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The island biology of the host microbiome. 宿主微生物群的岛屿生物学。
IF 14.9 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.001
Amar Sarkar, Aura Raulo, Mason R Stothart, Neil G O Ibata, Siobhán Harty, C Jessica E Metcalf, Brendan J M Bohannan, Gordon M Bennett, Rachel N Carmody
{"title":"The island biology of the host microbiome.","authors":"Amar Sarkar, Aura Raulo, Mason R Stothart, Neil G O Ibata, Siobhán Harty, C Jessica E Metcalf, Brendan J M Bohannan, Gordon M Bennett, Rachel N Carmody","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbiomes perform critical functions for their hosts, and understanding microbiome variation is important for both basic and applied science. However, host traits alone cannot explain the entirety of microbiome variation, because, alongside host traits, microbiomes are shaped by multiple ecological processes. Researchers have thus turned to theories of island biology, conceptualising animal hosts as islands and animal microbiomes as metacommunities that assemble within and disperse between host islands. To develop realistic models, this host-as-island metaphor must be examined by explicitly comparing geological and host islands. Here, we critically examine the host-as-island metaphor by evaluating how microbiome variation is shaped by the four metacommunity processes that explain biodiversity on geological islands: local interspecies interactions, local selection, dispersal, and stochasticity. Key differences between host islands and geological islands include the complexity of microbiome transmission networks arising from host mobility and sociality and the capacity of hosts to evolve to control their microbiomes. We conclude with discussions of how eco-evolutionary dynamics differ between geological islands and host islands, and the reciprocal relevance of island biology and microbiome science.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Weapons as building blocks: a dual-function microcin in Acinetobacter. 作为构建模块的武器：不动杆菌中的双功能微霉素。
IF 14.9 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2026.04.004
Matthew T Cabeen
{"title":"Weapons as building blocks: a dual-function microcin in Acinetobacter.","authors":"Matthew T Cabeen","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2026.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2026.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microcins are bacterially produced peptide antimicrobials. In a recent work, Telford et al. discover an Acinetobacter baumannii amyloid-like microcin that is also a structural component of the biofilm matrix. Might cells turn biofilms into 'minefields' to keep competitors from closing in?</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13120721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cognition without brains? Learning and memory in microorganisms. 没有大脑的认知？微生物的学习和记忆。
IF 14.9 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.015
Andreas Messer, Leonardo Oña, Christian Kost
{"title":"Cognition without brains? Learning and memory in microorganisms.","authors":"Andreas Messer, Leonardo Oña, Christian Kost","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Memory and learning are cognitive abilities typically associated with animals that possess a complex nervous system. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that microorganisms might also display learning-like behaviours. However, a factor limiting progress in this field is the lack of shared, microbe-specific frameworks that allow microbiologists to easily compare discoveries with concepts developed in cognitive sciences. In this review, we aim to bridge this gap by providing a conceptual overview of the definitional requirements for memory and learning to classify microbial behaviours and capabilities. Additionally, we identify and address problems that cause conceptual ambiguity in the microbial cognition literature, thereby facilitating more productive debates on the topic. Finally, we provide a novel perspective on how microbes might 'learn' from each other.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chemical dialogues at the crossroads of host-bacteria interactions. 在宿主-细菌相互作用的十字路口的化学对话。
IF 14.9 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.013
Emtinan Diab, Nicola U Thome, Somayah S Elsayed, Jos M Raaijmakers, Gilles P van Wezel
{"title":"Chemical dialogues at the crossroads of host-bacteria interactions.","authors":"Emtinan Diab, Nicola U Thome, Somayah S Elsayed, Jos M Raaijmakers, Gilles P van Wezel","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbiomes are now recognised as the second genome of eukaryotes, providing diverse life-support functions for their hosts. The impact of microbiome members on the growth and health of their hosts is determined by chemical cues from the host that modulate microbial physiology, virulence, and the biosynthesis of specialised metabolites. In this review, we provide a cross-kingdom comparison of the role of human and plant molecules in regulating bacterial gene expression. We highlight specific feedback loops and discuss common mechanisms of bidirectional cueing in human- and plant-associated bacteria. Despite the different taxonomies of human- and plant-associated bacteria, we find striking functional similarities in the chemical dialogues at the crossroads of host-bacteria interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Breathing both ways: simultaneous aerobic-anaerobic respiration in microbes. 两种呼吸方式：微生物同时进行好氧-厌氧呼吸。
IF 14.9 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.010
Leonid Digel, Giulia Ceriotti, Lisa M Keller, Ian P G Marshall, Jasmine S Berg, Eric S Boyd, Kartik Aiyer
{"title":"Breathing both ways: simultaneous aerobic-anaerobic respiration in microbes.","authors":"Leonid Digel, Giulia Ceriotti, Lisa M Keller, Ian P G Marshall, Jasmine S Berg, Eric S Boyd, Kartik Aiyer","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microorganisms have historically been classified as obligate aerobes or anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, or microaerophiles, reflecting differences in respiratory strategies dictated by the use of oxygen and alternative electron acceptors. Recent discoveries provide evidence that a deviant strategy, the concurrent reduction of oxygen and other electron acceptors, is more widespread than previously thought. Such co-respiring bacteria employ hybrid metabolic strategies that extend models of electron acceptor use. In this review, we investigate mechanisms of co-respiration, summarize the biochemical components enabling parallel electron flow, and discuss the regulation of aerobic and anaerobic pathways under changing redox conditions. We also examine the evolutionary context of these strategies during the rise of oxygen on early Earth and outline experimental approaches needed to resolve co-respiration in individual cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interspecies competition promotes antibiotic resistance with diminishing returns. 物种间竞争促进抗生素耐药性，但收益递减。
