Tobacco Induced Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Risk of all-cause mortality by various cigarette smoking indices: A longitudinal study using the Korea National Health Examination Baseline Cohort in South Korea.","authors":"Heewon Kang, Eunsil Cheon, Jieun Hwang, Suyoung Jo, Kyoungin Na, Seong Yong Park, Sung-Il Cho","doi":"10.18332/tid/199670","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/199670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking behaviors can be quantified using various indices. Previous studies have shown that these indices measure and predict health risks differently. Additionally, the choice of measure differs depending on the health outcome of interest. We compared how each smoking index predicted all-cause mortality and assessed the goodness-of-fit of each model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based retrospective cohort, the Korea National Health Examination Baseline Cohort, was used (N=6001607). Data from 2009 were utilized, and the participants were followed until 2021. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed among all participants and ever smokers, respectively, to estimate all-cause mortality. Model fit was assessed by the Akaike Information Criterion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For men, smoking intensity showed the strongest effect size (hazard ratio HR=1.16; 95% CI: 1.14-1.18), while pack-years provided the best model fit for all-cause mortality. Among women, smoking intensity showed both the strongest effect size (HR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.28-1.74) and the best model fit. Smoking status (never/former/current) also showed comparable effect sizes (men, HR=1.14; 95% CI: 1.13-1.15; women, HR=1.14; 95% CI: 1.11- 1.18) with fair model fit. Analyses of people who ever smoked indicated that a model incorporating smoking status, duration, and intensity best described the mortality data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The smoking indices showed varying effect sizes and model fits by sex, making it challenging to recommend a single optimal measure. Smoking intensity may be preferred for capturing cumulative exposure, whereas smoking status is notable for its simplicity, comparable effect size, and model fit. Further research that includes biochemical measurements, additional health outcomes, and longer follow-up periods is needed to refine these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence update on the cancer risk of vaping e-cigarettes: A systematic review.","authors":"Anasua Kundu, Kyran Sachdeva, Anna Feore, Sherald Sanchez, Megan Sutton, Siddharth Seth, Robert Schwartz, Michael Chaiton","doi":"10.18332/tid/192934","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/192934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is substantial interest in the association of vaping e-cigarettes with the risk of cancer. We analyzed this risk in different populations by updating the Kings College London (KCL) review to include the period between July 2021 and December 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched six databases and included peer-reviewed human, animal, and cell/<i>in vitro</i> original studies examining the association between e-cigarettes and cancer risk, but we excluded qualitative studies. We summarized findings on three types of e-cigarette exposure: acute, short- to medium-term, and long-term. Additionally, we assessed whether the health effects differ between subgroup populations based on various sociodemographic factors, for which we also screened the previously included studies in the KCL review. Different risk-of-bias tools were used to assess the quality of the included human studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 39 studies in the main analysis and 12 in the subgroup analysis. Of these, 2 were longitudinal observational studies, 9 were cross-sectional studies, 1 case report and 27 were cell/<i>in vitro</i> and animal studies. All human studies were conducted in adults, and about half of them had a low risk of bias. No significant incident or prevalent risk of lung cancer or other types of cancer was found in the never smoker current vapers population. However, there was substantial biomarker-based evidence of a significant association between e-cigarette exposure and oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, DNA damage, genotoxicity, and tumor growth, particularly following acute exposure. We did not find any age or sex-based differences in cancer risk, and findings on race and education-based differences were insufficient.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is substantial evidence that e-cigarette exposure is associated with biomarkers reflective of cancer disease risk. However, the overall evidence on cancer risk is still limited and should be further investigated by future research, particularly rigorously designed clinical trials and population-based research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A national study, 2022.","authors":"Shaikha K AlDukhail, Eman D El Desouky, Sarah S Monshi, Abdulmohsen H Al-Zalabani, Abdullah M Alanazi, Mervat M El Dalatony, Mosa A Shubayr, Ahmed A Elkhobby, Mohammed M Alqahtani, Anwar S Alhazmi, Mohammed S Aldossary","doi":"10.18332/tid/197410","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/197410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased globally among adolescents. However, data on its use among adolescents in Saudi Arabia remain limited. Therefore, this study describes the characteristics and factors associated with e-cigarette use in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Saudi Arabia 2022 Global Youth Tobacco Survey targeting students aged 13-15 years were analyzed. This study examined current use and ever use of e-cigarettes as dependent variables, and sociodemographic characteristics, smoking behaviors, and exposure to tobacco-related messages as independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the adolescents, 14.2% had ever used e-cigarettes, while 5.3% were current users. Older adolescents exhibited a higher prevalence