Toxicology and Industrial Health最新文献_第3页

Perfluorooctane sulfonate causes damage to L-02 cells via Wnt/β-catenin signal path and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. 全氟辛烷磺酸通过 Wnt/β-catenin 信号途径和内质网应激途径对 L-02 细胞造成损伤。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Toxicology and Industrial Health Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241277259

Cui Jiajing, Yan Shuqi, Ma Haoyan, Wang Pingwei, Liu Dongge, Liu Yanping, Chen Qianqian, Fajrin Saleh, Ren Shuping

{"title":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate causes damage to L-02 cells via Wnt/β-catenin signal path and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.","authors":"Cui Jiajing, Yan Shuqi, Ma Haoyan, Wang Pingwei, Liu Dongge, Liu Yanping, Chen Qianqian, Fajrin Saleh, Ren Shuping","doi":"10.1177/07482337241277259","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337241277259","url":null,"abstract":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one of the most widely used perfluorinated compounds, and as an environmental endocrine disruptor and environmental persistent pollutant, the threat of PFOS to human health is of increasing concern. Exposure to PFOS has been shown to be closely associated with liver disease, but the intrinsic molecular targets and mechanisms of PFOS-induced liver damage are not well understood. This study was conducted to explore whether the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway and the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway are involved in damage of PFOS to the liver. In this study, we used the CCK-8 method to detect cell viability, a microscope and DAPI staining to observe cell morphology, flow cytometry to detect cell ROS and apoptosis levels; and Western blot to detect the expressions of proteins in the WNT/β-Catenin, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis-related pathways. We found that PFOS activated WNT/β-Catenin and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pathways in L-02 cells and could lead to the development of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Our findings showed that PFOS could cause damage to L-02 cells, and the WNT/β-Catenin signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways were involved in the changes caused by PFOS to L-02 cells, which provided a new theoretical basis for studying the hepatotoxicity and mechanism of PFOS. PFOS can lead to increased intracellular ROS levels, causing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our experimental results showed that PFOS can cause damage to L-02 cells, and the WNT/β-Catenin signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway are involved in the process of damage caused by PFOS to L-02 cells.","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"653-666"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142112248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chronic aluminium chloride exposure induces redox imbalance, metabolic distress, DNA damage, and histopathologic alterations in Wistar rat liver. 长期接触氯化铝会导致 Wistar 大鼠肝脏氧化还原失衡、代谢紊乱、DNA 损伤和组织病理学改变。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Toxicology and Industrial Health Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241269784

Farha Shahabuddin, Samina Naseem, Tauseef Alam, Aijaz Ahmed Khan, Farah Khan

{"title":"Chronic aluminium chloride exposure induces redox imbalance, metabolic distress, DNA damage, and histopathologic alterations in Wistar rat liver.","authors":"Farha Shahabuddin, Samina Naseem, Tauseef Alam, Aijaz Ahmed Khan, Farah Khan","doi":"10.1177/07482337241269784","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337241269784","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium, a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, is distinguished for eliciting a broad range of physiological, biochemical, and behavioural alterations in laboratory animals and humans. The present work was conducted to study the functional and structural changes induced by aluminium in rat liver. Twenty five adult male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were randomly divided into five groups; control group and four Al-treated groups viz: Al 1 (25 mg AlCl3/kg b.wt), Al 2 (35 mg AlCl3/kg b.wt), Al 3 (45 mg AlCl3/kg b.wt), and Al 4 (55 mg AlCl3/kg b.wt). Rats in the aluminium-treated groups were administered AlCl3 for 30 days through oral gavage. Aluminium significantly increased the serum levels of liver function markers (ALT, AST, and ALP), phospholipids, and cholesterol. The activities of hepatocyte membrane (ALP, GGT, and LAP) and carbohydrate metabolic (G6P, F16BP, HK, LDH, MDH, ME, and G6PDH) enzymes were significantly altered by AlCl3 administration. Prolonged Al exposure induced oxidative stress in the liver, as evident by significant hepatocellular DNA damage, increased lipid peroxidation, and decreased non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. The toxic effects observed in this study were AlCl3 dose-dependent. Histopathological examination of liver sections revealed enlargement of sinusoidal spaces, derangement of the hepatic chord, loss of discrete hepatic cell boundaries, congestion of hepatic sinusoids, and degeneration of hepatocytes in Al-intoxicated rats. In conclusion, aluminium causes severe hepatotoxicity by inhibiting the hepatocyte membrane enzymes and disrupting the liver's energy metabolism and antioxidant defence.","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"581-595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing lifetime occupational chrysotile inhalation exposure, respiratory symptoms, and lung cancer risk among brake maintenance workers in Malaysia. 评估马来西亚制动器维修工人终生职业性温石棉吸入暴露、呼吸道症状和肺癌风险。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Toxicology and Industrial Health Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241273755

