Transfusion最新文献

{"title":"Estimating the incidence of transfusion-associated circulatory overload using active surveillance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sandra K White, Brandon S Walker, Scott Potter, David Anderson, Ryan A Metcalf","doi":"10.1111/trf.18258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.18258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) is an adverse event that is the leading cause of transfusion-related death. It is underrecognized, and the aim of this study was to synthesize the available evidence from active surveillance studies to estimate its incidence.</p><p><strong>Study design and methods: </strong>This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of publications reporting TACO incidence using active surveillance. A research librarian searched Medline and Embase, identifying publications between January 1991 and June 2024. Studies reporting TACO either by patient, blood component (red blood cells [RBCs], platelets, or plasma) or transfusion episode were identified, and all patient settings were eligible. A random effects model estimated TACO incidence, and potential sources of heterogeneity were evaluated using meta-regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two studies met eligibility criteria and were included for analysis. The rate per patient was 22.2/1000 (95% CI: 16.2-29.2) based on 21 studies. The rate estimate of TACO among total blood components (RBCs, plasma, and platelets combined) reported in 10 studies was 2.2/1000 units transfused (95% CI: 1.2-3.5/1000). There was substantial between-study variation in rates and more recent studies tended to report higher rates. Although the platelet point estimate was higher than the point estimates for RBCs and plasma, the confidence intervals overlapped. Only two studies reported TACO rates per transfusion episode and the pooled estimate was 6.3/1000 (95% CI: 1-16.3/1000), about three times greater than the overall per unit estimate.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Clinicians should consider quantitative risks of important transfusion-related harms, such as TACO, when making the decision to transfuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":23266,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of a whole blood immunoassay for tenofovir detection and correlation with self-reported pre-exposure prophylaxis use in HIV-negative men who have sex with men interested in blood donation.","authors":"Renata Buccheri, Barbee Whitaker, Lance M Pollack, Jahnavi Reddy Bhaskar, Clara Di Germanio, Geraldine Guillon, Richard Haaland, Susan L Stramer, Rita Reik, Suchitra Pandey, Mars Stone, Steven A Anderson, Peter Marks, Brian Custer","doi":"10.1111/trf.18275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.18275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2023, the United States Food and Drug Administration revised its blood donor eligibility policy for men who have sex with men (MSM) from a 3-month deferral to individual assessment. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use remains a reason for deferral, and nondisclosure is a concern.</p><p><strong>Study design and methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study of sexually active MSM from 8 U.S. cities who were interested in future blood donation, we assessed the performance of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting tenofovir (TFV) in whole blood (WB) and plasma and the correlation with self-reported PrEP use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1548 individuals, 48% reported oral PrEP use. The WB assay identified 95% of PrEP users, while the plasma assay detected 88%. The WB assay performed well up to 14 days after the last reported dose. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95-0.97) using WB and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.86-0.90) using plasma. Specificity was 80% for WB and 66% for plasma. Detection rates for TFV disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (FTC) formulations were 99% in WB and 98% in plasma, compared to 93% and 86% for the TFV alafenamide/FTC formulation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>High concordance between self-reported oral PrEP use and TFV detection was observed among PrEP users, suggesting the potential utility of WB as a biomatrix for TFV detection to support screening strategies. Given the expanded eligibility for MSM, who may be PrEP users, to donate blood, further examination of undisclosed PrEP use is important.</p>","PeriodicalId":23266,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the quality of X-ray irradiated deglycerolized red blood cells stored in saline-adenosine-glucose-mannitol additive solution.","authors":"Kelly M Winter, Rachel G Webb, Eugenia Mazur, Peta M Dennington, Kobie von Wielligh, Denese C Marks","doi":"10.1111/trf.18274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.18274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rare phenotype red blood cells (RBCs) are routinely cryopreserved and stored at -80°C for over 10 years. Upon thawing and deglycerolization, RBCs resuspended in saline-adenosine-glucose-mannitol (SAGM) have a limited 24-h shelf-life. There is a lack of international consensus as to whether irradiation of deglycerolized RBCs is necessary for patients at risk of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of X-ray irradiated deglycerolized RBCs resuspended in SAGM.