Toxicology and Industrial Health最新文献

{"title":"Effects of hydrogen sulfide donors on inflammatory and oxidative factors in the hippocampus of lead-poisoned rats.","authors":"Keivan Lorian, Hossein Azizian, Maryam Yadegari, Nasrin Alborzi, Zeynab Hafizi, Fatemeh Zare Mehrjerdi","doi":"10.1177/07482337261422818","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337261422818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead is one of the main environment pollutants, which has strong inhibitory effects on the functioning of the CNS. Exposure to high amounts of lead, even shortly, stimulates glial cells and activates inflammatory pathways in brain. Lead can also increase the amount of oxidative stress. In this study, the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) donors on lead-induced neurotoxicity was investigated. The protective effects of H₂S have been proven in various neurological diseases. Lead and H₂S were administered for 2 weeks. The animals' cognitive performance, exploratory behavior, and anxiety were evaluated using the shuttle box, open field, and elevated plus maze tests. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin 10 (IL-10); the total antioxidant capacity of the hippocampus; and blood lead levels were measured. Lead increased the level of TNFα and MDA and decreased the level of IL-10 in the hippocampus. H₂S was able to moderate the inflammatory and oxidative factors and tissue damage caused by lead in the hippocampus, which led to better cognitive and behavioral functions. The results of this study indicated that H₂S reduced the damage caused by lead through its well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which ultimately resulted in improved behavioral and cognitive functions in lead-poisoned animals. .</p>","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"114-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of high-frequency radiofrequency (6 GHz) electromagnetic radiation on oxidative stress and kidney morphology.","authors":"Mustafa Emre, Yasin Karamazi, Toygar Emre, Nazlı Ece Varan, Tuğba Toyran, Güzide Yücebilgiç","doi":"10.1177/07482337261422845","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337261422845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-frequency (6 GHz) radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) exposure on oxidative stress markers and kidney morphology. Our study was designed with 3 groups, each containing 10 animals. These groups were: control, sham, and RF-EMR exposed group. No treatment was applied to the control group; the sham group was housed in the same room under the same conditions and for equal periods of time, except that the generator was turned off. The RF-EMR exposed group was exposed to 6 GHz RF-EMR emitted from the signal generator for 4 hours per day for 6 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, intracardiac blood was collected from animals and plasma oxidant (MDA), antioxidant (SOD, CAT and GSH) and cortisol markers were analyzed. After, the rats in all groups were sacrificed and kidney tissues were removed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining methods were applied histopathologically. Blood-plasma GSH, CAT, SOD and MDA levels (excluding cortisol) were lower in the RF-EMR exposed group compared to the control and sham groups (p < .001). No significant difference was observed in plasma levels GSH, CAT, SOD, MDA and cortisol activities between control and sham groups. In addition, we reported that the histological characteristics of kidney tissue were affected by RF-EMR. The results of our study indicated that 6 GHz RF-EMR can function as an environmental stress factor and can modulate oxidative stress in blood plasma and cause morphological changes in kidney tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"124-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposure to lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide materials in lithium battery: Health risks and mechanisms of toxicity.","authors":"Xiaoying Li, Ningning Li, Xiuzhi Zhang, Shanfa Yu","doi":"10.1177/07482337261433636","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337261433636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lithium-ion batteries are indispensable in modern energy storage systems-including portable electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale applications-because of their high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge. Among cathode materials, lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (LiNiMnCoO₂; NCM) is widely used because of its balanced electrochemical performance and strong commercial viability. With the rapid expansion of NCM production and recycling, concerns regarding occupational exposure and related health risks have increased. However, a comprehensive synthesis addressing the toxicological characteristics of NCM as a composite material-rather than its individual metal constituents-remains lacking. This review critically evaluates current evidence on the occupational health effects of NCM materials across their life cycle, with particular emphasis on inhalation exposure to NCM particulates in manufacturing and recycling settings. We integrated epidemiological data, in vivo and in vitro toxicological studies, and mechanistic research to characterize the health risks associated with NCM exposure. Following deposition in the respiratory tract, persistent particles initiate local inflammatory responses, while the gradual release