Muhammad Zubir Yusof, Maryam Zahaba, Mohd Shukri Mohd Aris, Saiful 'Arifin Shafiee, Hazrin Abdul Hadi, Mohd Norhafsam Maghpor, Nor Mohd Razif Noraini

{"title":"Assessing lifetime occupational chrysotile inhalation exposure, respiratory symptoms, and lung cancer risk among brake maintenance workers in Malaysia.","authors":"Muhammad Zubir Yusof, Maryam Zahaba, Mohd Shukri Mohd Aris, Saiful 'Arifin Shafiee, Hazrin Abdul Hadi, Mohd Norhafsam Maghpor, Nor Mohd Razif Noraini","doi":"10.1177/07482337241273755","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337241273755","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to estimate workers' occupational lifetime exposure to chrysotile and examine the respiratory symptoms and lung cancer risk. A total of 112 workers were interviewed about their occupational histories. Exposure modeling using information on the determinants of exposure was used to estimate chrysotile emissions. The cumulative lifetime exposure was then assessed for each worker. Respiratory symptoms were obtained using a validated questionnaire. Lung cancer mortality rate was also predicted using a model. Almost all the workers were male and young (mean age = 30 years, SD = 7). The estimated lifetime occupational chrysotile inhalation exposure ranged from 0.0001 to 0.0486 f/mL.years (median = 0.0018 f/mL.years, IQR = 0.486). A high prevalence of cough symptom (11.7%), and low estimated cancer risk (<1%) were reported. In conclusion, the lung cancer risk among our cohort of workers was at a low level because of lower cumulative lifetime occupational chrysotile exposure.","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"596-604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Considerations for occupational risk management during pregnancy: A summary of a continuing education course. 孕期职业风险管理的注意事项：继续教育课程摘要。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Toxicology and Industrial Health Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241273833

L G Roberts, A M Hoberman, S Verpaele, S H Inayat-Hussain, J M DeSesso, M Fukumura

引用次数: 0

Respiratory system: Highly exposed yet under-reported organ in pyrethrin and pyrethroid toxicity. 呼吸系统：除虫菊酯和拟除虫菊酯毒性的高暴露器官，但报告不足。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Toxicology and Industrial Health Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241273808

Anita Tewari

{"title":"Respiratory system: Highly exposed yet under-reported organ in pyrethrin and pyrethroid toxicity.","authors":"Anita Tewari","doi":"10.1177/07482337241273808","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337241273808","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrethrin and pyrethroid are a relatively new class of pesticides with potent insecticidal properties. Pyrethrins are naturally occurring pesticides obtained from the Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium flower, while pyrethroids are their synthetic derivatives. They are widely used as the insecticides of choice in agriculture, veterinary medicine, public health programs, and household activities. Pyrethrin, being a broad-spectrum insecticide kills a wide range of pests, while pyrethroids last longer in the environment owing to low susceptibility to sunlight, and greater stability and efficacy than parent molecules. Humans can be exposed through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal routes. Indoor usage of an insecticide poses a serious risk to human health, especially to women, children, and stay-at-home people. Although pyrethrin and pyrethroid are generally considered safe, sustained skin or inhalation exposure or direct contact with open wounds results in higher toxicity to mammals. There is a paucity of data on the impact of pyrethrin and pyrethroid on overall pulmonary health. The respiratory system, from the nose, nasal passages, airways, and bronchi to the pulmonary alveoli, is vulnerable to environmental contaminants such as pesticides because of its anatomical location as well as being a highly blood profused organ. Under and over-functioning of the respiratory system triggers diverse pathologies such as serious infections, allergies, asthma, metastatic malignancies, and auto-immune conditions. While the association between workplace-related pesticide exposures and respiratory diseases and symptoms is well documented, it is important to understand the adverse health impact of pyrethrin and pyrethroid on the general population for awareness and also for better regulation and implementation of the law.","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"622-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thyroid-disrupting effects of bisphenol S in male Wistar albino rats: Histopathological lesions, follicle cell proliferation and apoptosis, and biochemical changes. 双酚 S 对雄性 Wistar albino 大鼠甲状腺的干扰作用：组织病理学病变、卵泡细胞增殖和凋亡以及生化变化。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Toxicology and Industrial Health Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241267247

