Tree physiology最新文献

{"title":"Emission patterns of volatile organic compounds from Norway spruce logs following bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) infestation.","authors":"Baoguo Du, Tobias Frühbrodt, Horst Delb, Tim Burzlaff, Peter H W Biedermann, Jürgen Kreuzwieser","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae152","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) is economically one of the most important conifer species in Europe. Spruce forests are threatened by outbreaks of the bark beetle Ips typographus L., and this will worsen with a projected warmer and drier climate and increased outbreak dynamic following storms. Volatile terpenes and aromatics play pivotal roles in defence of trees, however little is known about the emission dynamics of these compounds from trees colonized with I. typographus, particularly in dependence on the beetle's developmental stages and colonization densities. Here, we analysed the emission profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from spruce logs colonized with low (LDT) and high (HDT) densities of I. typographus from the initial colonization until the emergence of the next beetle generation. A first VOCs emission peak appeared directly after colonization and lasted for 1 week. It mainly consisted of monoterpenoids and most likely reflected the trees' constitutive defence against herbivory. Under HDT, a second emission maximum occurred during the larval stage, whereas under LDT a second peak appeared later during maturation feeding of callow beetles. In contrast to the first peak, sesquiterpenoids, aromatics and oxygenated monoterpenoids dominated the second peak, possibly reflecting the trees' induced defence. Developing beetles seem to face a variety of defence compounds even if the tree has been overwhelmed and colonization by parental beetles was already successful. The specific release patterns under LDT and HDT might be due to different availability of precursor compounds, depletion of constitutively stored compounds and differences in microbial activities associated with the bark beetles. The present study highlights constitutive defence of spruce trees upon herbivore attack, and the effect of infestation density on the temporal dynamics of induced defence. Particularly the oxygenated monoterpenoid terpinen-4-ol may be used as cue to assess habitat quality and competition by newly arriving beetles.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willow oak (Quercus phellos) seedling roots continue respiration and growth during fall and winter in a soil temperature-dependent manner.","authors":"Jonathan M Kressuk, James T Collins, Emile S Gardiner, Mohammad M Bataineh, Benjamin A Babst","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae154","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many greentree reservoirs (GTRs) and other bottomland hardwood forests have experienced a shift in tree species composition away from desired red oaks (Quercus section Lobatae), like willow oak (Quercus phellos L.), due to flood stress mortality. Trees experience flood stress primarily through their root system, so it is surmised that GTR flooding may be occurring before root systems have reduced their activity entering the winter. Because soils buffer seasonal temperature changes, we hypothesized that root activity would respond to the belowground environment rather than the aboveground environment. To investigate whether cold soil temperatures reduce root growth and respiration in willow oak during winter, soil temperatures for container seedlings were either held at 15 °C or transitioned to 10 or 5 °C in the late fall. Root elongation was measured in seedlings grown in rhizotron pots by analyzing repeated images of roots during the fall-winter transition period. Root respiration, measured at soil temperature levels, was used as an indicator of root energetic expenses. Also, root respiration was measured at 15 and 5 °C to determine Q10 values to test for acclimation to low soil temperature. Root elongation continued in winter, even after stem elongation stopped in soil temperatures ≥5 °C, a condition usually met throughout most of the native range of willow oak. Both root elongation and respiration rates decreased in cooler soil temperatures. However, Q10 values were unaffected by soil temperature treatment. These findings do not support root dormancy or cold acclimation of root respiratory activity but indicate that temperature directly and reversibly affected root respiration rate. Root elongation may have been dependent on photoassimilates produced by green leaves that were retained through much of winter. Overall, our results suggest that willow oak roots may continue a high rate of growth throughout winter, unlike most temperate species measured to date, and that soil temperature has a major influence over their growth and respiration rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juniperus virginiana sourced from colder climates maintain higher ratios of soluble sugars to starch during cold acclimation.","authors":"Samuel C Harbol, Randall W Long, Juliana S Medeiros","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpad115","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpad115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) are carbon compounds that serve a large variety of purposes, which makes it hard to disentangle how their concentrations change in response to environmental stress. Soluble sugars can accumulate in plants as metabolic demand decreases, e.g., in response to drought or as seasonal temperatures decrease. Alternatively, actively allocating to NSCs could be beneficial in cold acclimation (CA) or in periods of increased aridity because soluble sugars serve non-metabolic functions as cryoprotectants and in osmoregulation. We used Juniperus virginiana L., a woody plant currently expanding its range, to investigate whether plants sourced from colder and more arid locations maintained higher concentrations of NSCs. We sourced three populations of J. virginiana from across an environmental gradient, and we compared these with the closely related Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. We grew the plants in a common garden in north-east OH, part of J. virginiana's historic range. We exposed the plants to a drought treatment during the summer and then measured the NSC concentrations and cold-hardiness as the plants acclimated to colder temperatures and shorter days. We found that individuals originating from the warmer, more southern range edge were initially not as cold-hardy as plants from the other source populations and that they only reached similar hardiness after prolonged low temperatures. We did not find an effect of drought on NSCs, although this may be due to other traits conferring a high level of drought tolerance in J. virginiana. Across all plants, the NSC concentration increased over the CA period, specifically as sugars. Although the highest concentrations of sugars were found in plants from southern populations, the plants from colder environments maintained higher sugar-to-starch ratios. These results highlight the importance of NSCs in CA and that plants sourced from different climates showed different physiological responses to shortening days and low temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"106-118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41149203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local adaptation to aridity in a widely distributed angiosperm tree species is mediated by seasonal increase of sugars and reduced growth.","authors":"Frida I Piper, Alex Fajardo","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpad078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpad078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trees in dry climates often have higher concentrations of total non-structural carbohydrates (NSC = starch + soluble sugars [SS]) and grow less