Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Factors and prediction model associated with resumption of social outings in stroke survivors 6 months after onset: a multicenter prospective study.","authors":"Takaaki Fujita, Toshimasa Sone, Akihiko Asao, Kazuaki Iokawa","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2408998","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2408998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify factors associated with the resumption of social outings 6 months after stroke onset and develop a simple clinically practical prediction model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Participants were recruited from first-ever stroke survivors admitted to three rehabilitation wards, and resumption of social outings 6 months after stroke onset was assessed using the Japanese version of the Frenchay Activities Index. The association of physical and cognitive functions with activities of daily living at admission to the rehabilitation ward and resumption of social outings 6 months after stroke onset was examined using logistic regression and decision trees.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Notably, 63.2% of the 57 stroke survivors who participated in this study had lower Frenchay Activities Index scores for social outings 6 months after stroke onset than before. Logistic regression analysis revealed that attention deficit and grooming on the Functional Independence Measure (FIM^TM) were significantly associated with decreased social outing scores 6 months after stroke onset. A decision tree model was created to predict the resumption of social outings using the presence or absence of attention disorders and FIM^TM grooming score (>2 or ≤ 2).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study suggest that attention deficit and beyond a certain level of independence in grooming (FIM^TM >2) at admission to the rehabilitation ward are associated with recovery to the pre-stroke level of social outings 6 months after stroke onset. The decision tree created in this study holds promise as a simple model to predict the resumption of social outings among stroke survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"382-391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Lycra arm sleeve for treatment of glenohumeral subluxation in people with sub-acute stroke: a randomized controlled (RC) feasibility study.","authors":"Robert Jones, Paul White, Rosemary Greenwood, Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2403808","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2403808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A Lycra arm sleeve has the potential to reduce glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) in people with stroke (PwS). Aims were (1) to provide feasibility data to inform a future fully powered randomized controlled trial, (2) to understand whether patients would be willing to be randomized, (3) to measure changes in GHS at 3 months after wearing the sleeve when compared to not wearing the sleeve.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>PwS ≥18 years with ≤3/5 shoulder abduction strength and able to give informed consent were recruited. The feasibility data on recruitment, screening, and retention rate at 12 weeks were collected. Participants were asked if they would be happy to be randomized into one of the two groups. The immediate group received the Lycra sleeve on recruitment and wore for up to 10 hours/day for 3 months. The delayed group received the sleeve after follow-up assessment at 3 months. GHS was assessed using diagnostic ultrasound method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over one year, 257 patients were screened, 34 patients were eligible, and 31 (91%) were recruited. Retention at 3 months was 27 (87%). Of those eligible, all found randomization to be acceptable. In the immediate group, GHS showed reduction from 2.6 ± 0.7 cm (95% CI 2.0-3.1 cm) at baseline to 2.2 ± 0.4 cm (CI 2.0-2.5 cm) at 12 weeks. In the delayed group, mean GHS remained unchanged over 3 months period (2.3 ± 0.5 cm, CI 1.9-2.7 cm).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recruitment was harder than anticipated, but there was high retention demonstrating feasible methodology. There is some indication of a clinical effect of Lycra sleeve on GHS early after stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"419-427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of end-effector robotic arm reach training with functional electrical stimulation for chronic stroke survivors.","authors":"Ki Hun Cho, Mi Ran Hong, Won-Kyung Song","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2409595","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2409595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Upper-extremity dysfunction significantly affects dependence in the daily lives of stroke survivors, limiting their participation in the social environment and reducing their quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of end-effector robotic arm reach training (RAT) with functional electrical stimulation (FES) on upper-limb motor recovery in chronic stroke survivors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-blinded randomized controlled trial, 28 chronic stroke survivors were randomized to receive RAT-with-FES and RAT-without-FES for 40 min/day, three times per week over a 4-week period, and the data of 26 participants were used in the final analysis. Upper-limb motor recovery was measured using the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), and kinematics (movement time, speed, and distance) during reaching movements toward targets placed in three directions (ipsilateral, median, and contralateral sides) were measured using a robotic arm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The upper-limb motor recovery (FMA and kinematics) improvement for the within-group comparisons tended to be greater in the RAT-with-FES group than in the RAT-without-FES group. However, in the between-group comparison, no significant differences were found in FMA, and significant differences were observed only for 2 distance parameters of kinematic factors: total (23.0% vs. 1.7%) and straight total (25.5% vs. 2.6%) distance on the ipsilateral side (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study was unable to clearly reveal the positive effects of electrical stimulation combined with robotic arm training. However, we believe that it provides basic data that furthers our understanding of the role of hybrid neuroprostheses in stroke rehabilitation and the factors determining successful treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"337-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What do employers need when supporting stroke survivors to return to work?: a mixed-methods study.","authors":"Kristelle Craven, Jade Kettlewell, Blanca De Dios Pérez, Katie Powers, Jain Holmes, Kathryn A Radford","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2409005","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2409005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Employers are key in supporting stroke survivors to return to work (RTW) but do not always have knowledge/skills or guidance to do so.