</p><p><strong>Study design and methods: </strong>Matched RBC components (n = 21 pairs) were glycerolized with 40% glycerol, frozen at -80°C, deglycerolized using an ACP-215 cell washer, and resuspended in SAGM. One of each pair was X-ray irradiated post-deglycerolization, while the other remained untreated (control). RBCs were sampled pre-freeze and immediately, 24-, 48-, and 72-h post-irradiation. Quality indicators including RBC indices, metabolic, and biochemical parameters were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences between X-irradiated and control groups for volume, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, or supernatant Hb immediately post-thaw. Hemolysis was higher in X-irradiated deglycerolized RBCs (0.35 ± 0.14%) than controls (0.32 ± 0.05%) after 24-h (p = 0.077). Potassium (K⁺) release was significantly higher in X-irradiated RBCs compared to controls after 24-h (6.26 ± 0.95 mmol/unit vs. 3.21 ± 1.01 mmol/unit respectively; p < .001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>X-irradiation had a significant effect on K⁺ release from deglycerolized RBCs during storage, and to a lesser extent, hemolysis. The K⁺ and hemolysis levels at 24 h post-irradiation were acceptable, as were the other quality parameters, indicating that X-irradiation of these components is feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":23266,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfusion quantities associated with 24-h mortality in trauma patients.","authors":"Mary L Wallace, Ryan A Kingrey, Julie A Rizzo, Michael D April, Andrew D Fisher, Maxwell A Braverman, Mark H Yazer, Steven G Schauer","doi":"10.1111/trf.18172","DOIUrl":"10.1111/trf.18172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Data on the correlation between transfusion volumes and trauma mortality are limited. The association between the total number of red blood cell (RBC) and low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) units, as well as the total volume of all transfused products that were administered up to 4-h after admission and 24-h mortality was determined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) datasets from 2020 to 2022 were reviewed to identify patients aged ≥15 who received any volume of blood products. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were constructed along with the calculated area under the ROC curve (AUROC) to determine the association between the quantity of transfusion and 24-h mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 144,379 encounters that met inclusion, with 22,467 patients who died within the first 24 h. There was a 90% probability of 24-h mortality following the transfusion of 56 RBC/LTOWB units (AUROC 0.673), with the 90% specificity, Youden's index, and 90% sensitivity surrounding this probability occurring after the transfusion of 8, 4, and 2 units, respectively. In terms of the volume of transfusion, there was a 90% probability of 24-h mortality following the transfusion of 36,000 mL of all blood products combined (AUROC 0.662), with the 90% specificity, Youden's index, and 90% sensitivity surrounding this probability occurring after the transfusion of 4400, 2000, and 500 mL, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both the total number of RBC and LTOWB units transfused and the total volume of all blood products transfused demonstrated poor predictive association with the risk of 24-h mortality in the civilian trauma population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23266,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion","volume":" ","pages":"S40-S47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of an anti-D-alloimmunization kinetics model to correct the interval censored D-alloimmunization rate following red blood cell transfusions.","authors":"Emil Ainsworth Jochumsen, Kathleen Selleng, Jay S Raval, Carolina Bonet Bub, Jose M Kutner, Ulrik Sprogøe, Mark H Yazer","doi":"10.1111/trf.18138","DOIUrl":"10.1111/trf.18138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The rate of D-alloimmunization amongst RhD-negative recipients of RhD-positive red blood cell (RBC) transfusions is not certain. Recipients with a short duration between the index RhD-positive transfusion and the last antibody detection test that did not show anti-D might become D-alloimmunized in the future. A regression model was developed to predict how often such patients might develop D-alloimmunization in the future to help account for the immunohematological uncertainty that accompanies having short serological follow up periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the published literature on recipients who were intentionally transfused with RhD-positive RBCs and serially followed with antibody screens, as well as unpublished datasets, a regression model was constructed to demonstrate the timing of D-alloimmunization for recipients who became D-alloimmunized within 6 months following the index transfusion. The model was then applied to a series of RhD-negative hospitalized recipients of at least one unit of RhD-positive RBCs who did not become D-alloimmunized but who had fewer than 6 months of serological follow up to weight their contribution to the D-alloimmunization rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the rate of D-alloimmunization was 21/105 (20.0%). There were 39 patients whose last documented antibody screen was performed between 14 days and 6 months after the index RhD-positive transfusion, and these patients were entered into the weighted model. After applying the model, the D-alloimmunization rate rose to 26.