of Ni, Co, and Mn ions within pulmonary and intracellular microenvironments drives sustained molecular and cellular toxicity. Major adverse outcomes include respiratory inflammation and fibrosis, neurotoxicity, hepatic and renal injury, and other systemic effects. We further summarized key toxicity mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, DNA damage, and related pathways, and discuss current occupational exposure limits and regulatory considerations for NCM-related metals. By consolidating multidisciplinary evidence, this review aimed to clarify knowledge gaps, inform future research priorities, support evidence-based regulatory decision-making, and promote safer manufacturing practices for next-generation energy storage technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"146-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: \"The chemoprotective effects of l-carnitine against genotoxicity induced by diazinon in rat blood lymphocyte\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/07482337261425457","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337261425457","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subacute oral toxicity of flutriafol in mice: Behavioral, biochemical, and histological alterations.","authors":"Naourez Ktari, Khadija Boukholda, Rabeb Ben Slama-Ben Salem, Intidhar Bkhairia, Riadh Ben Salah","doi":"10.1177/07482337261420596","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337261420596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human exposure to triazole fungicides such as flutriafol (FFL) is raising concerns regarding their potential toxic effects. FFL has been reported to induce oxidative stress and systemic toxicity, yet its subacute effects remain incompletely characterized. This study investigated the subacute oral toxicity of FFL in adult male mice, with a particular focus on behavioral, biochemical, hematological, and histological alterations. Behavioral assessment and median lethal dose (LD₅₀) determination were performed initially. Mice were then administered FFL by oral gavage at doses of 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg/kg body weight for 15 consecutive days. Hematological indices and biochemical parameters reflecting hepatic, renal, cardiac, and lipid metabolic function were evaluated. Oxidative stress markers, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), were measured in multiple organs, including the liver, intestine, brain, kidney, testis, lungs, pancreas, and heart. Histological examinations were conducted to assess tissue-level alterations. FFL exposure resulted in dose-dependent behavioral changes, hematological disturbances, and significant alterations in serum biochemical parameters. Antioxidant enzyme activities were reduced, while lipid peroxidation was increased across several organs, indicating enhanced oxidative stress. These findings were supported by histopathological changes consistent with organ injury. In conclusion, subacute oral exposure to FFL induced behavioral and multisystem toxicity in mice, largely mediated by oxidative stress mechanisms. These results highlight potential health risks associated with repeated FFL exposure and underscore the need for further toxicological evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"61-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing systemic absorption and estrogenic potential of methylparaben and propylparaben in consumer use.","authors":"Kylie Jones, Megan J Kemp, Christy A Barlow","doi":"10.1177/07482337261419181","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337261419181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methylparaben and propylparaben are widely used as preservatives in consumer products, including cosmetics, personal care items, and pharmaceuticals. Concerns have been raised regarding their potential for systemic absorption and estrogenic activity, which may contribute to endocrine disruption. This review evaluates current evidence on dermal absorption, metabolism, and systemic distribution of methylparaben and propylparaben, emphasizing factors influencing their bioavailability. Additionally, the estrogenic potential of these compounds in experimental studies is examined, assessing receptor binding affinity and biological effects. Overall, while parabens exhibit weak estrogenic activity compared to endogenous hormones, repeated exposure and cumulative effects warrant further investigation. The toxicokinetic data combined with estrogenic activity assessments provide critical insight into the risk of endocrine disruption associated with paraben exposure. This assessment provides an understanding of methylparaben and propylparaben safety, supporting informed regulatory decisions and consumer awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of dermal sensitizers under the globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS): A critical review of the principles and current challenges.","authors":"Wells Utembe, Charlene Andraos","doi":"10.1177/07482337261422823","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337261422823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) is a crucial framework for chemical hazard communication, especially in protecting workers from skin sensitizers. A critical assessment of the principles, issues, and challenges around classification of skin sensitization in GHS is warranted. Classification of dermal sensitizers relies on a weight of evidence (WoE) approach that incorporates