Tree physiology最新文献

{"title":"Gas exchange of Pinus densiflora seedlings is reduced by the combined effect of high summer temperatures and cumulative heat under open-field warming.","authors":"Heejae Jo, Florent Noulèkoun, Koong Yi, Jinseo Kim, Gwang-Jung Kim, Minyoung Kwon, Gaeun Kim, Jae-Ah Lee, Jeong-Min Lee, Yowhan Son","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc. (Korean pine) is one of the dominant coniferous species on the Korean Peninsula and is reportedly vulnerable to climate change. We investigated how P. densiflora seedlings respond to seasonal warming at an open-field nursery in Seoul, South Korea. Using infrared heaters, the ambient temperatures of four seedling groups were raised by 4 °C at different periods of the growing season: control (C; no artificial warming), constant warming throughout the growing season (W; 15 April-October), warming during summer only (WS; 1 June-31 August), and warming during spring and fall (WSF; 15 April-31 May and 1 September-15 October). Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the effects of treatments, time of assessment and season on the gas exchange and leaf pigment contents of the needles. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate was reduced by W from July to October, with the most pronounced decrease in October. The responses of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were quicker and stronger than that of net photosynthetic rate, showing reduction from June, with the most pronounced decrease in October under W and in July to August under WS, thereby improving the water-use efficiency of the seedlings. Across treatments, the reduction in physiological activities was most pronounced in the W treatment, highlighting the substantial negative impact of combined high temperatures and accumulated heat on the gas exchange of the seedlings. The decrease in the chlorophyll-to-carotenoid ratio further indicated that the seedlings were experiencing stress. Overall, our findings indicate that P. densiflora seedlings are more adversely affected by warming during summer than in spring and fall, with prolonged warming leading to greater impacts. Although increased water-use efficiency suggests the potential for adaptation to warming in P. densiflora, a long-term decline in gas exchange is anticipated under projected climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus deficiency suppresses the trans-zeatin riboside accumulation by up-regulating CeIPT5, promoting root elongation and phosphorus absorption efficiency of Casuarina equisetifolia.","authors":"Lijuan Jiang, Hua Yang, Yunshuang Du, Zhaoliang Zheng, Shanshan Ding, Xinyan Zhang, Xingliang Yao, Gongfu Ye, Jun Su, Jian Li","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorus (P) deficiency is critical to the renewal barrier of she-oak (Casuarina equisetifolia), an important tree species used for coastal protection. However, the response of she-oak to P deficiency remains unclear. In this study, we compared the phenotypes of two she-oak cultivars, the P deficiency-sensitive 'Chihu219' and the insensitive 'Chihu397', and found that P deficiency significantly increased root growth, P concentration and phosphorus absorption efficiency (PAE) in Chihu219, but not in Chihu397. We also analyzed the transcriptome and metabolome of these cultivars under different P conditions and showed that trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) levels were highly suppressed by P deficiency in Chihu219, but not in Chihu397. Furthermore, exogenous tZR suppressed both root P concentration and PAE while promoting P-use efficiency. We also identified CeIPT5 (isopentenyltransferase 5) as a key regulatory gene of tZR biosynthesis and found that its expression was more highly induced by P deficiency in Chihu219 than in Chihu397. We also showed that overexpression of CeIPT5 in insensitive she-oak lines reduced tZR concentration and increased root P concentration compared with the vector control. Taken together, P deficiency can greatly reduce tZR accumulation in P deficiency-insensitive she-oak at least by activating the tZR accumulation regulatory gene, CeIPT5, thereby promoting root elongation and P concentration. This study not only provides a genetic basis for enhancing PAE in woody plants but also establishes a theoretical basis for optimizing root structure and improving nutrient utilization efficiency, thereby promoting sustainable forestry development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The challenge of unravelling tree water-use strategies-balancing deep root-water uptake vs water reserves.","authors":"Richard L Peters, Katrin Meusburger","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf057","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correspondence between genetic data and leaf morphological and anatomical traits in two Mediterranean Quercus and their hybrids along environmental gradients.","authors":"Santiago González-Carrera, Alfonso Escudero, Ignacio Martín, Montserrat Martínez-Ortega, Sonia Mediavilla","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oaks are known for their frequent hybridization, a trend that generates a wide phenotypic spectrum and produces taxonomic confusion within the genus. Different approaches are needed for hybrids characterization, such as a combination of leaf morphological and anatomical traits supported by molecular data. Here, we characterized some morphological and anatomical (veins and stomata) leaf traits and their changes across a temperature gradient of two closely related Mediterranean Quercus species (Q. faginea Lam. and Q. pyrenaica Willd.) and their hybrids, preliminarily identified from molecular markers. Quercus faginea tended to exhibit more drought-adapted traits (smaller leaf size, larger vein and stomatal density, but lower stomatal index) than Q. pyrenaica. Quercus faginea also tended to exhibit stronger responses to environmental changes between the climatic zones. Hybrids possessed intermediate stomatal and vein traits between the two parent species but they were similar to Q. faginea for most morphological traits. For a few leaf shape parameters, such as the length/maximum width ratio, hybrids tended to exhibit larger values than both