of ever use (12%, 13%, and 19% among those aged 13, 14, and 15 years, respectively). Of those who ever smoked cigarettes, 44% reported ever using e-cigarettes, and 23% were current users. Older adolescents (15 years) were 35% more likely to be ever e-cigarette users (AOR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.32-1.38) and 39% more likely to be current e-cigarette users (AOR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.34-1.43) than those aged 13 years. Exposure to pro-tobacco marketing was associated with twice the odds of ever using e-cigarettes (AOR=2.23; 95% CI: 2.21-2.26) and 2.76 times the odds of becoming current e-cigarette users (AOR=2.64; 95% CI: 2.58-2.69) compared with non-exposed adolescents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>E-cigarette use is more prevalent among older adolescents, males, and those with higher weekly allowances. Additionally, e-cigarette use is associated with adolescents who use tobacco cigarettes, are exposed to secondhand smoke, or encounter tobacco promotional marketing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143011300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of goods and services tax increase on economic crime: Evidence from China's tobacco tax hike.","authors":"Xuanxuan Zhang, Zili Zhang","doi":"10.18332/tid/197330","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/197330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the acknowledged interconnection between socioeconomic environment and economic crime, research on the relationship between Goods and Services Tax (GST) and economic crime is scarce because of their complicated relationship. This study examines the impact of the GST increase on the illicit tobacco trade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on China's tobacco excise tax shock in 2015, this study employs a difference-in-difference (DID) method to analyze the impact of the GST increase on economic crime. Panel data used in this research are collected by combining prefecture-level socioeconomic data with smuggling data from 2011 to 2016, including variables such as economic crime, wages, GDP per capita, and population. Economic crime, our core dependent variable, is evaluated by the seized-illegal value of smuggling tobacco (SIVST). In order to estimate the heterogeneity effect of tax hikes by region, we classify prefectures into three groups and add a triple interaction term into the regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that economic crime will be further elevated in places where it was initially higher, stimulated by the excise tax hike. Specifically, areas with high per capita tobacco smuggling in 2014 showed a significant increase in cigarette crime following the 2015 cigarette excise tax increase. For every 1-unit increase in per capita illicit trade in cigarettes in the region in 2014, the local illicit trade increased by 0.25 units after 2015. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of GST increase on the SIVST among prefectures is more pronounced among the coastal prefectures. At the same time, there is no significant difference between border and central prefectures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To mitigate the adverse effects of GST increases on economic crime, governments should implement measures to combat tobacco smuggling, particularly in regions with prevalent criminal activity. This is especially crucial when policymakers opt to raise tobacco taxes for fiscal purposes or tobacco control initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143011493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between smoking and recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Yujiao Hu, Cheng Chen, Fei Yu, Jin Zhang, Hui Zeng","doi":"10.18332/tid/199253","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/199253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Existing research suggests an association between smoking and the incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS); however, the causal relationship remains ambiguous. We employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to clarify the potential causal association between smoking and the risk of developing RAS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) sequencing data related to smoking from the Finnish database as instrumental variables (IVs) and GWAS data for RAS from the UK Biobank (UKB) as the outcome to perform a two-sample MR analysis. The selection of IVs was rigorously controlled according to the three principal assumptions of relevance, independence, and exclusivity. The primary analytical methods utilized were inverse variance weighting (IVW) and weighted median (WM), supplemented by MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode techniques to infer causality between smoking and RAS. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using MR-PRESSO, Cochran's Q, and the MR-Egger intercept to ensure the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings from the IVW and WM analyses suggest a causal association between smoking and an elevated risk of RAS (IVW: OR=1.003; 95% CI: 1.0002-1.005, p=0.033; WM: OR=1.003; 95% CI: 1.00006-1.007, p=0.044). Compared to non-smokers, smokers have a 0.3% increase in the risk of RAS. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis did not reveal any inconsistencies that would contradict the MR results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide preliminary evidence of a potential causal relationship between smoking and the risk of RAS, which may contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Further research is needed to confirm these results and explore their implications for clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11734161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143011697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on risk factors and reasons for e-cigarette use in adolescents.","authors":"Víctor José Villanueva-Blasco, Lorena Belda-Ferri, Andrea Vázquez-Martínez","doi":"10.18332/tid/196679","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/196679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim was to establish EC use risk and protective factors, the reasons for use, associations with tobacco and other substance use, and use for smoking cessation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024532771). Searches in Web of Science and PubMed/MEDLINE (March-April 2024) used terms like 'electronic cigarette' and 'adolescents' with a PICO framework. Inclusion criteria covered studies on adolescents aged 10-19 years, published in English or Spanish (2018-2024). Three reviewers independently screened studies, achieving 96% inter-rater reliability. Data extraction followed standardized tables, and methodological quality was assessed using MMAT and GRADE tools, ensuring a robust evaluation of evidence on adolescent electronic cigarette use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 895 studies, 50 met the inclusion criteria. The strongest risk factors for adolescent EC use include social acceptance and use within peer or family circles (13 studies), male gender (10 studies), low risk perception (6 studies), younger age (3 studies), and greater financial resources (3 studies). Motives for use include low perceived risk and appealing flavors, supported by both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. EC use is significantly associated with smoking initiation (7 studies), cannabis consumption (8 studies), and alcohol use (4 studies). Evidence on the effectiveness of ECs as harm reduction or smoking cessation tools in adolescents remains inconclusive, with some cross-sectional studies supporting their utility and others finding contrary evidence. High-quality research indicates ECs are predominantly used alongside traditional cigarettes, with dual nicotine consumption patterns commonly observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence on adolescent EC use identifies risk factors, motives, and links to substance use. However, its role in harm reduction and smoking cessation remains insufficient and controversial. High-quality research is needed, as most studies are low quality. Targeted prevention strategies addressing social influences, perceptions, and accessibility are crucial to reduce adolescent EC use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11734163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study on exposure to secondhand smoke in indoor public places and attitudes of residents towards the smoke control ordinance in public places.","authors":"Xiaowen Wang, Wenjing Zou, Xinyue Zhang, Nongnong Yang, Yuying Zheng, Runtang Meng, Haiyan Ma","doi":"10.18332/tid/196676","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/196676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a serious public health problem. This study aims to collect data on tobacco control since the implementation of the new version of the Smoke Control Ordinance in Public Places of Hangzhou (the Ordinance), combined with questionnaire surveys to understand the SHS exposure situation in public places, relevant knowledge and attitudes of residents in Hangzhou.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from a population-based tobacco control survey of 2746 adults aged 15-75 years conducted in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in March 2023. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, exposure to tobacco, awareness of tobacco hazards, knowledge of the Ordinance, and behaviors and attitudes towards tobacco control in public places. Chi-squared tests were performed to examine the differences in knowledge and attitudes related to tobacco control in indoor public places among residents with different characteristics in Hangzhou. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify variables affecting satisfaction with the effectiveness of tobacco control in public places.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2155 non-smokers, 1006 (46.68%) had been exposed to SHS in public places. More than 89.00% of participants supported the Ordinance. Satisfaction with effectiveness of tobacco control in public places in Hangzhou was 68.54%, and the subcomponents that influenced it were satisfaction with tobacco control publicity campaigns (AOR=1.85; 95% CI: 1.19-2.88), satisfaction with tobacco control surveillance and enforcement (AOR=3.91; 95% CI: 2.43-6.30), satisfaction with the smoke-free demonstration for government departments (AOR=5.79; 95% CI: 3.96-8.47), and satisfaction with individual tobacco control behavior (AOR=11.68; 95% CI: 8.53-15.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is necessary to strengthen tobacco control publicity to increase the participation of residents and to gain a deeper understanding of the subjective willingness and needs of residents to participate in tobacco control campaigns in order to improve residents' individual satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"22 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with tobacco use among Saudi Arabian youth: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior.","authors":"Mosa A Shubayr, Anwar S Alhazmi, Mervat M El Dalatony, Eman D El Desouky, Abdulmohsen H Al-Zalabani, Sarah S Monshi, Ahmed A Elkhobby, Shaikha K Aldukhail, Mohammed M Alqahtani, Mohammed S Aldossary","doi":"10.18332/tid/196678","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/196678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The epidemic of tobacco use poses one of the most severe public health challenges globally, responsible for over 8 million deaths annually according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This study investigates the factors associated with tobacco use among Saudi Arabian youth using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study used the 2022 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) to assess tobacco use among 5610 Saudi students aged 13-15 years. The structured, anonymous questionnaire collected demographic data and TPB constructs (e.g. attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions) were derived from the validated GYTS questionnaire, with items grouped and scored to represent each construct. One-way