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using a weighted model can help reduce the immunohematological uncertainty that accompanies the inclusion of patients with relatively short serological follow up in studies of RBC alloimmunization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23266,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion","volume":" ","pages":"S304-S312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An in silico simulation of the frequency of administering HLA-incompatible low titer group O whole blood units when the donor pool includes unscreened female donors.","authors":"Mark H Yazer, Samantha Ngamsuntikul, Manish Gandhi, Torunn Apelseth, Audra Taylor, Jansen N Seheult","doi":"10.1111/trf.18141","DOIUrl":"10.1111/trf.18141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) increases in popularity, blood centers are finding innovative ways of maintaining the supply. One potential way is collecting LTOWB from parous female donors without testing for HLA antibodies. This in silico simulation predicted the risk of an LTOWB unit containing an HLA antibody and the subsequent risk for an HLA-incompatible transfusion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An LTOWB blood bank with 1 million units was simulated consisting of male, nulliparous, and parous female donors. The proportion of each donor type was modeled after the sex distribution at US blood centers. The parity of female donors was calculated based on the average number of live births per female depending on her age. HLA-alloimmunization risk was determined by her parity status. The HLA haplotypes of the simulated recipients were derived from the 100 most common HLA haplotypes in the US National Marrow Registry Program database. The proportion of different race/ethnic groups in the US was used to simulate 100,000 LTOWB recipients to whom between 1 and 10 units were administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the risk of an LTOWB unit containing at least one HLA antibody was 12.2% and the rate of receiving an HLA-incompatible unit was 21.3%. The risk of receiving an HLA-incompatible unit rose from 4.8% after receipt of one unit to 36.5% after 10 units.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Blood collectors and hospitals should evaluate the potential TRALI risk against the benefit of a potentially expanded inventory of LTOWB before collecting plasma-containing products from non-HLA-tested parous female donors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23266,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion","volume":" ","pages":"S227-S236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storage of whole blood in the plasma bag of an ordinary blood component collection set as an emergency preparedness measure.","authors":"Svein Sondre Valvik Lindgaard, Hanne Braathen, Joar Sivertsen, Torunn Oveland Apelseth","doi":"10.1111/trf.18182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.18182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Demand for whole blood (WB) transfusions can increase dramatically during a disaster, but it is difficult to predict the need for blood products in the early phase of an event. Generally, blood services have large stocks of blood component collection sets but lack bags for the collection of WB for transfusion. While the collection bag in conventional blood component sets often lacks transfusion ports and cannot be used for WB transfusion, the plasma bags in these same sets have transfusion ports and are without filters or additives. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of transfer to and storage of WB in plasma bags from blood component collection sets.</p><p><strong>Study design and methods: </strong>Blood was collected in 10 Reveos (REV) and 10 Macopharma (MP) blood bag systems. Samples were taken from the units on days 1, 14, 21, 28, and 35 after donation. At each sample point, hematological, metabolic, and coagulation parameters were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All results from both groups were in accordance with European regulatory requirements until Day 28, where three and one bags from the REV and MP groups, respectively, exhibited hemolysis at or above the 0.8% threshold. By day 35, this rose to seven and three bags, respectively. Platelet count, coagulation function, and factor VIII levels decreased but remained detectable throughout storage.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We conclude that storage of WB in the plasma bag of an ordinary blood component collection set as an emergency preparedness measure can maintain quality for a minimum of 21 days.