parent species. Whether this transgressive character of the hybrids affects their fitness in the contact zones between the two parent species needs to be better investigated. For the three genetic groups there were consistent changes in morphological traits across the climatic gradient. By contrast, stomatal and vein traits did not show significant within-species changes across the gradient. Leaf size decreased with decreasing temperatures, mainly due to a strong reduction of maximum leaf width. It is known that a reduced leaf size leads to the reduction of the thickness of the air boundary layer at the leaf surface. We suggest that the smaller leaf sizes at the colder sites would constitute an adaptation to avoid frost damage, given the trend of large leaves with thick boundary layers to develop nighttime temperatures lower than air temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into alleviation mechanism of boron on H+ toxicity in Poncirus trifoliate: evidence from the stabled intracellular pH to the repaired plasma membrane.","authors":"Jin Cheng, Muhammad Riaz, Saba Babar, Yu Liu, Siyun Xiao, Cuncang Jiang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf059","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inappropriate fertilization and poor management practices in citrus orchards can cause soil acidification, which may result in potential proton (H+) toxicity to citrus roots. It has been reported that boron (B) can mediate H+ detoxification in citrus; however, the mechanisms remain limited. Herein, a hydroponic experiment was employed to unravel the alleviation mechanism of B on H+ toxicity at pH 4 in trifoliate (Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf.) seedlings. H+ toxicity reduced cytoplasmic pH from 7.2 (control) to 6.9 and vacuolar pH from 5.6 (control) to 5.4. This severely damaged the plasma membrane (PM) and inhibited root activity by 35%. However, B supplementation restored cytoplasmic pH to 7.1 and vacuolar pH to 5.6, enhancing root activity by 52% and reducing membrane permeability (relative conductivity decreased by 28%). Mechanistically, B upregulated phosphorylated-type adenosine triphosphatase activity by 14%; conversely, it suppressed vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatase hyperactivity by 9% to stabilize vacuolar pH. Furthermore, B restored PM integrity by increasing phospholipid (40%), glycolipid (50%) and sulfhydryl group (28%) content, critical for membrane structure and function. It is concluded that B can alleviate root growth inhibition induced by H+ toxicity via increasing the content of key components of PM, which not only repairs the damaged PM but also maintains cellular pH homeostasis through enzyme regulation. The improvement of citrus growth correspondingly safeguards the production capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using fibre-optic sensing for non-invasive, continuous dendrometry of mature tree trunks.","authors":"Martijn van den Ende, Eléonore Oberlé, Thierry Améglio, Robin Ardito, Gildas Gâteblé","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf058","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dendrometry is the main non-invasive macroscopic technique commonly used in plant physiology and ecophysysiology studies. Over the years several types of dendrometric techniques have been developed, each with their respective strengths and drawbacks. Automatic and continuous monitoring solutions are being developed, but are still limited, particularly for non-invasive monitoring of large-diameter trunks. In this study, we propose a new type of automated dendrometer based on distributed fibre-optic sensing that continuously measures the change in stem circumference, is non-invasive and has no upper limit on the trunk diameter on which it can be installed. We performed a 3-month validation experiment during which we deployed a fibre-optic cable at three localities around the trunks of two specimens of Brachychiton. We verified the accuracy of this new method through comparison with a conventional point-dendrometer, and we observed a consistent time lag between the various measurement locations that varies with the meteorological conditions. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of the fibre-based dendrometer in the context of existing dendrometric techniques and practical experimental considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative RNA sequencing-based transcriptome profiling of Quercur robur: specific sets of genes involved in taproot and lateral roots emergence.","authors":"Paulina Kościelniak, Paulina Glazińska, Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna, Joanna Mucha, Marcin Zadworny","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root development is well recognized in model plants, with many studies focusing only on primary root growth or lateral root initiation. However, taproot vs lateral root development has rarely been explored using molecular tools, and even less is understood about how the molecular processes engaged in taproot elongation shape the emergence of lateral roots in trees in the time-dependent manner. We address how gene expression is associated with elongation of taproot and lateral root formation of Quercus robur L. In addition, we have analyzed how the exogenous application of hormones and inhibitors shapes the root architecture. We also revealed that lateral root formation and emergence corresponds to expression of genes at specific taproot length points. Therefore, our study suggests that the pattern of gene expression in the taproot tips is involved in the shaping of lateral root growth. In addition, we have shown that lateral roots are characterized by a set of genes that are distinct from those expressed in the taproot tips. Insights from this study contribute to better understanding root development in trees.