than conspecifics in more humid climates. This pattern might result from the growth being more constrained by aridity than the carbon (C) gain, or reflect local adaptation to aridity, since NSC fuel metabolism and ensure adequate osmoregulation through the supply of SS, while low growth reduces water and C demands. It has been further proposed that C allocation to storage could come at the expense of growth (i.e., a growth-storage trade-off). We examined whether NSC and growth reflect the local adaptation to aridity in Embothrium coccineum J. R. Forst & G. Forst. (Proteaceae), a species with an exceptionally wide niche. To control for any influence of phenotypic plasticity on NSC and growth, we collected seeds from dry (46° 16'S, 71° 55'W, 500 mm year-1) and moist (45° 24'S, 72° 40'W, >2500 mm year-1) climates and grew seedlings in a common garden experiment for 3 years. We then compared the NSC and SS concentrations and pools (i.e., total contents) and the biomass of seedlings at spring, summer and fall. Seedlings from the dry climate had significantly lower biomass and similar NSC concentrations and pools as seedlings from moist climate, suggesting that reduced growth in arid environments does not result from a prioritization of C allocation to storage but that it confers advantages under aridity (e.g., lower transpiration area). Across organs, starch and NSC decreased similarly in seedlings from both climates from spring onward. However, root and stem SS concentrations increased during the growing season, and these increases were significantly higher in seedlings from the dry climate. The greater SS accumulation in seedlings from the dry climate compared with those from the moist climate demonstrates ecotypic differentiation in the seasonal dynamics of SS, suggesting that SS underlie local adaptation to aridity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11898622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10067626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher's Note: Origin and fate of carbon and nitrogen reserves in trees.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaf030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":"44 13","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uniform carbon reserve dynamics along the vertical light gradient in mature tree crowns.","authors":"Cedric Zahnd, Miro Zehnder, Matthias Arend, Ansgar Kahmen, Günter Hoch","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the within-tree variability of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) is crucial for interpreting point measurements and calculating whole-tree carbon balances. Yet, little is known about how the vertical light gradient within tree crowns influences branch NSC concentrations and dynamics. We measured NSC concentrations, irradiance and key leaf traits in uppermost, sun-exposed and lowest, shaded branches in the crowns of mature, temperate trees from nine species with high temporal resolution throughout one growing season. Measurements from two additional years allowed us to test the generality of our findings amongst climatically contrasting years. Despite the vertical light gradient, we found very similar seasonal NSC dynamics and concentrations between sun and shade branches in most species. This can at least partially be explained by acclimations in specific leaf area and photosynthetic leaf traits compensating the different light availability between the top and bottom canopy. Only in the ring-porous species Quercus petraea x robur and Fraxinus  excelsior was starch refilling after budbreak slower in lower branches. End-of-season NSC concentrations were similar between canopy positions and amongst observation years. Only Fagus sylvatica had 40 and 29% lower starch concentrations by the end of the extremely dry year 2020, relative to the other 2 years. We show that NSC measured anywhere in a tree crown is often representative of the whole crown. Overall, our results suggest that carbon reserve dynamics in trees are largely insensitive to both microclimatic gradients and inter-annual climatic variation, and only deviate under severe carbon deficits, as was presumably the case with Fagus in our study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"232-245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11898625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced belowground sink activity in Populus: 'Spray and pray' meets high-throughput transcriptomics and metabolomics.","authors":"Rachel Spicer","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpad090","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpad090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"102-105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree carbon dynamics: what the age and availability of nonstructural carbohydrates can tell us about forest ecosystem resilience in a changing world†.","authors":"Kyra A Prats, Morgan E Furze","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpad143","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpad143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"217-220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting to the root of carbon reserve dynamics in woody plants: progress, challenges and goals.","authors":"Simon M Landhäusser, Henry D Adams","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae151","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal dynamics of stomatal regulation and carbon- and water-related traits for a native tree species in low subtropical China.","authors":"Li-Wei Zhu, Yan-Qiong Li, Long-Wei Lu, Jing-Yi Wang, Jie Du, Ping Zhao","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stomata are pivotal in modulating water and carbon processes within plants. However, our understanding of the temporal dynamics of water- and carbon-related traits, as influenced by stomatal behavior, remains limited. Here, we explore how stomatal regulation behavior and water- and carbon-related traits vary with changing environments by examining the seasonal variations in these traits of the native tree species Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. in low subtropical China. In February, April and July of 2022, a series of water- and carbon-related traits were measured in the leaves and stems. The results showed that S. superba exhibited isohydric behavior in February when the soil dried out and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was lower but anisohydric behavior in April and July when the soil was wetter and VPD was higher. In February, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and their components increased, and a relatively large contribution of soluble sugars to the change in NSC was observed. In the branches and phloem, NSC and their components displayed a relatively high monthly variability, suggesting their role in maintaining carbon balance within the trees. Conversely, the NSC in the leaves demonstrated minimal monthly variability. The specific leaf area, as well as the concentration of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) per unit mass in leaves and the cumulative stem water release, exhibited a decrease with a reduction in soil water potential. Interestingly, the hydraulic conductivity remained consistent throughout this process. Furthermore, the relatively low monthly growth rate observed in February could suggest a carbon sink limitation. In conclusion, the increased NSC and decreased water status of S. superba under relatively stressed soil conditions indicated a trade-off between water and carbon storage. Our findings enhance our comprehension of the dynamics and regulation of water and carbon status in forests, thereby advancing the development of plant carbon and water process models under climate change scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":"246-259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11898628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}