Müşerref Bostancı, Burak Kaptaner, Abdulahad Doğan

{"title":"Thyroid-disrupting effects of bisphenol S in male Wistar albino rats: Histopathological lesions, follicle cell proliferation and apoptosis, and biochemical changes.","authors":"Müşerref Bostancı, Burak Kaptaner, Abdulahad Doğan","doi":"10.1177/07482337241267247","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337241267247","url":null,"abstract":"In this presented study, the aim was to investigate the toxic effects of bisphenol S (BPS), one of the bisphenol A analogues, on the thyroid glands of male Wistar albino rats. Toward this aim, the rats (n = 28) were given a vehicle (control) or BPS at 3 different doses, comprising 20, 100, and 500 mg/kg of body weight (bw) via oral gavage for 28 days. According to the results, BPS led to numerous histopathological changes in the thyroid tissue. The average proliferation index values among the thyroid follicular cells (TFCs) displayed increases in all of the BPS groups, and significant differences were observed in the BPS-20 and BPS-100 groups. The average apoptotic index values in the TFCs were increased significantly in the BPS-500 group. The serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and serum free thyroxine levels did not show significant changes after exposure to BPS; however, the serum free triiodothyronine levels displayed significant decreases in all 3 of the BPS groups. BPS was determined to cause significant increases in the antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, as well as a significantly decreased content of reduced glutathione. The malondialdehyde level in the thyroid tissue was elevated significantly in the BPS-500 group. The data obtained herein revealed that BPS has thyroid-disrupting potential based on structural changes, follicle cell responses, and biochemical alterations including a decreased serum free triiodothyronine level and increased oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"559-580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bis-(2-Chloroisopropyl) ether. 双（2-氯异丙基）醚。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Toxicology and Industrial Health Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241245745

{"title":"Bis-(2-Chloroisopropyl) ether.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/07482337241245745","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337241245745","url":null,"abstract":"Bis-(2-Chloroisopropyl) ether (BCIPE) was used as a solvent for fats, greases, paint, varnish removers, and in spotting and cleaning solutions. However, BCIPE has not been commercially manufactured or used for numerous years. In experimental animal studies, BCIPE is moderately toxic following acute oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure. BCIPE is a severe eye irritant but not a dermal irritant or dermal sensitizer. BCIPE was not genotoxic or mutagenic in in vitro and in vivo assays; it was not toxic in a 3-generation reproductive dietary study in rats. Short-term, repeated inhalation and oral exposure in rats produced increased liver and kidney weights and congestion; dermal exposure in rabbits did not produce any observable adverse effects. BCIPE did not produce a statistically significant increase in tumors in two different 2-year dietary studies in mice and rats. In mice, technical grade BCIPE produced increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas in females, hepatocellular carcinomas in males, and a low incidence of forestomach hyperplasia (in both sexes at the high-dose). Further investigation with technical grade BCIPE concluded that these effects were species- and dose-specific with limited, if any, relevance to humans. The NOAEL of 400 ppm (15 mg/kg/day) from the 2-year dietary study in female rats was considered the point of departure for the health-based WEEL derivation. After adjustment for duration of exposure, interindividual variability, and intraindividual variability, an 8-h time-weighted average (TWA) WEEL value of 3 ppm (21 mg/m3) was derived. This exposure limit is expected to provide a significant margin of safety against any potential adverse health effects in workers.","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"497-503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Musculoskeletal disorders and visual problems among surgical versus medical physicians: A cross-sectional study. 外科医师与内科医师的肌肉骨骼疾病和视觉问题：一项横断面研究。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Toxicology and Industrial Health Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241261416

Enjy Ahmad Esmat Khorshed, Dalia A El-Shafei, Mona Fathy Zaitoun, Tarek ElHewala, Ahmed Mohamed Bahgat Awad, Raghda Ali Elshamy

