Tobacco Induced Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Ascertaining the association between smoking behaviors and viral hepatitis risk: A Mendelian randomization approach.","authors":"Birong Lin, Huaxi Ma, Yan Lin, Ting Lin, Xiao Han, Minghua Lin, Haibing Gao","doi":"10.18332/tid/204511","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/204511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Viral hepatitis, caused by various hepatitis viruses, is a global health threat leading to chronic liver disease, hepatic cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Smoking, a known risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. However, understanding the relationship between smoking and viral hepatitis is complex due to the presence of confounding factors and the potential for reverse associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the potential association between smoking behavior and viral hepatitis. In this study, SNPs were utilized as instrumental variables in a Mendelian randomization framework to examine the relationship between smoking behavior and viral hepatitis risk. To ensure the accuracy of the experiment, our data were sourced from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and analyzed using a series of methods, such as inverse variance weighting (IVW) and leave-one-out analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MR analysis revealed significant positive associations between SNPs related to smoking initiation, status, and cessation, and the risk of viral hepatitis. The IVW method demonstrated a consistent rightward shift of the effect estimates, indicating a potential increase in viral hepatitis risk associated with smoking exposure. Smoking initiation, status, and cessation were associated with increased odds of viral hepatitis by 2.17-fold (95% CI: 1.45-3.24, p=0.00015), 2.93-fold (95% CI: 1.58-5.41, p=0.00061), and 5.30-fold (95% CI: 2.05-13.70, p=0.00057), respectively. The leave-one-out analysis further validated the robustness of our model, with minor SNP-specific deviations observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study presents strong associations between smoking behavior and an elevated risk of viral hepatitis, highlighting the need for further investigation into this potential connection. These findings underscore the importance of smoking cessation in liver disease management and inform public health strategies aimed at reducing the burden of viral hepatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12305554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current marijuana use is associated with lower circulating α-Klotho levels in US adults even after adjusting for tobacco use: A national cross-sectional analysis of NHANES.","authors":"Kai Wei, Xiaotong Chen","doi":"10.18332/tid/208001","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/208001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>α-Klotho is a circulating protein linked to longevity and healthy aging. While tobacco use is known to reduce α-Klotho levels, the effects of marijuana use on this aging-related biomarker remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between marijuana use and serum α-Klotho levels in a nationally representative sample of US adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a secondary analysis of publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016, including 6601 adults aged 40-59 years with available serum α-Klotho levels and complete substance use data. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the association between marijuana use and α-Klotho levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current marijuana use was significantly associated with lower serum α-Klotho levels compared to never use (β= -0.084; 95% CI: -0.126 - -0.041), independent of tobacco and illicit drug use. In the combined exposure model, those using both marijuana and tobacco exhibited the greatest reduction in α-Klotho (β= -0.112; 95% CI: -0.162 - -0.062). The inverse association persisted across most subgroups, including both current smokers (β= -0.078; 95% CI: -0.134 - -0.021) and non-smokers (β= -0.087; 95% CI: -0.151 - -0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Marijuana use was independently associated with lower circulating α-Klotho levels, suggesting a potential link between cannabis exposure and accelerated biological aging, even after adjusting for tobacco use. These findings highlight the need for further longitudinal studies to investigate the long-term impact of marijuana and tobacco use on systemic aging processes and health effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12292049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and perceptions of nicotine, smoking cessation and electronic nicotine delivery systems among physicians and pharmacists in a Swiss hospital group.","authors":"Samuel E Christen, Elisabetta Scanniello, Felix Hammann, Carla Meyer-Massetti, Reto Auer, Jean-François Etter, Evangelia Liakoni","doi":"10.18332/tid/204839","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/204839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the important role that healthcare professionals play in smoking cessation strategies, recent reports from several countries show misperceptions about nicotine, pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation and novel nicotine products, but little is known about such knowledge gaps among healthcare professionals in Switzerland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved a cross-sectional anonymous survey. Physicians and pharmacists from a large hospital group in Switzerland were invited in 2023 by e-mail to participate. The survey covered nicotine, smoking cessation, and knowledge of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2035 healthcare professionals contacted, 279 responded to the survey (14%). Fifty-three percent of participants identified as women, 69% were in the age group of ≤40 years, 77% were never smokers, and 85% saw patients daily. The majority (76%) agreed that nicotine is the main substance in tobacco responsible for addiction, while 73% and 69% disagreed that nicotine on its own causes cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respectively. Most participants (n=128; 63%) opposed the recommendation of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid, although e-cigarettes were considered less harmful than combustible cigarettes, both for users and bystanders. Nevertheless, 64% considered them to be equally or more problematic for public health than tobacco cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This survey highlights knowledge gaps and misperceptions about nicotine and smoking cessation products among healthcare professionals in a large hospital group in Switzerland. Respondents appeared to have a relative accurate understanding regarding most of the direct effects of nicotine. However, uncertainties were noted in relation to newer products such as e-cigarettes. Future research should extend to other healthcare professionals