Tree physiology最新文献

{"title":"Do hydraulic characteristics differ between woody plants from karst and non-karst forests?","authors":"Chun-Yan Wan, Shi-Dan Zhu","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag052","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpag052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Owing to rapid rainwater runoff and low surface soil moisture in karst environments, karst woody plants frequently experience drought and are highly vulnerable to climate change. However, recent studies have revealed that karst species can access reliable water sources from epikarst zones which have well-developed secondary porosity. The mechanisms by which woody plants cope with karst environments remains unclear. In this study, we established a stem and leaf hydraulic dataset for 696 karst and non-karst woody species (grown on soil substrates) from four climatic zones (tropical, subtropical, temperate and Mediterranean), along with climate variables at each site. We aimed to address the following questions: How do karst and non-karst species differ in their hydraulic traits within the same climate? How do the hydraulic-climate relationships differ between the two plant groups? Our results showed that hydraulic efficiency, stem embolism resistance and minimum leaf water potential were similar between karst and non-karst species in each climate zone. The stem hydraulic safety margin (HSMstem) was higher in karst species than in non-karst species in temperate and Mediterranean regions, but did not differ significantly in the other two climate zones. Leaf hydraulic safety-efficiency was significant and consistent between the two plant groups. However, at the stem level, the hydraulic trade-off was stronger in karst species than in non-karst species. Most hydraulic traits were significantly influenced by the aridity index in karst species, whereas in non-karst species leaf and stem hydraulic efficiencies were associated with the mean annual temperature and precipitation of the warmest quarter, respectively. With increasing aridity, HSMstem tended to increase in karst species but decrease in non-karst species. This comparative study enhances our understanding of the hydraulic strategies and drought risks associated with karst woody plants globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water stress and recovery dynamics of physiological function and growth in juvenile Pinus radiata.","authors":"Dejan Firm, Damien Sellier, Warren Yorston","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpag051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forests worldwide face increasingly frequent, prolonged and severe droughts driven by climate change, causing widespread tree dieback and productivity losses. Yet predicting how trees recover their water-carbon balance and growth after non-lethal drought remains challenging. To address this, we subjected juvenile Pinus radiata D.Don-a drought-tolerant, strongly isohydric conifer-to moderate (14 weeks) and extended (20 weeks) dry-down periods. We continuously monitored stem radial growth and water reserves for over 6 months with high-resolution dendrometers, alongside weekly measurements of leaf gas exchange, capturing fine-scale dynamics of the water-carbon balance and growth during stress and recovery. We recorded a complete recovery of leaf function and stem growth in all plants after drought release, but the recovery rate depended on drought duration: plants under prolonged stress recovered more slowly. Stomatal conductance returned to control levels after $sim$1.5 and 2.5 weeks following moderate and extended drought, respectively, whereas net $mathrm{CO_{2}}$ assimilation recovered within $sim$1.5 weeks regardless of drought duration. In contrast, cambial activity resumed rapidly, within a few days up to a week, as soon as stem water reserves were refilled. Growth recovery was rapid even in plants that experienced very low water potentials and nearly 2 months in a neutral or negative carbon balance state. Wood formation resumed ahead of photosynthesis recovery, reflecting a decoupling between carbon source and sink processes. Although drought reduced total radial growth, aboveground biomass gain in stressed plants remained comparable to that of well-watered controls, even for those with a growing period halved because of drought. This high degree of growth resilience arose through compensatory growth, with post-stress growth rates 1.4-2.4 times higher than pre-stress rates. These findings provide new insights into drought responses and recovery in a conifer with conservative water regulation and will improve model predictions of juvenile-tree resilience under future climates.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13282971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree-ring stable isotopes and growth trajectories reveal early warning signals of drought-induced Scots pine mortality.","authors":"Otmar Urban, Claudia Hartl, Christian Zang, Natálie Pernicová, Josef Čáslavský, Kerstin Treydte, Lea Schneider, Miroslav Trnka, Jan Esper, Ulf Büntgen","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag059","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpag059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Summer droughts have affected tree growth in central Europe since at least the 1940s, yet the physiological mechanisms behind why some trees die whilst others survive remain poorly understood. Here, we present absolutely dated and annually resolved tree-ring width, carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotope chronologies from 18 Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing near the species' climatic and edaphic limit in one of