{"title":"Musculoskeletal disorders and visual problems among surgical versus medical physicians: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Enjy Ahmad Esmat Khorshed, Dalia A El-Shafei, Mona Fathy Zaitoun, Tarek ElHewala, Ahmed Mohamed Bahgat Awad, Raghda Ali Elshamy","doi":"10.1177/07482337241261416","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337241261416","url":null,"abstract":"The healthcare industry is one of the main industries with a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Surgical practice mostly involves repetitive tasks with fine motor control, precise motions, high levels of mental concentration, and close visual focus. This cross-sectional study aimed to define the prevalence and risk factors of MSDs and visual problems among physicians. One hundred surgical physicians and one hundred medical physicians were involved in the study. Both groups underwent assessment of socio-demographic and occupational history, alongside evaluation for musculoskeletal and visual problems. The study revealed a significantly higher prevalence of MSDs, particularly neck and back pain, as well as blurred near vision and eye dryness, among surgical physicians compared to medical physicians. Risk factors for these conditions included long working hours (≥30 h/week) in clinics or operating rooms, as well as using endoscopes and microscopes/loupes during surgery. In conclusion, MSDs and visual problems were prevalent among physicians, particularly surgical physicians. Integrating ergonomic principles across all domains of healthcare and promoting healthcare worker awareness through training and intervention programs are crucial steps in addressing these issues.","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"519-529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomarkers of occupational benzene exposure: A Systematic Review to estimate the exposure levels and individual susceptibility at low doses. 职业苯暴露的生物标志物：系统回顾：估算低剂量时的暴露水平和个体易感性。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Toxicology and Industrial Health Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241259053

Zhijuan Zhang, Wenmin Shi, Lihua Ru, Wei Lv

{"title":"Biomarkers of occupational benzene exposure: A Systematic Review to estimate the exposure levels and individual susceptibility at low doses.","authors":"Zhijuan Zhang, Wenmin Shi, Lihua Ru, Wei Lv","doi":"10.1177/07482337241259053","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337241259053","url":null,"abstract":"Benzene is associated with diverse occupational and public health hazards. It exhibits an ability to rapidly permeate the skin and contaminate water and food sources, leading to dermal and ingestion exposures. Despite numerous studies examining the associations between benzene and various indicators of harm, the findings have yielded inconsistent results. Furthermore, relying solely on air concentration as a measure of benzene exposure is limited, as it fails to account for internal exposure dose and individual susceptibility. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive review in order to present current knowledge on benzene biomarkers and their significance in evaluating exposure levels and associated health hazards. The search methodology adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and involved the application of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria across multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two researchers independently extracted and evaluated the relevant data based on predetermined criteria. Following the screening process, a total of 80 articles were considered eligible out of the initially retrieved 1053 articles after undergoing screening and assessment for inclusion. As the level of exposure decreased, specific biomarkers demonstrated a gradual increase in limitations, including heightened background concentrations and vulnerability to confounding factors. The advancement of sampling and analysis techniques will yield new biomarkers. Additionally, when conducting practical work, it is crucial to employ a comprehensive utilization of diverse biomarkers while excluding individual metabolic variations and combined exposure factors.","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"539-555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Letter re: Regulatory toxicology approaches in workplaces of Iran. 关于伊朗工作场所毒理学监管方法的信函。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Toxicology and Industrial Health Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241258664

Seyed Mohammad Ebrahimi, Mansur Rezazadeh Azari, Razzagh Rahimpoor

{"title":"Letter re: Regulatory toxicology approaches in workplaces of Iran.","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Ebrahimi, Mansur Rezazadeh Azari, Razzagh Rahimpoor","doi":"10.1177/07482337241258664","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337241258664","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of establishing occupational exposure limits (OELs) is to utilize them as a risk management tool, ensuring the protection of workers' health and well-being from hazardous substances present in the workplace. To regulate and develop an OEL, it is essential to conduct toxicological studies on both animals and humans, to determine the dose-response relationship for each chemical compound, and to determine whether the dose-response relationship is linear or non-linear. Because the OELs suggested by different organizations or countries are just the result of their scientific methods, knowledge, and judgment, this does not confirm the applicability in other countries. Therefore, it is not scientific and logical to imitate the permissible limits recommended in Western countries. In most Western Asian nations, there is a significant difference in the suggested OEL levels between the reference organizations, and in assessing and managing a specific situation's risk, using any of the proposed OELs can lead to contradictory results. Suggestions for the development and improvement of the basics of determining the OELs for chemical pollution in West Asian countries have been made.","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"556-558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0