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Antimicrobial efflux and biofilms: an interplay leading to emergent resistance evolution. 抗菌素外排和生物膜：导致紧急耐药性进化的相互作用。
IF 14 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.012
Silvia Vareschi, Valerie Jaut, Srinivasan Vijay, Rosalind J Allen, Frank Schreiber
{"title":"Antimicrobial efflux and biofilms: an interplay leading to emergent resistance evolution.","authors":"Silvia Vareschi, Valerie Jaut, Srinivasan Vijay, Rosalind J Allen, Frank Schreiber","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biofilm mode of growth and drug efflux are both important factors that impede the treatment of bacterial infections with antimicrobials. Decades of work have uncovered the mechanisms involved in both efflux and biofilm-mediated antimicrobial tolerance, but links between these phenomena have only recently been discovered. Novel findings show how efflux impacts global cellular physiology and antibiotic tolerance, underpinned by phenotypic heterogeneity. In addition efflux can mediate cell-to-cell interactions, relevant in biofilms, via mechanisms including efflux of signaling molecules and metabolites, signaling using pump components and the establishment of local antibiotic gradients via pumping. These recent findings suggest that biofilm antibiotic tolerance and efflux are closely coupled, with synergistic effects leading to the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in the biofilm environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbiology R&D inequity: role of profit, interest, and noise. 微生物学研发不公平：利润、利益和噪音的作用。
IF 14 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.015
Dimie Ogoina
{"title":"Microbiology R&D inequity: role of profit, interest, and noise.","authors":"Dimie Ogoina","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbiology R&D is shaped by profit, interest, and noise, often to the detriment of public health in low-income countries. This article examines these inequities and proposes reforms to balance profit motives with public needs, align global interests with local priorities, and leverage media attention to promote equitable investments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diet-pathobiont interplay in health and inflammatory bowel disease. 饮食-病原体在健康和炎症性肠病中的相互作用。
IF 14 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.003
Héloïse Rytter, Hannah Sturgeon, Benoit Chassaing
{"title":"Diet-pathobiont interplay in health and inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Héloïse Rytter, Hannah Sturgeon, Benoit Chassaing","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host health by participating in various beneficial functions. However, under certain conditions, it can contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other chronic inflammatory conditions. Importantly, not all commensal microbiota members are drivers of inflammation. A specific subset of commensal bacteria, known as pathobionts, can exhibit pathogenic potential under specific circumstances. Their inflammatory potential is modulated by several factors, including the host's genetic background and the surrounding microbiota. Furthermore, diet has emerged as a critical factor influencing the gut microbiota, with some studies highlighting its role in modulating pathobionts. This review will delve into the role played by pathobionts in chronic intestinal inflammation, in both mouse models as well as in humans, with a focus on the interplay between dietary factors and pathobiont members of the intestinal microbiota. Understanding the complex relationships between diet, pathobionts, and chronic inflammation could pave the way for diet-based therapeutic strategies aimed at managing chronic inflammatory conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Growth rates of bacteria in vivo. 细菌在体内的生长速率。
IF 14 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.014
Philip S Stewart
{"title":"Growth rates of bacteria in vivo.","authors":"Philip S Stewart","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A quantitative framework is proposed for analyzing bacterial dynamics at the site of a biofilm infection. A key parameter in this analysis is the bacterial specific growth rate. The literature was surveyed for quantitative measurements of bacterial specific growth rate in vivo in animals or humans, with and without an implant present, and in different stages of infection. These few measurements offer clues, but the chemical microenvironment, physiology, and rates of microbial growth prevailing in vivo remain poorly characterized. New techniques for measuring bacterial growth rates, and for accessing in vivo chemistry and physiology, are becoming available and offer the potential to greatly improve our understanding of bacterial growth and metabolism in vivo. This article issues a call for the application of such techniques in situ and in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Providencia rettgeri. Providencia rettgeri。
IF 14 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.013
Pedro F Vale
{"title":"Providencia rettgeri.","authors":"Pedro F Vale","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plasmid-bacteria associations in the clinical context. 质粒细菌在临床环境中的关联。
IF 14 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.011
Laura Toribio-Celestino, Alvaro San Millan