Germany's driest regions (Rhine Hesse, near Mainz). Spanning the period 1930-2019, sampled trees were assigned to three post-2018 vitality classes based on crown transparency: vigorous, intermediate and poor vigour (including dead individuals). We assessed long-term growth and isotopic trajectories in relation to climate variables, with a focus on pan-European summer drought extremes in 1947, 1976, 2003 and 2018. We found that trees with consistently higher growth rates and elevated long-term δ13C values were more susceptible to dieback, whereas surviving trees maintained lower δ13C values. This pattern suggests differences in long-term water-use strategies and/or drought exposure, whilst also partly reflecting canopy position and light-driven assimilation. In contrast, δ18O values sharply increased during drought events, especially in poor-vigour trees, indicating greater reliance on shallow, evaporatively enriched water sources and heightened hydraulic strain under extreme drought. These isotopic trajectories differentiated vitality classes well before visible canopy decline. Our findings indicate that the 2018 drought was not the sole trigger, but rather a tipping point in a long-term dieback process driven by repeated droughts and heatwaves. Tree-ring stable isotopes, particularly when interpreted alongside growth trajectories, provide valuable early warning signals of physiological stress and drought vulnerability. Since trees with conservative growth strategies were more resilient, long-term physiological stability, rather than maximum productivity, may enhance forest resilience under an increasingly warm, dry and variable future climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13253043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PagE2Fa1 negatively regulates drought tolerance in poplar by modulating root development and stomatal aperture.","authors":"Shuo Song, Zhaoyang Tian, Yuanyuan Shang, Zibin Song, Hongling Mo, Kunlin Wang, Yu Guo, Lizi Zhao, Yanqiu Zhao, Hongxia Zhang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpag066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>E2F/DP proteins play a critical role in plant growth by regulating the cell cycle, yet the function of E2F/DP proteins in stress responses of woody plants is poorly understood. Here, nine PagE2F/DP members were identified in 84K poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa), and we selected PagE2Fa1, which was highly expressed in roots and in response to drought, for functional investigation. Transgenic poplar overexpressing PagE2Fa1 (PagE2Fa1 OE) showed no obvious aboveground phenotypic differences compared with non-transgenic 84K poplar, but root growth was significantly inhibited. Following 15 days of drought treatment, PagE2Fa1 OE displayed substantially reduced plant height and aboveground biomass, along with demonstrating drought intolerance. Further analyses revealed that leaves of PagE2Fa1 OE had higher water loss rates and accumulated more reactive oxygen species after drought treatment. Moreover, the activities and transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX) were significantly downregulated in PagE2Fa1 OE transgenic lines. Overall, our findings reveal that PagE2Fa1 negatively regulates drought tolerance by restricting root development, increasing stomatal aperture and suppressing the expression of antioxidant genes. This study reveals the function of PagE2Fa1 in drought response, identifying it as a promising genetic target for enhancing drought tolerance in forest trees.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148006888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-assisted proteomic dissection reveals sex-biased and shared proteomic patterns in Populus deltoides under waterlogging stress and subsequent recovery.","authors":"Nida Arif, El-Hadji Malick Cisse, Ling-Feng Miao, Da-Dong Li, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpag056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual dimorphism in dioecious tree species and proteomic responses under stress represents an underappreciated axis of stress resilience. Here, we investigated sex-biased proteomic patterns in Populus deltoides exposed to long-term waterlogging and subsequent recovery. By integrating isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification, iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics with machine learning approaches, including autoencoders, graph neural networks (GNNs) and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)-based model explainability, we explored latent structure within high-dimensional protein abundance data. Unsupervised autoencoders captured dominant stress-related variation but showed limited resolution of sex-associated differences. In contrast, GNN and GraphSAGE embeddings disentangled sex-biased proteins embedded within broader waterlogging and recovery responses, highlighting a structured and topologically coherent proteomic differentiation. SHAP analyses applied to Random Forest, and XGBoost models trained on latent features confirmed that waterlogging is the most decisive contributor to sex bias compared with recovery. Further, in males, selective retention of photosynthetic capacity was evident through the increased protein abundance of Photosystem II components (PsbH, PsbR) and light-harvesting proteins (Lhcb1, Lhcb2), coupled with targeted decreased protein abundance of cytochrome b6f and Photosystem I subunits during stress and a partial rebound post-waterlogging. In contrast, females displayed widespread suppression across the photosynthetic apparatus, suggesting a reduced capacity for functional recovery. Stress-specific modulation of phenylpropanoid and proline pathways