relevant hub genes, contributing to better-parent heterosis for these traits. Overexpression of PagP5CS1, a gene showing above-high-parent expression in hybrid, increased Cd tolerance and Cd bio-accumulation in poplar, providing molecular evidence for the dominance hypothesis of heterosis. The efficiency of phytoremediation for Cd-contaminated soil can be largely promoted by exploring and utilizing heterosis in Cd tolerance and Cd bio-accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree carbon allocation to root exudates: implications for carbon budgets, soil sequestration and drought response.","authors":"Melanie Brunn, Carsten W Mueller, Nikhil R Chari, Ina C Meier, Sophie Obersteiner, Richard P Phillips, Benton Taylor, Shersingh Joseph Tumber-Dávila, Sami Ullah, Tamir Klein","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root carbon (C) exudation plays a central role in nutrient acquisition, microbially mediated organic matter decomposition and many other critical ecosystem processes. While it is well known that roots respond strongly to belowground resources, we have a limited quantitative understanding about C allocation to exudates and its fate in soil under changing water availability. This review synthesizes the importance of exudate C fluxes, summarizes studies quantifying mass-specific exudation rate (SER), total exudation rate (TER) and root exudate fraction (REF; the proportion of TER in a plant's C allocation), examines drought effects and highlights key research priorities to advance the understanding of C allocation to exudates in forest ecosystems. On average, SER is often <1 mg C gdry root-1 day-1, TER is 3.8 Pg C year-1 and REF varies between 1 and 17% of net primary production. Spatiotemporal variations in exudation, including seasonal and daily patterns and subsoil exudation, remain critical knowledge gaps. We show that many studies report a 1.2- to 11-fold increase in SER and REF in response to drought. However, TER often remains unchanged, suggesting that absolute exudate C inputs to the soil may stay constant under drought conditions. Disentangling the individual impacts of soil and air drought as well as drought legacy impacts on ecosystem C dynamics are overlooked aspects. By estimating the differences in rhizosphere formation and exudation across various forest biomes, we find that exudate-affected soil volumes are highest in tropical forests and lowest in boreal forests. While current research emphasizes significant C allocation from the canopy to soil via exudates, understanding exudation dynamics and biome-specific responses to drought by using standardized protocols is essential. Expanding these insights is critical for comprehending the role of root exudates in soil organic matter formation, ecosystem resilience and adaptation to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal regulatory networks governing hub metabolic pathways in Fraxinus hupehensis seeds during germination.","authors":"Yifan Wei, Jing Deng, Huan Tang, Jia Xu, Mingqin Zhou, Jiabao Ye","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efforts to protect germplasm resources of Fraxinus hupehensis (Oleaceae)-an endangered species endemic to Dahong Mountain, Hubei Province, China-are facing difficulties due to the deep dormancy of its seeds. To elucidate the molecular regulatory networks underlying dormancy release, an integrated investigation combining physiological profiling with transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses was performed on seeds of F. hupehensis during six critical germination stages. A decrease was observed in the contents of soluble sugar, soluble starch and crude fat as the germination process progressed, with glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathways providing energy. Plant hormones such as abscisic acid and gibberellin 4 exerted coordinated regulatory effects throughout this process. Differentially expressed genes and metabolites were detected in metabolic pathways including sugar metabolism, respiratory metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation, along with lipid metabolism. Notably, structural hub genes and metabolites in metabolic pathways of starch and sucrose, respiratory, phenylalanine and linoleic acid played crucial regulatory roles in seed germination. Furthermore, hub transcription factors within the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor, basic helix-loop-helix and MYB families were identified by weighted gene correlation network analysis. This study unveiled the regulatory mechanisms of primary metabolic hub pathways during seed germination, providing a theoretical foundation for the breeding and conserving F. hupehensis and other endangered plant species.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of expression of a hyperthermophilic endoglucanase and nutrient conditions on poplar growth and physiology.","authors":"Bethanie M Natalie, Elise Krespan, Yao Xiao, Katie M Becklin, Heather D Coleman","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efficient production and processing of poplar biomass feedstock requires costly pretreatments and enzyme additives. Transgenic alterations of poplar can reduce the need for these inputs by increasing biomass, improving lignocellulose quality, and enhancing nutrient uptake. Previously, a transgenic line of poplar expressing a bacterial hyperthermophilic endoglucanase (TnCelB) in hybrid poplar (P39, Populus alba × grandidentata) was developed and characterized. This study reports the effects on the TnCelB transgenic poplar line under a reduced nutrient treatment. Overall, the nutrient treatment was the source of more observed significant differences than the genotype. Wild type and TnCelB poplar had similar responses in biomass allocation and net photosynthesis. TnCelB trees had a wrinkled leaf phenotype and relative to wild type, had reduced total biomass, reduced water use efficiency, and a decreased proportion of cellulose to hemicellulose and lignin. In low nutrient conditions, TnCelB trees had increased structural carbohydrates with stable lignin values. The TnCelB line presents a viable option for poplar biomass feedstock, offering biomass comparable to wild type poplar and more efficient processing, with only mild negative phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}