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore employers' needs for provision of post-stroke RTW support.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mixed-methods study. Participants recruited through voluntary response/purposive sampling. Survey of employers investigated stroke knowledge (maximum score: 7), RTW process knowledge (maximum score: 8), and perceived competency for actions supporting RTW (maximum score: 100%). Regression analyses explored relationships between employers' demographic/contextual characteristics and knowledge and perceived competency scores. Interviews with employers explored factors influencing their post-stroke RTW support. Interview data were analyzed using a framework analysis. Survey/interview findings were synthesized with those from a qualitative systematic review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across the survey (<i>n</i> = 50), interviews (<i>n</i> = 7), and review (25 studies), employers' support was influenced by stroke survivors' decisions to disclose stroke-related limitations, employers' knowledge regarding roles/responsibilities, employers' communication skills, and information provided by healthcare. Regression analyses: Human resources/occupational health support was positively associated with stroke knowledge (ß = 2.30, 95% CI 0.36-4.41, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and RTW process knowledge (ß = 5.12, 95% CI 1.80-6.87, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Post-stroke RTW experience was positively associated with stroke knowledge (ß = 1.36, 95% CI 0.46-2.26, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and perceived competency (ß = 31.13, 95% CI 18.40-44.76, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Organization size (i.e. working in a larger organization) was positively associated with RTW process knowledge (ß = 2.96, 95% CI 1.52-4.36, <i>p</i> = <.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Employers' RTW support was influenced by personal and environmental factors; they may benefit from education and guidance on stroke and their roles/responsibilities during the RTW process.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"392-404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The minimal clinically important difference of two multifaceted fatigue evaluation questionnaires in chronic stroke.","authors":"Soheila Fallah, Zahra Parnain, Parvaneh Taghavi-Azar-Sharabiani, Moslem Cheraghifard, Behnoosh Vasaghi-Gharamaleki, Mahtab Roohi-Azizi, Mansoureh Hashemi, Mahin Yousefi, Mohammad-Taghi Joghataei, Ghorban Taghizadeh","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2408997","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2408997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This research sought to ascertain the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) and Robust Clinically Important Difference (RCID) of the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF) and Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire-11 (CFQ-11) as two important concepts for the clinical interpretation of the results in chronic post-stroke population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 128 subjects with chronic post-stroke completed the MFSI-SF and CFQ-11 before and after six weeks of intervention. The MCIDs were derived using both anchor- and distribution-based methods; however, only anchor-based methods were used to estimate RCIDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anchor-based MCIDs for MFSI-SF and CFQ-11 were in the range of -5 to -6.28 and -2 to -4.56, respectively. Distribution-based MCIDs in MFSI-SF and CFQ-11 were calculated in the range of -4.17 to -24.05 and -1.72 to -7.68, respectively. RCID ranges of -10 to -15 were obtained for the MFSI-SF and -6 to -7.33 for the CFQ-11.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings may have implications for clinical experts in the clinical interpretation of fatigue changes observed in MFSI-SF and CFQ-11 in individuals with chronic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"405-418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with task-specific training on spatio-temporal gait parameters and functional mobility in individuals with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jéssica Miranda de Aquino Miranda, Pedro Henrique Sousa de Andrade, Maria Eduarda Salum Aveiro Henrique, Bruno Henrique de Souza Fonseca, Rodrigo Bazan, Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de Souza, Gustavo José Luvizutto","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2411878","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2411878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has a priming effect on post- stroke motor rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We verified whether tDCS combined with task-specific training was superior to nonintervention, task-specific training, or simulated intervention in improving spatio-temporal gait parameters and functional mobility in stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and LILACS for articles published until May 2024, using terms related to stroke, tDCS, and task-specific training. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology was used to classify the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,685 studies were identified, of which 18 were included in the qualitative analysis. Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis; all outcomes were classified as \"very low quality.\" Improvements in walking speed only were associated with tDCS combined with task-specific training (mean difference [MD], 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04, 0.07; <i>p</i> < 0.001; I  = 0%). There were no differences in other spatio-temporal gait parameters or functional mobility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review provides low-quality evidence that tDCS, in combination with task-specific training, increases speed in individuals after stroke. Both interventions, tDCS and task-specific training, are inexpensive and easy to implement; therefore, the mean estimate may be considered clinically worthwhile, although the CIs spans both clinically trivial and worthwhile effects.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; number CRD42023396021).