and assess the impact of targeted training on knowledge and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12288835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood cigarette smoking is associated with health-related quality of life in older US adults.","authors":"Jenny E Ozga, James D Sargent, Alexander W Steinberg, Zhiqun Tang, Cassandra A Stanton, Laura M Paulin","doi":"10.18332/tid/204009","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/204009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Childhood smoking onset is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), independent of current smoking and smoking history. Its association with lower quality of life has not been tested. We examined the association between childhood smoking and measures of global health among older US adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved a cross-sectional survey of US adults ≥40 years (n=7056) from Wave 5 (2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Ever smokers were asked when they began smoking regularly. Weighted multivariable analysis assessed onset of regular smoking at age of <15 years as a risk factor for lower Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Physical and Mental Health (GPH and GMH) scores, adjusting for current smoking, smoking intensity, cigarette pack-years, secondhand smoke exposure, and other covariates. Sensitivity analysis added smoking-related disease comorbidities (e.g. COPD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sociodemographics were reflective of the US population aged ≥40 years, with 6.8% reporting childhood smoking and 16.9% current smoking. Mean (SD) for GPH and GMH were 14.8 (3.1) and 14.5 (3.8), respectively. In the multivariable analysis, compared to onset smoking at an older childhood age, GPH and GMH were significantly lower for those with early onset of smoking (-4.27%; 95% CI: -6.52 - -1.97 and -3.34%; 95% CI: -6.08 - -0.52; respectively). Global health was also negatively associated with current smoking, higher pack-years, and secondhand smoke exposure. The association between childhood smoking and GPH (but not GMH) remained significant after further adjustment for disease mediators.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Childhood smoking was independently associated with lower quality of life among adults aged ≥40 years. Adverse effects of smoking on development during adolescence may have implications that extend beyond associations with chronic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum cotinine and learning disability in children aged 4-15 years: A secondary data analysis from the NHANES dataset.","authors":"Baomei He, Shengli Hu, Jingjing Jin, Yuanyuan Dai","doi":"10.18332/tid/205840","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/205840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While prior studies suggest links between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and developmental impairment, evidence linking objective biomarkers of SHS exposure to learning disability (LD) in children remains limited. This study investigates the association between serum cotinine - a validated biomarker of SHS exposure - and the higher likelihood of LD in US children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis utilized cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002, including 2573 children aged 4-15 years. Multivariable logistic regression models were implemented to evaluate the association between serum cotinine and parent-reported LD diagnoses. The dose-dependent relationship between cotinine and LD was analyzed using smooth curve fitting. Subgroup analyses were evaluated to assess robustness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that each unit increase in log-transformed cotinine was associated with a 1.81-fold increase in the odds of LD (AOR=1.81; 95% CI: 1.21-2.70, p<0.01). Children in the highest cotinine quartile exhibited 2.38-fold higher odds of LD compared to those in the lowest quartile (AOR=2.38; 95% CI: 1.23-4.58, p=0.01). Dose-response analysis revealed a linear relationship between log cotinine and LD (p for nonlinearity=0.20). Subgroup analyses further confirmed the stability of these results (p for interaction >0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate a significant association between serum cotinine and an increased likelihood of LD in US children. The dose-dependent and linear nature of this relationship advocate for stricter smoke-free policies and targeted educational campaigns to reduce potential neurodevelopmental harms in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco smoking in a high-IQ society in Indonesia.","authors":"Teuku Muhammad Haykal Putra, Reynold Siburian, Syahniar Mukmina, Natalia Wardhani, Faris Ervandi Alam, Wittawat Wattanasiriporn, Haris Munirwan","doi":"10.18332/tid/205841","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/205841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Individuals with higher intelligence are often believed to be more aware of the health risks associated with smoking and more inclined to adopt healthier lifestyles. This study investigates the prevalence of smoking among high-IQ individuals in Indonesia, providing insights that could inform targeted health interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a population with high IQ. An online-based survey form was distributed to all active members of the Mensa high-IQ society in Indonesia over a three-month period (October to December 2024). The survey form collected sociodemographic data and queried participants about their smoking status and related details. The primary outcome of interest was the smoking habits of the subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 102 respondents aged ≥18 years participated in the study, which involved 73 men (71.6%) and 29 women (28.4%), with a mean age of 33.8 ± 10.2 years. The overall smoking prevalence among high-IQ individuals in Indonesia was 10.8%, with 12.3% of men and 6.9% of women currently smoking. Additionally, 9.8% were former smokers, leading to a total current or past smoking rate of 20.6%. This number is dramatically lower than the national smoking prevalence, which currently stands at around 40.3%. Although various sociodemographic factors were assessed, none showed a statistically significant association with smoking status in this population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of tobacco smoking among high-IQ individuals in Indonesia is 10.8% which is significantly lower than the national average. Although no statistically significant associations were found between sociodemographic variables and smoking status, smokers tended to have a family member who smoked, and individuals with higher annual incomes were less likely to smoke.