human, animal, and non-test data. However, current testing methods have limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and predictive accuracy. Current test methods take into account the issue of potency and thresholds for sensitization. However, the focus on induction thresholds rather than induction and elicitation thresholds may create a gap in protecting already sensitized individuals since elicitation thresholds are in some cases lower than induction thresholds. While the sensitization process may take weeks or years, current test methods are largely acute in nature, potentially incapable of identifying all (chronic) sensitizers. Moreover, current methods used for classification of skin sensitizers only take into account the dermal route, whereas some chemicals may cause dermal sensitization through other routes, which presents a significant limitation, especially when considering non-animal testing methods. Finally, lack of UV irradiation in current methods may inadvertently miss potential photosensitizers, which may result in misclassification. Continuous refinement of testing methods and integrating novel approaches are essential to improve GHS classifications for skin sensitizers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"100-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace hydrogen sulphide intoxication - What an occupational physician should know.","authors":"James Latimer, Kiera McDowall","doi":"10.1177/07482337261419191","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337261419191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"57-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between individual and mixed volatile organic compounds and periodontitis.","authors":"Lu Ye, Weichao Ma, Yuhan Ming, Fengjuan Zhou, Juan Liu","doi":"10.1177/07482337261418749","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337261418749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study endeavored to elucidate the association between exposure to individual and combined volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the occurrence of periodontitis in adults. Data were derived from the 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were employed to assess the relationship between blood VOC concentrations and periodontitis. Significant positive associations were observed for benzene, furan, 2,5-dimethylfuran, ethylbenzene, m-/p-xylene, and o-xylene, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.44 to 2.31. RCS analyses demonstrated linear associations for benzene, furan, 2,5-dimethylfuran, m-/p-xylene, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, whereas ethylbenzene and o-xylene exhibited nonlinear associations. In addition, weighted quantile sum regression revealed that cumulative VOC exposure was positively associated with periodontitis, with 2,5-dimethylfuran, ethylbenzene, benzene, and furan identified as the most influential contributors. Collectively, these findings suggested that VOC exposure possibly plays a substantive role in the pathogenesis and progression of periodontitis, underscoring the need for strategies aimed at reducing environmental VOC exposure as part of comprehensive preventive and therapeutic public health measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxiredoxin Ⅱ silencing aggravates FA-induced myelotoxicity through triggering PI3K pathway mediated by PTEN.","authors":"Guangyan Yu, Xiangfu Song, Ran An, Qiuling Xu","doi":"10.1177/07482337251406203","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07482337251406203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Formaldehyde (FA) is a critical industrial compound implicated in leukemogenesis via the induction of oxidative stress. Our previous studies observed aberrant expression of peroxiredoxin II (PrxII), phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) in FA-exposed bone marrow cells (BMCs) under conditions of oxidative stress. We speculate that the PrxII gene may be functionally linked to the PI3K pathway in formaldehyde-induced oxidative damage. Therefore, in the current study, we first used a specific PI3K inhibitor (LY294002, 10 μM) to suppress the PI3K pathway at 100 μM FA, and co-treated mouse bone marrow cells for 24 hours to investigate their potential interactions. We then evaluated the expression levels of PrxII, PTEN, PI3K, and Akt (via qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis), as well as the BMC's viability (CCK-8 assay), ROS levels (DCFH-DA), and cell apoptosis (Annexin V/PI staining). Additionally, to explore the potential regulatory role of PrxⅡ in the PI3K pathway, we employed siRNA-mediated PrxⅡ gene silencing through a small interfering RNA and subsequently measured PTEN, PI3K, and Akt mRNA and protein levels using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. We observed that inhibition of the PI3K pathway with 10 μM LY294002 mitigated FA-induced oxidative damage in BMCs, as evidenced by improved cell viability, reduced ROS levels, and decreased apoptosis rates. Moreover, PrxII silencing led to downregulation of PTEN expression while concurrently activating the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade. This study provides evidence that PrxII silencing may trigger the PI3K pathway mediated by PTEN gene, thereby exacerbating FA-induced oxidative injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":23171,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145744631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}