further revealed divergent metabolic strategies. Together, our findings revealed sex-biased proteomic plasticity as a critical determinant of recovery potential in P. deltoides and established a graph-based machine-learning framework for decoding the hidden layers of functional dimorphism under abiotic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive allelopathic effects of Cornus controversa litter on soil phosphatase activity and seedling growth in the endangered tree Davidia involucrata.","authors":"Yujie Wang, Huan Wang, Zhengchuan Liang, El-Hadji Malick Cisse, Dadong Li, Yamei Chen, Qinsong Liu, Xiao Xu","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag055","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpag055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allelopathic interactions between associated tree species can shape seedling establishment, resource acquisition and long-term coexistence. However, the mechanisms underlying such interactions in endangered plants remain underexplored. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether and how aqueous litter extracts from Cornus controversa Hemsl. influence the growth performance and nutrient acquisition in Davidia involucrata Baill., a relict and endangered tree species in China. Seedlings were treated with distilled water (control), branch litter extract, leaf litter extract or a mixture of both at natural concentrations. Across all treatments, litter extracts increased plant height, total leaf area, dry mass, and tissue nitrogen and phosphorus content, with branch litter extract exerting the strongest growth-promoting effects. Notably, this treatment was associated with a marked increase in soil phosphatase activity, while root phosphatase activity remained unchanged. Soil phosphatase activity showed significant positive relationships with most growth traits of D. involucrata seedlings. Metabolite profiling identified 35 shared compounds and multiple organ-specific metabolites among the extracts, with branch litter extracts exhibiting the highest abundance of indole-related compounds, suggesting a potential biochemical basis for the observed positive allelopathic effects. These findings reveal a previously underappreciated positive allelopathic interaction involving an endangered tree species and demonstrate that organ-specific litter inputs can enhance nutrient acquisition by activating soil enzymes. This study offers novel mechanistic insights into how associated tree species may sustain ecological interactions under nutrient-limited conditions, with implications for the conservation and management of endangered forest species.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbohydrate reserve partitioning and reproductive decline following defoliation-induced carbon source limitation in mango (Mangifera indica).","authors":"Gerhard C Rossouw, Bruno R Tamelini, Carole Wright, Sophie Jones, Geoffrey Dickinson, Ryan Orr","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag069","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpag069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) reserves can support fruit development and buffer source-sink imbalances in fruit trees, yet their organ-specific contributions remain poorly understood in mango (Mangifera indica L.). This study investigated the impacts of severe carbon source limitation on fruit productivity and NSC reserve dynamics over two consecutive growing seasons. A near-complete defoliation, retaining only 40 leaves (<0.5% of estimated leaves per tree), was imposed during rapid fruit growth in the first season. Starch and soluble sugar concentrations were monitored in roots, trunks, branches, shoots, pedicels and leaves, alongside fruit growth and yield. Fruit growth, number and dry matter content declined, with whole-tree fruit NSC content reduced to one-third of controls by end of the first season. In the following season, fruit NSC concentrations recovered to control levels, but reproductive output remained impaired, with fewer fruiting trees and lower yields, highlighting lasting impacts of prior source limitation on reproductive processes. Non-structural carbohydrate reserve dynamics varied across organs. Trunks behaved as long-term starch storage tissues, exhibiting marked depletion under defoliation in the first season, followed by strong recovery in the second. Coarse roots, assessed only in the second season, also showed similar storage behavior, with previously defoliated trees ending the season with higher reserve concentrations than controls. Branches and medium roots operated as more transient buffering tissues, with dynamics in medium roots driven more by phenology than tree carbon status. Shoots, leaves and pedicels, dominated by soluble sugars, served as short-term buffers, rapidly depleted under canopy loss but recovering once fruit load was reduced. Mango trees responded to source limitation through widespread NSC reserve remobilization, followed by synchronized reserve rebuilding across structural organs at the expense of reproduction. These findings emphasize the central role of foliar source capacity in sustaining productivity and clarify the hierarchical functions of NSC pools in buffering carbon limitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylem anatomy and pit architecture but not perforation-plate types shape hydraulic strategies against hypersaline and drought stress in eight woody mangroves.","authors":"Yang Wei, Xin Jiang, Brendan Choat, Amy Ny Aina Aritsara, Kunfang Cao, Yajun Chen","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpag049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mangrove species mainly inhabit tropical and subtropical intertidal zones, where