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol dependence trajectories and smoking cessation among Korean men who smoke: A secondary data analysis from the Korean longitudinal study of aging dataset.","authors":"Minjung Han, Heewon Kang, Hae-Ryoung Chun, Sung-Il Cho","doi":"10.18332/tid/205795","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/205795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alcohol dependence may hinder smoking cessation, yet few studies have examined how long-term patterns of alcohol use influence quit outcomes. This study assessed how alcohol dependence trajectories affect smoking cessation among Korean men who smoke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a secondary analysis using waves 1-7 (2006-2018) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) identified alcohol dependence trajectories among 2356 men aged ≥45 years who participated in at least three consecutive waves. Multinomial logistic regression (n=1959) was used to assess predictors of trajectory class membership, and Cox proportional hazards models (n=1122) were used to evaluate the association between class membership and smoking cessation. Statistical significance was set at a two-sided p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three alcohol dependence trajectories were identified: stable low (80.7%), decreasing (14.3%), and increasing (5.0%). Participants in the decreasing (adjusted hazard ratio, AHR=0.77; 95% CI: 0.63-0.95) and increasing (AHR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.42-0.86) groups were less likely to quit smoking than the stable low group. Multinomial regression showed that, compared to non-smokers, both former smokers (AOR=1.83; 95% CI: 1.24-2.70) and current smokers (AOR=2.23; 95% CI: 1.60-3.09) were associated with higher odds of belonging to the decreasing trajectory. Only current smoking was significantly associated with the increasing trajectory (AOR=2.28; 95% CI: 1.36-3.84). In stratified analyses, the inverse association between increasing trajectory and quitting was significant only in those aged 45-54 years. Sensitivity analyses using weighted and complete-case data confirmed the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alcohol dependence trajectories were significantly associated with smoking cessation outcomes, especially among younger individuals. Smoking status was also a significant predictor of trajectory class membership, with current smokers more likely to belong to the increasing trajectory. Integrated interventions addressing both behaviors may improve cessation outcomes in high-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework for researching the waterpipe tobacco business sector in the United States.","authors":"Seyed Mehrdad Mohammadi, Pamela Ling, Dorie E Apollonio, Stella Bialous","doi":"10.18332/tid/204790","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/204790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The waterpipe tobacco sector is a fragmented and multifaceted part of the tobacco industry, including shisha tobacco, hookah devices, and the hospitality industry. Information on this sector's business structure and its actors is limited. This study aims to develop a framework for understanding the scope, business entities, and key actors in the waterpipe sector in the United States that can facilitate research and public health interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We first identified a sample of 87 waterpipe-related business entities through internet searches and business intelligence reports provided by marketing research companies. Using grounded theory, we then identified key business components and themes within the waterpipe sector, which we iteratively refined through successive rounds of analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified and defined eight domains in the waterpipe tobacco sector: 1) waterpipe tobacco growers, 2) shisha tobacco manufacturers, 3) hookah device and accessories manufacturers, 4) waterpipe charcoal manufacturers, 5) shisha/hookah/charcoal resellers or retailers, 6) waterpipe tobacco service providers and the hospitality sector, 7) waterpipe tobacco networks and trade associations, and 8) aggregated sales. Within these 8 domains, 46 fields of information were identified to construct a detailed information grid for the waterpipe tobacco sector.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This comprehensive framework and information grid offer a reference base for research, monitoring, and understanding of the waterpipe tobacco sector. Additionally, it can support efforts to improve regulation of the sector in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflicts of interest and the role of governments in tobacco control.","authors":"Pablo Campins Bover, Laurent Huber, Laura Salgado, Chris Bostic","doi":"10.18332/tid/205797","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/205797","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional and gender disparities in tobacco-related esophageal cancer: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease study 1990-2021.","authors":"Jinlong Chen, Zihan Qin, Xiaoxue Wang, Wei Jiang, Rui Gong, Xinyuan Liu, Kaiqi Yang, Peng Li, Shutian Zhang, Xiujing Sun, Jiugang Song","doi":"10.18332/tid/205670","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/205670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco-related esophageal cancer (TREC) is a major public health concern, with incidence and mortality rates rising globally. This study aims to analyze worldwide epidemiological data on TREC, examining its disease burden and temporal trends across regions, sexes, and age groups, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of targeted prevention policies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary dataset analysis utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study to examine the epidemiological features of TREC, focusing on mortality rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and other key indicators across regions and genders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, global deaths due to TREC increased from 143332.8 to 219185.3, while the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) decreased from 3.6 to 2.5 per 100000 persons. The rise in TREC burden was primarily attributed to relative contributions from population growth (154.62%) and aging (39.75%). DALYs associated with TREC rose from 3844095.6 to 5136277, with a notable decline in age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) from 93.3 to 58.5 per 100000 persons. Significant regional and gender disparities were observed, with males experiencing a higher burden. Notably, China and India exhibited the most concerning epidemiological trends.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions to address the rising burden of TREC, particularly in regions with high smoking rates. While population growth and aging are key contributors, improvements in public health policies have the potential to mitigate the TREC burden in certain areas. Further research is necessary to explore additional factors influencing TREC epidemiology and to quantify the observed regional and gender differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12278272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}