IF 14.9 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.014
Emma K Sheriff, Ville-Petri Friman
{"title":"Interspecies competition promotes antibiotic resistance with diminishing returns.","authors":"Emma K Sheriff, Ville-Petri Friman","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evolutionary outcomes are affected by multiple complex factors, many of which are omitted from traditional experimental designs. In their recent manuscript, Muzafar et al. demonstrate that interspecies competition drives increased physiological streptomycin resistance in Salmonella enterica through upregulation of the stringent stress response, altering evolutionary trajectories between monoculture and coculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Group A Streptococcus host-pathogen dual crosstalk. A群链球菌宿主-病原体双串扰。
IF 14.9 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.011
Abhinay Sharma, Usha Kantiwal, Aparna Anand, Miriam Ravins, Emanuel Hanski
{"title":"Group A Streptococcus host-pathogen dual crosstalk.","authors":"Abhinay Sharma, Usha Kantiwal, Aparna Anand, Miriam Ravins, Emanuel Hanski","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a central cellular stress pathway increasingly recognized as a target of microbial manipulation. While viral engagement of the UPR is well documented, far less is known about how bacterial pathogens, particularly extracellular ones, exploit this host stress machinery. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is an exquisitely human-adapted pathogen capable of causing asymptomatic colonization as well as severe invasive diseases and provides a compelling example. GAS selectively activates the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) arm of the UPR, driving host asparagine (Asn) biosynthesis. The bacterium then imports this Asn to boost its metabolic activity, growth, and virulence, establishing a direct metabolic link between host ER stress and GAS pathogenicity. This Asn-driven regulatory circuit parallels the ATF4-Asn axis in cancer biology, where stress-induced Asn production supports metabolic adaptation, proliferation, and resistance to therapy. Together, these insights position Asn as a central metabolic signal at the intersection of host stress responses and GAS virulence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fusarium graminearum.
IF 14.9 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2026.01.007
Hariniha Selvarajan, Laura D Los, Matthew G Bakker
{"title":"Fusarium graminearum.","authors":"Hariniha Selvarajan, Laura D Los, Matthew G Bakker","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2026.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2026.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147616706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Micro-scale spatial metagenomics opens a new era in microbiome ecology. 微尺度空间宏基因组学开启了微生物组生态学的新纪元。
IF 14.9 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.005
Sarah Moraïs, Itzhak Mizrahi
{"title":"Micro-scale spatial metagenomics opens a new era in microbiome ecology.","authors":"Sarah Moraïs, Itzhak Mizrahi","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2026.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding microbial communities requires moving beyond 2D representations toward a holistic view that couples 3D spatial organization with ecological function, integrating microbial inventories, genes, expression profiles, and interactions at scales and dimensions in which microbial life unfolds. In this opinion article, we synthesize recent findings and emerging approaches that enable the investigation of microbial interactions within their native 3D context. We propose conceptual frameworks for integrating spatial-functional information into comprehensive ecological maps, providing new avenues to interpret microbial interactions and to test ecological theory in situ. Together, these insights outline a new ecological paradigm for microbiome research and highlight how spatially resolved understanding can be harnessed to interpret and ultimately guide the modulation of microbial interactions and ecosystem function in natural settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147616650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From global to local: rethinking the design of probiotic intervention strategies. 从全球到地方：重新思考益生菌干预策略的设计。
IF 14.9 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2025.11.009
Pascale Vonaesch, Julian R Garneau, Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
{"title":"From global to local: rethinking the design of probiotic intervention strategies.","authors":"Pascale Vonaesch, Julian R Garneau, Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tim.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and influencing disease development, yet its composition varies across geography, age, and lifestyle. These differences challenge the efficacy of universal probiotic treatments and call for more personalized or regionally adapted approaches. In this review we examine the limitations of universal probiotics, emphasizing the importance of considering host-microbe co-adaptation, local dietary practices, and ecological context. We argue that probiotic design must account for microbial diversity, strain-level adaptation, and functional redundancy, and we explore how these factors affect colonization success and therapeutic potential. Finally, we discuss ways to re-center microbiome knowledge within diverse ecological, cultural, and epistemic traditions for a global, inclusive approach allowing for microbiome-targeted therapies that are both effective and accessible.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"390-405"},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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