Tree physiology最新文献

{"title":"Foliage development and resource allocation determine the growth responses of silver birch (Betula pendula) to elevated environmental humidity.","authors":"Eele Õunapuu-Pikas, Arvo Tullus, Priit Kupper, Ilona Tamm, Taavi Reinthal, Arne Sellin","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae161","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scenarios for future climate predict an increase in precipitation amounts and frequency of rain events, resulting in higher air humidity and soil moisture at high latitudes, including in northern Europe. We analysed the effects of artificially elevated environmental humidity (air relative humidity and soil moisture) on leaf gas exchange, water relations, growth and phenology of silver birch (Betula pendula) trees growing at the free air humidity manipulation experimental site situated in the hemiboreal vegetation zone, in eastern Estonia, with no occurring water deficit to the trees. The environmental humidity manipulation did not significantly affect the water relations traits but did affect some leaf gas exchange parameters, growth and phenology of the trees. Elevated air humidity (H) did not influence photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance, while the trees exhibited higher stomatal sensitivity to leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference compared with the trees at ambient conditions (C) or at elevated soil moisture (I). H trees demonstrated reduced height growth and foliage biomass, increased allocation to stem radial growth and prolonged leaf retention in autumn compared with the C trees. Increased air humidity supports longer leaf retention and growth period, but this does not translate into increased growth parameters at the tree level. The changes in tree growth in response to increasing atmospheric humidity could plausibly be explained by (i) retardation of foliage development and (ii) changes in resource allocation, causing a shift in the ratio of photosynthetic to non-photosynthetic tissues in favour of the latter. Under high atmospheric evaporative demand, higher stomatal sensitivity in H trees induces faster stomatal closure, which may result in carbon starvation. A future rise in atmospheric humidity at high latitudes may lead to reduced tree growth and forest productivity, in contrast to the predicted future of forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clonal differences in ecophysiological responses to imposed drought in selected Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla hybrids.","authors":"Tiago Massi Ferraz, Sebastião de Oliveira Maia Júnior, Guilherme Augusto Rodrigues de Souza, Danilo Força Baroni, Weverton Pereira Rodrigues, Elias Fernandes de Sousa, Ricardo Penchel, Rodolfo Loos, Fábio Afonso Mazzei Moura de Assis Figueiredo, Miroslava Rakocevic, Eliemar Campostrini","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae160","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measuring ecophysiological responses of Eucalyptus clones grown under reduced water availability could assist in clonal selection for climate resilience. We hypothesized that clonal variation in chlorophyll a fluorescence was more readily detected than variations in leaf-level gas exchanges when 2-year-old Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden × Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake hybrid clones (C1, C2, C3 and C4) grown under rainfed (RF) and water-restricted (WR) conditions were evaluated during dry and rainy seasons, in the morning and midday diurnal periods. The C2 clone was the most drought tolerant as it had a similar net CO2 assimilation rate (A) considering the RF and WR conditions at midday during the dry season, while C1, C3 and C4 CO2 assimilation rates (A) decreased by 29.1%, 28.3% and 13%, respectively. This response was associated with a reduction to a lesser extent in leaf water potential, stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rates (E) (ca 10%, 30% and 13% under WR, respectively), when compared with the other clones during the dry season at midday. The lower leaf to air vapor pressure deficit of C2 contributed to its greater water-use efficiency (WUE), resulting in greater total dry mass gain. C1, C3 and C4 were less drought tolerant, decreasing gs, E and especially A under WR, resulting in lower WUE and total dry mass gain. Chlorophyll a fluorescence indexes were better indicators of drought tolerance compared with gas exchange parameters in definition of drought tolerance of clonal Eucalyptus. Three drought-sensitive clones showed low photochemical efficiency under WR, with the electron transport rate being impaired between photosystems II and I, indicated by the greater changes in photosynthetic performance index (PIabs). Under WR conditions, Fv/Fm, Ψ0, ΦE0 and PIabs decreased in all clones while ΦD0 and DI0/CS0 increased, with C2 showing the most stable responses suggesting that the photochemical apparatus was the less damaged by drought. Thus, C2 was the best clone for regions with water scarcity.</p><p><strong>Statements: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Trx-Prx redox pathway and PGR5/PGRL1-dependent cyclic electron transfer play key regulatory roles in poplar drought stress.","authors":"Ji Guangxin, Wang Zheyuan, Song Jiaqi, Zhang Hongrui, Wang Kexin, Xu Jingjing, Sun Nan, Zhang Tanhang, Qi Siyue, Ding Changjun, Zhang Huihui","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding drought resistance mechanisms is crucial for breeding poplar species suited to arid and semiarid regions. This study explored the drought responses of three newly developed 'Zhongxiong' series poplars using integrated transcriptomic and physiological analyses. Under drought stress, poplar leaves showed significant changes in differentially expressed genes linked to photosynthesis-related pathways, including photosynthesis-antenna proteins and carbon fixation, indicating impaired photosynthetic function and carbon assimilation. Additionally, drought stress triggered oxidative damage through increased reactive oxygen species production, leading to malondialdehyde accumulation. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes closely associated with physiological responses were enriched in cell redox homeostasis pathways, specifically the thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin pathway. Key genes in this pathway and in cyclic electron flow, such as PGR5-L1A, were downregulated, suggesting compromised reactive oxygen species scavenging and photoprotection under drought stress. Notably, ZX4 poplar exhibited higher drought tolerance, maintaining stronger activity in cyclic electron flow and the thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin pathway compared with ZX3 and ZX5. Genes like PGR5-L1A, 2-Cys Prx BAS1, PrxQ and TPX are promising candidates for enhancing drought resistance in poplars through genetic improvement, with potential applications for developing resilient forestry varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The thermal optimum of photosynthetic parameters is regulated by leaf nutrients in neotropical savannas.","authors":"Tony César de Sousa Oliveira, Elmar Veenendaal, Tomas Ferreira Domingues","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae163","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global warming significantly threatens species in the Cerrado, the world's largest savannah. Therefore, understanding how plants respond to temperature change, particularly in relation to leaf-level photosynthetic capacity, is crucial to understanding the future of Cerrado vegetation. Here, we determined the optimum temperature of the maximum rate of RuBP-carboxylation and maximum electron transport rate (TOptV and TOptJ, respectively) of 12 tree species in two opposite borders (northeastern and southeastern) of the Cerrado with distinct temperature regimes. We focused on four widespread species found in both sites, four restricted to the northeast, and four to the southeast. We compared TOptV and TOptJ between regions and between widespread species (co-occurring in both sites) and species restricted to each ecoregion. Additionally, we also explored the relationship between TOptV and TOptJ with leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). As a result, we found that TOptV and TOptJ values were similar across species, regardless of the study region or species distribution range. The similarity of TOpt values among species suggests that photosynthetic performance is optimized to current temperatures. Additionally, we also observed that the TOptV and TOptJ were similar to the local maximum ambient temperatures. Therefore, if these species do not have enough plasticity, the increasing temperature predicted for this region may reduce their photosynthetic performance. Finally, the studied species exhibited general relationships between the TOptV and TOptJ and foliar key nutrients, particularly with P, suggesting the nutrient availability has an important role in the thermal acclimation of leaves. These findings offer valuable insights into physiological and ecological mechanisms in photosynthesis performance present in the Cerrado species.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deadly predictions in trees.","authors":"Timothy J Brodribb, Ibrahim Bourbia","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae155","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field integration of shoot gas-exchange and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to study the long-term regulation of photosynthesis in situ.","authors":"Jaakko Oivukkamäki, Juho Aalto, Erhard E Pfündel, Manqing Tian, Chao Zhang, Steffen Grebe, Yann Salmon, Teemu Hölttä, Albert Porcar-Castell","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae162","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the diurnal and seasonal regulation of photosynthesis is an essential step to quantify and model the impact of the environment on plant function. Although the dynamics of photosynthesis have been widely investigated in terms of CO2 exchange measurements, a more comprehensive view can be obtained when combining gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF). Until now, integrated measurements of gas-exchange and ChlF have been restricted to short-term analysis using portable infrared gas analyzer systems that include a fluorometer module. In this communication we provide a first-time demonstration of long-term, in situ and combined measurements of photosynthetic gas-exchange and ChlF. We do so by integrating a new miniature pulse amplitude modulated-fluorometer into an existing system of automated chambers to track photosynthetic gas-exchange of leaves and shoots in situ. The setup is used to track the dynamics of the light and carbon reactions of photosynthesis at a 20-min resolution in leaves of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) during summertime. The potential of the method is illustrated using the ratio between electron transport and net assimilation (ETR/ANET), which reflects the internal electron use efficiency of photosynthesis. The setup successfully captured the diurnal patterns in the ETR/ANET during summertime, including a large increase in noon ETR/ANET in response to a period of high temperatures and relatively low soil moisture, pointing to a drastic decrease in electron-use efficiency. The observations emphasize the value of combined and long-term in situ measurements of ChlF and gas-exchange, opening new opportunities to investigate, model and quantify the regulation of photosynthesis in situ and the connection between ChlF and photosynthetic gas-exchange. The next steps, potential and limitations of the approach are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A leaf-level field physiological tool linking non-invasive leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements applicable at larger ecophysiological scales.","authors":"Jean-Christophe Domec, Daniel M Johnson, Jennifer J