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated nitrogen fertilization enhances Scots pine growth and carbon uptake without persistent long-term effects in boreal forests.","authors":"Anni Palvi, Eduardo Martínez-García, Paul Szejner, Katja T Rinne-Garmston, Giles H F Young, Elina Sahlstedt, Raisa Mäkipää, Aleksi Lehtonen","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf053","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen (N) fertilization is known to enhance tree biomass production and carbon (C) assimilation in N-limited boreal forests. Yet, the long-term effects of repeated N applications remain limited. Here, we evaluate the impact of repeated N fertilization at 10-year intervals over six decades on a nutrient-poor Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in Central Finland. The analysis encompassed both short-term (single N-addition) and long-term (multi-decadal repeated N-additions) responses of basal area increment (BAI) and carbon isotope composition in tree rings (δ13C) from fertilized and control plots from 1960 to 2022. Furthermore, needle mass and chemistry were investigated, and stand-level nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE, amount of stem volume or tree C increased per unit mass of N added) estimated. We found that a single N-addition had a positive short-term effect on the tree ring δ13C during the first 2 years after fertilization. This suggests a combined effect on increase in photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductance, likely driven by greater needle mass and higher N content. Basal area increment showed a delayed but rapid increase, attributable to enhanced needle mass from improved photosynthesis, reaching its peak 2 years after fertilization, and then persisting for a period of 4-7 years. However, by the end of each decadal fertilization cycle, BAI and δ13C values in N treatment reached those of control, demonstrating no lasting site carry-over effects. The mean decadal NUE for the tree stem volume was 0.16 m3 per kg N added, indicating a significant degree of N retention in the forest ecosystem. After six decades, the cumulative impact of repeated fertilization led to a 47% increase in BAI in fertilized plots compared with controls, demonstrating the efficacy of accumulated short-term growth enhancements. Our findings highlight the potential of repeated N fertilization as an effective forest management practice to support the bioeconomy and mitigate climate change in nutrient-poor boreal forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CsSAD1-silenced in tea leaves impairs drought tolerance by decreasing plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity.","authors":"Xiangzong Luo, Haijun Bi, Kunlong Su, Yunqi Liu, Yeyun Li, Xianchen Zhang","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf043","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought stress is a negative regulatory factor that leads to reduced yield and quality. Unsaturated fatty acids controlled by stearic acid desaturase play a key role in mediating membrane fluidity to cope with drought stress; however, the response of CsSAD1 to drought stress is poorly understood. In this study, CsSAD1-silenced leaves displayed weakened drought tolerance, accompanied by lower Fv/Fm and higher Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, CsSAD1-overexpressing Arabidopsis exhibited an elevated tolerance to drought stress in pot experiments. Furthermore, CsSAD1-silenced leaves displayed reduced plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, which promoted membrane potential depolarization and led to a massive K+ loss under Polyethylene glycol (PEG) stress. In contrast, CsSAD1-overexpressing Arabidopsis showed higher plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and alleviated membrane potential depolarization, which in turn mitigated K+ loss under drought stress. Moreover, an exogenous supply of Na3VO4 (P-type ATPases inhibitor) further indicated that the difference in K+ efflux in the transgenic plants was dependent on the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Therefore, silencing CsSAD1 in tea leaves inhibited plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, which was the primary factor contributing to the maintenance of K+ homeostasis and, consequently, drought tolerance in tea plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol deposition affects water uptake and water loss of beech leaves.","authors":"Irmgard Koch, Ansgar Kahmen, Jürgen Burkhardt","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf055","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The deposition of aerosols on leaves could significantly influence plant-atmosphere interaction through the formation of very thin aqueous films that allow the transport of liquid water through the stomata. Such films can be formed by deliquescence and dynamic expansion of hygroscopic aerosols ('hydraulic activation of stomata'; HAS). Two processes that may be associated with stomatal liquid water transport are foliar water uptake (FWU) and the contribution of 'leaky stomata' to minimum epidermal conductance (gmin). We investigated whether ambient aerosols affect FWU and gmin of Fagus sylvatica L. seedlings. Plants were grown in ventilated greenhouses with ambient air or filtered, almost aerosol-free air. gmin was determined using leaf drying curves. The FWU was investigated gravimetrically and with deuterium-enriched water, starting from different leaf water potentials, by spraying freshly cut or pre-dried leaves (60 min). The presence of aerosols in the environment increased gmin by about 47%, confirming previous measurements in other species. The gravimetric measurements did not show a significantly increased FWU. However, deuterium uptake was higher when aerosols were present, indicating a lower resistance to water uptake into the leaves. Deuterium uptake was higher for freshly cut leaves than for pre-dried leaves, despite the lower leaf water potential of the pre-dried leaves. Both gmin and FWU results are consistent with bidirectional stomatal transport of liquid water along aerosol-induced pathways. The FWU could also have been generated by water vapor fluxes through 'reverse transpiration', although the functional contribution of the aerosols would remain unclear. At low leaf water potential, the pathway may dry out and become less functional for FWU, whereas it may still be noticeable as stomatal leakage, given the strong gradient of water potential from the leaf interior to the atmosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}