Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jiayang Qu, Hui Zhou, Qiaoqiao Wang, Jinkuo Pang, Suqin Zheng, Sijia Zhao, Jiangsu Zhang, Honghao Wei, Tianxiao Yang, Guohao Lin, Xuekang Niu","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2571564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2025.2571564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-stroke shoulder pain (PSSP) is a common complication of stroke survivors, substantially impeding upper-limb functional recovery and diminishing quality of life. Conventional treatments usually target peripheral symptoms and only yield limited or transient benefits. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown analgesic potential in various neuropathic pain conditions, yet its efficacy in PSSP lacks systematic evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight databases were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating rTMS interventions for PSSP. The primary outcome was pain intensity measured by the visual analog scale or numeric rating scale. Secondary outcomes included Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Modified Barthel Index, and shoulder range of motion. Risk assessment and data analysis were performed using Review Manager 5.4.1, with heterogeneity quantified by the I² statistic and subgroup analyses conducted to explore its potential sources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>12 RCTs involving over 500 participants met the inclusion criteria. Results revealed that rTMS significantly reduced pain intensity compared to control (WMD: -1.62; 95% CI: -2.00, -1.24; <i>p</i> < 0.00001). Additionally, rTMS significantly improved the FMA, MBI scores and shoulder ROM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>rTMS appears to be a promising intervention for reducing PSSP and enhancing upper-limb motor function. These findings support incorporating rTMS into stroke rehabilitation protocols. In the future, high-quality, multi-center RCTs with extended follow-up are warranted to optimize stimulation parameters and validate long-term benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation to improve visual perception after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Luis Leal-Vega, Adrián Martín-Gutiérrez, Antonio Dueñas-Laita, Marta Ruiz-Mambrilla, León Morales-Quezada, David García-Azorín, María Begoña Coco-Martín, Juan Francisco Arenillas-Lara","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2572470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2025.2572470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in improving visual perception in stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of NIBS in improving visual perception in stroke patients up to 5 September 2025. Meta-analyses, forest and funnel plots and risk of bias assessment were performed using RevMan Web, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADEpro GDT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7 RCTs met the eligibility criteria, of which 6 had data available for meta-analysis. Random effects meta-analyses showed that NIBS versus sham stimulation had a large effect size on visual perception in stroke patients as determined by the Motor-free Visual Perception Test (MVPT) (4 RCTs, <i>n</i> = 124, 82 men, 42 women; SMD [95% CI]: 0.83 [0.48 - 1.19]; I²: 0%); and that NIBS combined with other therapies versus other therapies alone had a large effect size on visual perception in stroke patients as determined by the MVPT (2 RCTs, <i>n</i> = 32, 14 men, 18 women; SMD [95% CI]: 1.20 [-0.42 - 2.82]; I²: 70%). There was no publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is low-certainty evidence in favor of NIBS versus sham stimulation and very low-certainty evidence in favor of NIBS combined with other therapies versus other therapies alone for improving visual perception in stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42024594263.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who's in the driver seat?: raising the voices of younger women stroke survivors.","authors":"April Vander Veen, Jeffrey Holmes, Patricia Tucker, Liliana Alvarez","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2571570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2025.2571570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Driving restriction has far reaching negative impacts for people who have experienced a stroke. However, current understandings of driving restriction and community mobility after stroke are informed by experiences and perspectives of older men. Younger women (aged 55 years and younger) are facing increased risks for stroke and have unique needs related to life stage and socio-cultural gender roles. Despite these unique risks and needs, women are underrepresented in stroke and driving research, and health organizations are calling for more representation of women in cardiovascular research.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To understand the experiences and perspectives of younger women related to driving restriction and their subsequent participation in valued activities and roles after a stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a qualitative descriptive interview study with eight younger women (aged 55 years and younger) who had experienced a stroke. We used reflexive thematic analysis to identify themes in the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Driving restriction after stroke among younger women is a significant disruption as driving is instrumental in enabling participation in valued activities, social interaction, and supportive roles. Women experienced significant psychological pain from driving restriction, compounded by the sudden and unexpected onset at their age. The women sought out social support, advocated for driver policy changes, and enacted agency to navigate driving restriction through the pursuit of self-determination and adaptation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Women have unique needs related to driving after stroke. More research is needed to develop richer understandings of this underrepresented group in stroke and driving research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training with functional electrical stimulation (FES) on inflammatory, hemostatic, and lipid profile markers in men after ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Morteza Mostaghimi, Ali Heidarianpour","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2566140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2025.2566140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ischemic stroke is linked to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and disrupted hemostasis, particularly involving Von Willebrand factor (vWF), ADAMTS13, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. While functional electrical stimulation (FES) and exercise are used in stroke rehabilitation, the combined effects on inflammation and hemostatic markers remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of aerobic-FES (A-ES), resistance-FES (R-ES), and FES alone on vWF, ADAMTS13 activity, interleukin-6 (IL-6), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in men with ischemic stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two male stroke patients (55-85 years) were randomly assigned to four groups: A-ES, R-ES, ES, and control (CON). Over 8 weeks, participants in intervention groups completed three weekly sessions: aerobic or resistance training with FES, or FES alone. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 48 h post-intervention. vWF and IL-6 were measured by ELISA, ADAMTS13 by fluorimetry, and lipid profiles using the Selective Detergent method. Data were analyzed using mixed-model ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant reductions in LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, IL-6, and vWF, along with increased ADAMTS13 activity, were observed in A-ES and R-ES groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with no significant change in HDL-C. No significant changes were found in ES or CON groups. Between-group comparisons showed significant effects only for vWF and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, while interaction effects were significant for LDL-C, IL-6, vWF, and ADAMTS13.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A-ES and R-ES improved inflammatory and hemostatic markers in men with ischemic stroke, showing similar efficacy. These benefits appear attributable to the aerobic and resistance components rather than FES, without evidence of synergistic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of tDCS plus virtual reality in enhancing cognitive function in patients with chronic stroke: a quasi-randomized clinical trial.","authors":"R De Luca, A Gangemi, R A Fabio, M G Maggio, M Bonanno, C Rifici, D Di Ciuccio, F Corallo, C Mento, M R A Muscatello, A Quartarone, R S Calabro'","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2563227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2025.2563227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alone or combined with other advanced rehabilitative treatments , non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool to augment neuroplasticity as well as improve cognitive function post stroke.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the psychological and neurophysiological effects of tDCS application combined with cognitive virtual reality training (VRT) in patients with chronic ischemic stroke.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Twenty subjects were enrolled in this quasi-randomized pilot study and assigned to the experimental (EG) or control groups (CG). The EG received VRT combined with tDCS, while the CG received the VRT with sham-tDCS, five times a week for 4 weeks. Each patient was evaluated using a psychometric battery, including Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Hamilton Rating Scale (HRS-D), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), at the beginning (T0) and the end (T1) of the study. Additionally, a neurophysiology technician measured the brain electrical activity through event-related potential P300.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant improvement in MMSE scores from T0 to T1 was observed in the EG. A significant improvement in FAB scores was observed over time (i.e. at the intragroup analysis), with greater gains in the group receiving active tDCS. On the contrary, both groups showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms scores over time. A key finding of the study was the enhancement of cognitive processing speed, as indicated by reduced P300 latency, in the EG.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that tDCS may potentiate the effects of VR by promoting neuroplasticity and improving the efficiency of cognitive networks, ultimately contributing to better recovery outcomes in patients with stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of somatosensory discrimination training on motor and functional recovery in patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Federico Temporiti, Giorgia Marino, Paola Adamo, Claudio Cordani, Roberto Gatti","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2463285","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2463285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Somatosensory discrimination training (SDT) consists of a peripheral stimulation of somatosensory receptors followed by the request to discriminate among different stimuli features. Such approach has been adopted to promote motor learning after stroke, but results are still controversial. This systematic review aimed at investigating SDT effects on motor and functional recovery in patients with stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library from inception until January 2025. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of SDT delivered alone and/or in combination with other rehabilitative approaches in patients with stroke were included. Two reviewers performed data extraction and assessed methodological quality using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool. Pooled or un-pooled effects were computed as mean difference or standardized mean difference with 95% confidence interval, while evidence certainty was rated using the GRADE approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies (264 participants) were included. Low evidence supported SDT plus task-oriented rehabilitation to improve upper limb function (MD 0.2 points, CI₉₅ 0.1, 0.3 points on Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremities) and gait performance (MD 0.21 m/s, CI₉₅ 0.15, 0.27 m/s on 10-Meter Walk Test from a single study) after stroke, while no effects were found for motor impairment, manual dexterity, static balance and disability (low to very low evidence).