</p>","PeriodicalId":23266,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion","volume":"65 Suppl 1 ","pages":"S212-S218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women receive less LTOWB than men. Why? Does it matter?","authors":"Lucy Z Kornblith, Andrew P Cap","doi":"10.1111/trf.18251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.18251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23266,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion","volume":"65 Suppl 1 ","pages":"S4-S5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide trends in prehospital blood product use after injury 2020-2023.","authors":"Christine Carico, Chandler Annesi, N Clay Mann, Matthew J Levy, Pawan Acharya, Timothy Hurson, Daniel Lammers, Jan O Jansen, Jeffrey D Kerby, John B Holcomb, Zain G Hashmi","doi":"10.1111/trf.18221","DOIUrl":"10.1111/trf.18221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prehospital blood transfusion improves survival after injury. Understanding potential demand for and usage of prehospital blood transfusion is important to help improve supply and utilization of this prehospital intervention. The primary objective of this study is to describe potential current demand for prehospital blood product in adults after blunt and penetrating injury from 2020 to 2023. We also estimate the extent to which this potential demand is being met.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients ≥16 years with blunt/penetrating injuries included in the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) from 2020 to 2023 were identified. Patients were classified into Cohort 1 (systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90 and heart rate (HR) >108 or SBP <70) and Cohort 2 (shock index ≥1), and total numbers in each cohort were reported. Additionally, the number and percentage of patients who were potentially eligible for and who received prehospital blood transfusion were calculated and trended over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After exclusions, 20.4 million trauma patients were included. A total of 262,761 Cohort 1 patients and 1,227,556 Cohort 2 patients were potentially eligible for transfusion. Estimated demand for blood transfusion increased from 2020 to 2023 (p < 0.001) in both cohorts. Cohort 1 had the highest estimated proportion of patients (0.9%, n = 2,289) who received transfusion, demonstrating that few potentially eligible adult trauma patients received blood product.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Altogether, 1.2 million hemodynamically unstable trauma patients were potentially eligible for prehospital blood transfusion after injury during 2020-2023, yet less than 1% received this intervention. These data underscore the need to evaluate and resolve barriers to wider use of prehospital blood transfusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23266,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion","volume":" ","pages":"S30-S39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The simplest solution may be good, but is it good enough? Evaluating the effect of a nudge to administer calcium during blood product resuscitation for traumatic injuries.","authors":"Daniela Schmulevich, Sarah M Joergensen, Alea I Zone, Kathleen E Bishop, Andrea P Morlok, Theresa A Colyar, Alyson D Hinkle, Rinad S Beidas, M Kit Delgado, Jeremy W Cannon","doi":"10.1111/trf.18180","DOIUrl":"10.1111/trf.18180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypocalcemia following severe injury is common. Current institution-specific guidelines recommend calcium (Ca⁺⁺) supplementation during blood product resuscitation. We hypothesize that a nudge intervention would improve clinician adherence to Ca⁺⁺-specific guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study at an urban Level I trauma center evaluated compliance with Ca⁺⁺-specific guidelines during trauma resuscitations. A baseline assessment of guideline awareness preceded four-month pre-intervention and four-month post-intervention periods from July 2021 to February 2022. Nudge signs prompting clinicians to administer Ca⁺⁺ were placed throughout all phases of care. Administration of ≥1 dose of Ca⁺⁺ after four blood products was the primary endpoint. Aggregate ionized calcium (iCa⁺⁺) levels and percent time within a normal iCa⁺⁺ range were secondary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline assessment of n = 41 trauma team members indicated 83% were uncertain or unaware of current Ca⁺⁺ recommendations. Of 86 screened patients, 25 met inclusion criteria. These were median ([IQR] 34 [25-43]) years old with an Injury Severity Score of 18 [14-26] and 84% penetrating injuries with n = 11 pre-intervention and n = 14 post-intervention. The absolute difference (95% CI) in Ca⁺⁺ guideline adherence post-intervention compared to pre-intervention was 6.5% (-11.9% to 24.9%, p = 0.755). In aggregate, iCa⁺⁺ levels were no different between groups, although the distribution of levels post-intervention trended toward the normal range with less extreme hypocalcemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Signs prompting clinicians to give Ca⁺⁺ were associated with a modest, non-statistically significant increase in adherence to institution-specific guidelines and a slight shift in the distribution of iCa⁺⁺ values toward normal. Future work to optimize resuscitation should evaluate larger cohorts of acutely injured patients and more potent nudges.</p>","PeriodicalId":23266,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion","volume":" ","pages":"S113-S122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}