</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"438-457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of four sarcopenia screening methods in patients with chronic stroke in Thailand: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Kannanat Laosuwan, Ratana Vichiansiri, Charoonsak Somboonporn, Jittima Saengsuwan","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2409000","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10749357.2024.2409000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of screening tools for sarcopenia and to determine whether the same or different cutoff points should be applied in patients with chronic stroke.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty-eight participants with residual hemiparetic deficit for over 6 months were enrolled. We evaluated the accuracy of calf circumference, SARC-F questionnaire, SARC-CalF, and Ishii's score chart using the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 revised criteria as the gold standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sarcopenia was identified in 22 participants (32.4%) based on the AWGS criteria. Overall, SARC-F showed the lowest diagnostic accuracy. The Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curves (AUC) of calf circumference, SARC-F, SARC-CalF, and Ishii's score chart were 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.88), 0.58 (95% CI, 0.42-0.74), 0.75 (95% CI, 0.62-0.87), and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.65-0.90), respectively. The mean AUC of SARC-F was inferior to SARC-CalF (0.58 vs. 0.75, <i>p</i> = 0.035).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The accuracy and diagnostic properties of calf circumference, SARC-CalF, and Ishii's score chart were comparable (mean AUC of 0.77, 0.75, and 0.78, respectively). SARC-F showed the lowest accuracy (mean AUC = 0.58). The recommended screening tools are calf circumference, SARC-CalF, and Ishii's score chart. It is not recommended to rely solely on SARC-F for screening sarcopenia after stroke. We proposed potential new cutoff points for each screening instrument, including SARC-F, SARC-CalF, calf circumference in women, and Ishii's score chart for both men and women.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"371-381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2499316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2025.2499316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement properties of the 6-min step test for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with chronic stroke.","authors":"Augusto Boening, Aline A Scianni, Janayna Avance, Maria Tereza M Alvarenga, Lucas R Nascimento","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2494963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2025.2494963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness are mandatory after a stroke. The 6-min step test emerges as an alternative method in absence of maximal tests.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide information regarding the measurement properties of the 6-min step test in individuals with chronic stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, methodological study was conducted. Participants were individuals with stroke, who performed the 6-min step test and the 6-min walk test for calculation of measurement properties and comparison purposes. Outcomes of interest were test-retest and inter-rater reliability, measurement error, minimal detectable change, construct validity, criterion validity by video, intra-rater and inter-rater reliability by video.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty individuals with chronic stroke were included. The 6-min step test had a very-high test-retest (ICC 0.98; CI 95% 0.97-0.99) and inter-rater reliability (ICC 0.95; CI 95% 0.92-0.97). The test's measurement error was 4(5%) and the minimal detectable change was 11 repetitions. The correlation between the 6-min step test and the 6-min walk test suggested high construct validity (<i>r</i> = 0.79; CI 0.66-0.89). In addition, the 6-min step test by video had comparable results with the in-person administration with very high criterion validity (<i>r</i> = 1.00; CI 95% 1.00-1.00),intra-rater (ICC = 1.00; CI 95% 1.00-1.00) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 1.00; CI 95% 1.00-1.00).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 6-min step test has appropriate measurement properties to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with chronic stroke. Moreover, the video administration of the 6-min step test produced comparable results with the in-person administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in uneven-surface walking characteristics: high-functioning vs low-functioning people with stroke.","authors":"Yasuhiro Inui, Naomichi Mizuta, Shintaro Fujii, Yuta Terasawa, Tomoya Tanaka, Naruhito Hasui, Kazuki Hayashida, Yuki Nishi, Shu Morioka","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2495987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2025.2495987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Differences in gait parameters between even- and uneven-surface walking in people with stroke (PwS) with different functional abilities remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to assess whether there are differences in the adjustments of gait parameters on uneven surfaces between PwS based on their even-surface gait speed (≥0.8 and < 0.8 m/s).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We calculated the root mean square (RMS) of trunk acceleration and maximum joint angles and co-contraction indexes of the lower limbs during even- and uneven-surface walking between the high-functioning group (HG) (<i>n</i> = 38; ≥0.8 m/s) and low-functioning group (LG) (<i>n</i> = 24; <0.8 m/s).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the HG, the LG showed a greater reduction in gait speed (<i>p</i> = .015). Meanwhile, the RMS of trunk acceleration increased in the HG but remained unchanged in the LG on uneven surfaces. The increase in knee flexion angle during the swing phase was smaller in the LG than in the HG on uneven surfaces (<i>p</i> < .001). A reduction in the thigh co-contraction index during the stance phase was observed only in the HG on uneven surfaces (<i>p</i> = .005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The LG responded with a conservative strategy, reducing gait speed more than the HG to maintain stability, whereas the HG exhibited decreased stability but a more flexible adaptation. The smaller increase in knee flexion during the swing phase in the LG suggests impaired motor control, while the reduction in thigh co-contraction during stance observed only in the HG indicates an adaptive response. These findings highlight that adaptation to uneven surfaces differs depending on gait ability on even surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}