Swenson","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae171","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon reduces lead accumulation in Moso bamboo via immobilization and suppression of metal cation transporter genes in roots.","authors":"Fan Yang, Xuanhong Xie, Yu Zhao, Zetao Jin, Xianyu Pan, Zhenming Shen, Lin Hu, Xuejun Yu, Ji Feng Shao","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf002","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpaf002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead (Pb) is a hazardous element that affects the growth and development of plants, while silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for alleviating the stress caused by heavy metals, including Pb. However, the mechanisms by which Si reduces Pb accumulation in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr ·) H · de Lehaie) remain unclear. In this study, physiological assessments and transcriptome analyses were conducted to investigate the interaction between Si and Pb. Our findings showed that Si application has no significant effect on alleviating Pb-induced inhibition of root elongation and dry weight in short-term and long-term experiments, respectively. However, it did rescue leaf yellowing and reduce Pb accumulation, particularly in the shoot. Pre-treatment with Si led to a reduction in Pb uptake, translocation and accumulation, coupled with an increase in Pb fixation within the hemicellulose of the root cell wall, resulting in a lower Pb concentration in the cell sap. At the cellular level, Pb was found to be distributed in all cells of roots, and Si pretreatment did not alter Pb distribution. Additionally, Si application downregulated the expression of genes related to ABC and metal cation transporters. These findings indicate that Si reduces Pb accumulation in Moso bamboo by immobilizing Pb in the hemicellulose of root cell walls and downregulating the expression of transporter genes involved in Pb uptake and transport.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting the soil-plant hydraulics of beech and spruce by linking root water uptake to transpiration dynamics.","authors":"Stefano Martinetti, Peter Molnar, Andrea Carminati, Marius G Floriancic","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae158","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tree water status is mainly determined by the amount of water taken up from roots and lost through leaves by transpiration. Variations in transpiration and stomatal conductance are often related to atmospheric conditions and leaf water potential. Yet, few experimental datasets exist that enable to relate leaf water potential, transpiration dynamics and temporal variation of root water uptake from different depths during soil drying. Here we explored the soil-plant hydraulic system using field measurements of water potentials and fluxes in soils, roots, stems and leaves of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) trees. Spruce maintained less negative water potentials than beech during soil drying, reflecting a more stringent stomatal control. While root water uptake depths were similar between species, water potentials in plant tissues of spruce were rather constant and less correlated across roots and the stem, possibly because of large water storage and hydraulic capacitance in these tissues. Root water uptake from deep soil layers increased during dry periods, particularly for beech. Our data suggest that species-specific root hydraulic conductance, capacitance and water uptake strategy are linked and affect transpiration dynamics. Thus, it is important to include such species-specific hydraulics when predicting transpiration rates based on plant water status.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved methodology for tracing a pulse of 13C-labelled tree photosynthate carbon to ectomycorrhizal roots, other soil biota and soil processes in the field.","authors":"Peter Högberg, Christian Klatt, Oskar Franklin, Nils Henriksson, Hyungwoo Lim, Erich Inselsbacher, Vaughan Hurry, Torgny Näsholm, Mona N Högberg","doi":"10.1093/treephys/tpae169","DOIUrl":"10.1093/treephys/tpae169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isotopic pulse-labelling of photosynthate allows tracing of carbon (C) from tree canopies to below-ground biota and calculations of its turnover in roots and recipient soil microorganisms. A high concentration of label is desirable but is difficult to achieve in field studies of intact ecosystem patches with trees. Moreover, root systems of trees overlap considerably in most forests, which requires a large labelled area to minimize the impact of C allocated below-ground by un-labelled trees. We describe a method which combines a high level of labelling at ambient concentrations of CO2, [CO2], with undisturbed root systems and a model to account for root C and root-derived C from un-labelled trees. We raised 5-m-tall chambers, each covering 50 m2 of ground (volume 250 m3) in a young boreal Pinus sylvestris L. forest with up to 5 m tall trees. Rather than a conventional single release of 13CO2, we used five consecutive releases, each followed by a draw-down period, thus avoiding high [CO2]. Hence, we elevated successively the 13CO2 from 1.1 to 23 atom% after the first release to 61 atom% after the fifth, while maintaining [CO2] below 500 p.p.m. during 4-4.5 h of labelling. The average abundance of 13CO2 was as high as 42 atom%. We used the central 10 m2 of the 50 m2 area for sampling of roots and other soil biota. We modelled the dilution of labelled C across the plots by un-labelled C from roots of trees outside the area. In the central 10 m2 area, ~85% of roots and root-associated biota received C from labelled trees. In summary, we elevated the labelling of roots and associated soil biota four-fold compared with previous studies and described the commonly overlooked impact of roots from un-labelled trees outside the labelled area.</p>","PeriodicalId":23286,"journal":{"name":"Tree physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}