they suffer periodic tidal inundation. They display diverse perforation-plate types and pit structures; however, the extent to which these anatomical features contribute to their adaptation to coastal environments remains unclear. In this study, we quantified 27 traits, representing hydraulics, anatomy and pit characteristics, in eight woody mangrove species from Hainan, Southern China, including four simple-perforation (SI) and four scalariform-perforation (SC) plate species. All species exhibited high xylem embolism resistance (P50: -4.39 to -6.65 MPa) but relatively low hydraulic efficiency (Ks-max: 0.65 to 1.87 kg m-1 s-1 MPa-1). We found an overall trade-off between hydraulic safety and efficiency; species with greater embolism resistance had narrower conduits, thicker vessel walls and higher fractions of axial parenchyma. These species also exhibited more negative minimum water potentials (Ψmin: -2.90 to -3.98 MPa) and wider hydraulic safety margins (1.56 to 3.01 MPa) than species with lower embolism resistance. Although no significant differences were observed in hydraulic function or most xylem anatomy between SI and SC species, likely due to substantial within-group variations, pit architecture differed markedly. The SI species had smaller, more densely packed pits compared with SC species. Additionally, variations in pit aperture size and shape well explained interspecific differences in hydraulic safety but not hydraulic efficiency. Our findings highlight that enhanced hydraulic safety, rather than efficiency, underpins mangrove adaptation to hypersaline environment through reinforcement both anatomical and pit architecture. While perforation plate morphology influences pit architecture, it does not appear to affect hydraulic function directly. Further research, including a broader taxonomic range, is necessary to clarify how variations in perforation-plate types modulate hydraulic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13229405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic joint analysis to explore the molecular mechanisms of different resistant poplar varieties in response to the feeding damage of Anoplophora glabripennis.","authors":"Zhiyuan Niu, Yongliang Yuan, Shaofei Tong, Haiyan Cui, Hong He, Junfeng Fan, Kailang Yang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag058","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpag058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In China, Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) infestations severely threaten poplar resources, the primary species used for shelterbelt afforestation. Two fast-growing poplar hybrids, Populus alba × (P. alba × Populus glandulosa) (QB3) and Populus nigra × Populus deltoides (Ta), exhibit contrasting ALB resistance: QB3 is resistant, while Ta is highly susceptible. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we examined transcriptome and metabolome changes in QB3 and Ta after ALB feeding. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significantly differential expressions of MKK9, EBF1 and PRB1 genes between QB3 and Ta under both control and infested conditions, with enrichment in the plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Following insect herbivory, QB3 upregulated LOX3.1, ACX3, AOS3, PED1 and JMT genes, enriched in α-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism. Metabolomic profiling showed significant variations in ALA abundance. After ALB feeding, QB3 exhibited a marked increase in ALA content compared with Ta, while γ-linolenic acid levels remained unchanged. Both genotypes showed elevated jasmonic acid-isoleucine concentrations, with QB3 displaying extremely significant increases versus moderately significant increases in Ta. These results offer insights into poplar tree responses to ALB feeding damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the vessel: towards a unified framework of dendroecology and ecophysiology for understanding angiosperm tree functioning in European temperate climates.","authors":"Elena Larysch, Katja Kröner, Davide Ascoli, Joshua Braun-Wimmer, Willem Goossens, Ansgar Kahmen, Stefan Klesse, Robert Linne, Nora Obladen, Peter Prislan, Giulia Resente, Paul Melchior Schliephack, Thomas Seifert, Kathy Steppe, Georg von Arx, Mareike Hirsch","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpag044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpag044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angiosperm tree species play a central role in temperate forest ecosystems, providing critical ecological and economic services, yet their physiological functioning and responses to environmental stress remain insufficiently understood compared with economically important conifer species. Current methods for studying angiosperm tree functioning such as physiological monitoring or wood formation analyses are often invasive, resource-demanding or difficult to scale, limiting our ability to integrate structural and functional perspectives over time. By contrast, wood anatomical data are abundant and relatively easy to collect across individuals, years and sites, offering a powerful opportunity to infer underlying physiological processes. Here, we synthesized current understanding of drivers of wood formation and resulting wood anatomy in European temperate angiosperms. We identified key knowledge gaps in wood formation, wood anatomy and tree physiology, and outline interdisciplinary methodological advances that could assist the integration of structural and functional data. Such integration will be essential for developing more robust and predictive frameworks of angiosperm tree growth under changing environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}