ANOVA, t-tests, and logistic regression analyses were conducted, with a significance level set at 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the surveyed students, 5610 (80.4%) aged 13-15 years met the inclusion criteria. Tobacco use was prevalent, with 31.3% having ever used tobacco and 8.78% currently using it. Negative attitudes toward tobacco were inversely associated with usage (AOR=0.97; 95% CI: 0.970-0.974). Subjective norms, reflecting perceived social pressure, were positively associated with tobacco use (AOR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.170-1.176). Perceived behavioral control, indicating the ease of quitting or avoiding tobacco, was strongly associated with use (AOR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.848-1.888). Stronger behavioral intentions to use tobacco were also associated with a higher likelihood of use (AOR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.226-1.246).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high prevalence of tobacco use among Saudi Arabian youth, early initiation, and significant social influences highlight the need for comprehensive public health strategies. Targeted education, reduced tobacco accessibility, and programs to shift social norms and attitudes are essential. Addressing these factors can help prevent initiation and support cessation efforts among young people.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"22 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of human metabolism to ultra-low and high nicotine cigarettes based on urine metabolomics and bioinformatic analysis.","authors":"Mengyue Zhang, Chunting Yang, Lingling Gao, Yuanyuan Zhao, Hongzhi Shi","doi":"10.18332/tid/196677","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/196677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the metabolomic profiles of urine samples obtained from smokers who smoked cigarettes with low and high nicotine content.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three smokers participated in this study. They were given low-nicotine (LN) cigarettes, and urine was collected at the end of the third day for the LN group. After 1 week of not smoking, they were given high-nicotine (HN) cigarettes, and urine was collected for the HN group. Untargeted metabolomics and bioinformatic analysis methods were used for urine analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCA showed a high degree of similarity between samples within the group and a large distance between samples between groups, indicating a significant difference between the two groups. A total of 1150 significantly differential metabolites were selected between the HN and LN groups, such as cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol-N-glucuronide. Two-way hierarchical clustering analysis also suggested noticeable differences between the two comparison groups Enrichment analysis indicates that the differential metabolites between the two groups were mainly enriched in 19 pathways, such as the protein kinase G (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway, adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, and Parkinson's disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cigarettes with different nicotine content may alter the metabolism of smokers. A total of 1150 significantly different metabolites were identified between the HN and LN groups, which were mainly enriched in ABC transporters, protein kinase G (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway, caffeine metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"22 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in retail cigarette price after tax increase: Findings from the 2018-2020 ITC Vietnam surveys.","authors":"Thi Phuong Thao Tran, Thi Ngoc Phuong Nguyen, Thu Trang Vu, Thai Uyen Tran, Don Nguyen, Thi Hai Phan, Son Dao The, Min Kyung Lim, Anne C K Quah, Jin-Kyoung Oh, Hoang Van Minh","doi":"10.18332/tid/196675","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/196675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>No longitudinal study has investigated the impact of cigarette tax increases on retail prices in Vietnam. This study aims to describe changes in the purchase price of cigarettes following an excise tax increase from 70% to 75% in January 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from people who currently smoke cigarettes in the longitudinal ITC Vietnam surveys: 1870 participants in Wave 1 (pre-increase), 1564 in Wave 2 (post-increase), and 1308 in Wave 3 (post-increase). Weighted mean self-reported prices of a cigarette pack (with standard error) were calculated for participants who were successfully followed up across three waves. These mean prices were calculated for domestic and international brands, categorized by specific cigarette brands. Percentage changes in mean prices were also measured, and significant differences in mean prices between follow-up waves (Waves 2 and 3) and the baseline (Wave 1) were assessed using paired t-tests. For brands with very small sample sizes, we used non-parametric tests, specifically the Wilcoxon signed-rank test instead of paired t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The weighted mean price of a cigarette pack remained low and stable: VND 12330 (US$0.54) in 2018, VND 12700 (US$0.55) in 2019, and VND 12120 (US$0.53) in 2020 (1000 Vietnamese Dongs about US$0.04345, at 2018). International brands were substantially more expensive than domestic brands, but prices for both remained constant across all waves. Among domestic brands, Thang Long and Sai Gon showed slight price increases of around 3% and 5%, respectively (p<0.05). Among international brands, no statistically significant increase in mean prices was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The retail price of cigarettes remains low, indicating that the slight tax increase was insufficient to raise the current retail price significantly. Therefore, a substantial increase in cigarette prices by adding a specific tax is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"22 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}