{"title":"Plasmid-bacteria associations in the clinical context.","authors":"Laura Toribio-Celestino, Alvaro San Millan","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing global health problems, with plasmids playing a central role in its evolution and dissemination. Over the past decades, many studies have investigated the ecoevolutionary dynamics between plasmids and their bacterial hosts. However, what drives the epidemiological success of certain plasmid-bacterium associations remains unclear. In this opinion article, we review which factors influence these associations and underline that studying plasmid-host interactions of clinical relevance is critical for understanding the evolution and spread of AMR. We also highlight the increasing importance of integrating experimental research with bioinformatics and machine learning tools to study plasmid-bacteria dynamics. This combined approach will assist researchers to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying successful plasmid-host associations and to design strategies to prevent and predict future high-risk associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advances in host-directed therapy for tuberculosis and HIV coinfection: enhancing immune responses. 结核病和艾滋病毒合并感染的宿主定向治疗进展：增强免疫反应。
IF 14 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.006
Preena Prasanna, Bianca Herrera, Larry S Schlesinger, Mirko Paiardini, Riti Sharan
{"title":"Advances in host-directed therapy for tuberculosis and HIV coinfection: enhancing immune responses.","authors":"Preena Prasanna, Bianca Herrera, Larry S Schlesinger, Mirko Paiardini, Riti Sharan","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV coinfection present a significant global health challenge worldwide. While most individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have clinically asymptomatic latent TB infection (LTBI), those with immunosuppressive conditions, such as HIV, are at higher risk for reactivation and disseminated TB. HIV exacerbates TB progression by impairing immune responses, particularly through the depletion of Mtb-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and chronic immune activation. Despite the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in managing HIV, it does not eliminate the risk of LTBI reactivation, highlighting the need for additional therapeutic strategies. Host-directed therapy (HDT) has emerged as a promising adjunct to current treatments. HDTs aim to restore immune function and counteract immune dysregulation caused by HIV, including T cell exhaustion and inflammation. This review explores key HDTs, including cytokine therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, which target Mtb-infected cells, enhance immune responses, and mitigate inflammation. By complementing cART and anti-TB therapy, HDTs could improve clinical outcomes by enhancing immune function, reducing inflammation, and preventing Mtb reactivation, offering hope for better management of TB/HIV coinfection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physiological drivers of pks+ E. coli in colorectal cancer. pks+大肠杆菌在结直肠癌中的生理驱动因素。
IF 14 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.010
Maude Jans, Lars Vereecke
{"title":"Physiological drivers of pks+ E. coli in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Maude Jans, Lars Vereecke","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health challenge, with rising incidence, particularly among individuals under 50. Increasing evidence highlights the gut microbiota as key contributors to CRC development, with certain oncogenic bacteria influencing cancer initiation, progression, and therapy response. Among these is pks+ Escherichia coli, which produces colibactin, a genotoxic compound that induces DNA damage and leaves a distinct mutational signature in healthy individuals and CRC patients. While research has focused on its genotoxic effects, this review examines the kinetics of colibactin-induced mutations and the epithelial and environmental changes that promote E. coli expansion and colibactin exposure. We also explore the broader role of pks+ E. coli in cancer initiation and progression beyond genotoxicity, and discuss potential therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cutting-edge tools for structural biology: bringing AlphaFold to the people. 结构生物学的尖端工具：将AlphaFold带给人们。
IF 14 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2025.03.014
Christoph Elfmann, Jörg Stülke
{"title":"Cutting-edge tools for structural biology: bringing AlphaFold to the people.","authors":"Christoph Elfmann, Jörg Stülke","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2025.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent application of artificial intelligence-based prediction of protein and protein complex structures by AlphaFold has revolutionized biology. Here, we give an overview of the tools that make this revolution accessible to experimental microbiologists without training in bioinformatics or sophisticated computer equipment, and show how this helps to gain new insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Symbiotic bacteria and pest control: plant toxins, chemical pesticides, and fungal entomopathogens. 共生细菌和害虫控制：植物毒素，化学农药，真菌昆虫病原体。
IF 14 1区 生物学
Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.007
Joshua A Thia, Ashritha P S Dorai, Ary A Hoffmann
{"title":"Symbiotic bacteria and pest control: plant toxins, chemical pesticides, and fungal entomopathogens.","authors":"Joshua A Thia, Ashritha P S Dorai, Ary A Hoffmann","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial symbionts in pests are being increasingly investigated to assess their potential uses for sustainable control approaches. We undertook a review and analysis of the impacts of endosymbionts and gut symbionts on responses to toxins from plants and pesticides, and to attack by fungal entomopathogens. Despite methodological issues affecting estimates of effect sizes, there is evidence for symbionts increasing resistance to all three agents. However, impacts can be small, and for pesticides, these may not reach levels required for resistance at field rates. Negative or neutral effects may be underreported. Further complications arise because host genotype and the environment impact symbiont effects. We anticipate rapid progress in this area over coming years that should clarify practical implications of these effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23275,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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