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The addition of SDT to task-oriented rehabilitation led to better motor and functional improvements than task-oriented rehabilitation alone in patients with stroke. However, evidence certainty was very low to low and further high-quality studies are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"757-768"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Testing Emotionalism After Recent Stroke - Questionnaire (TEARS-Q-TR).","authors":"Emel Tasvuran Horata, Tuba Can Akman, Izgi Guven, Suat Erel, Niall M Broomfield","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2515137","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2515137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Testing Emotionalism After Recent Stroke-Questionnaire (TEARS-Q) evaluates post-stroke emotionalism by focusing on uncontrolled episodes of crying with a cutoff score compared to other available instruments. There is no Turkish scale to assess emotionalism in acute stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To translate and culturally adapt the TEARS-Q into Turkish and evaluate its validity and reliability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The researchers used an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to determine construct validity. They calculated Cronbach's alpha to assess internal consistency, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and standard error of measurement (SEM) to test-retest reliability. They used the Neurological Sciences Centre-Lability Scale (CNS-LS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) subscales (anxiety and depression) to determine convergent and discriminant validity, respectively. A five-year-experienced physiotherapist conducted assessments at baseline and after 15 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study comprised eighty-five acute stroke patients, with a mean age of 65.99 ± 13.59 years. EFA indicated a unidimensional structure for the TEARS-Q-TR accounting for 56.46% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha was 0.883 which indicates good consistency. The analysis obtained an ICC of 0.725, indicating moderate reliability. SEM value of the scale was 3.162. There was a moderate positive relationship between TEARS-Q-TR and CNS-LS (<i>r</i> = 0.517) and a weak positive relationship between TEARS-Q-TR and HAD anxiety (<i>r</i> = 0.351) (<i>p</i> < 0.01). TEARS-Q-TR and HAD depression were not correlated (<i>p</i> > 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The researchers recommend TEARS-Q-TR, a valid and reliable scale for clinical use in acute stroke patients to assess emotionalism practically (with 8 items) and mitigate potential issues that may arise from the misdiagnosis of emotionalism.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"692-700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of technology-based stroke interventions to improve upper limb functioning in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Meiling Carbajal Galarza, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa Paredes, Sergio Alejandro Abanto Perez, Gustavo Saposnik, Maria Lazo-Porras","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2469473","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2469473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) representing 69% of stroke incidence. Technology-based interventions offer potential for improving motor function and rehabilitation adherence; however, their impact in LMICs remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To measure the efficacy of technological interventions compared to conventional physical rehabilitation in improving post- stroke upper limb motor function in LMICs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020213333) of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from PubMed, Global Index Medicus, and Physiotherapy Evidence Databases. Studies included stroke survivors receiving technological interventions for upper limb rehabilitation. Effectiveness outcomes included upper limb motor function, performance for activities of daily living, and quality of life. A meta-analysis was performed using mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for RCTs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty studies were included after the screening phase, comprising a total of 2646 participants. Nine technological interventions were evaluated, including: virtual reality (40%), robotics (22%), telerehabilitation (10%), among others. Meta-analysis showed significant effect of immersive virtual reality on upper limb function using the Fugl-Meyer Scale (MD 5.65; 95% CI 4.88 to 6.43) and on daily activity performance using the Functional Independence Measure (MD 4,82; 95% CI 2,45-7,19). A significant difference was also found between telerehabilitation and conventional therapy using the modified Barthel index (MD of 3.28; 95% CI 0.86 to 5.70).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immersive virtual reality and telerehabilitation are effective interventions compared to conventional rehabilitation in LMICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"723-743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of social determinants of health on stroke rehabilitation service utilization measured during acute stroke hospitalization.","authors":"Heather Shaw Bonilha, Tianwen Ma, Shyam Prabhakaran, Lori J Bhadsavle, Samir R Belagaje, Debra Blanke, Laura Henriquez, Danielle Starnes, Hannah Christopher, Jacqueline Cabral, Teri Walczak, Fadi Nahab","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2466391","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2466391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rehabilitation is the primary method of promoting functional recovery post-stroke. Identification of patients for rehabilitation services during the acute stroke hospitalization is essential to delivery of rehabilitation services. Social determinants of health (SDOH) impact health care and health outcomes in a myriad of ways, but it is unknown whether SDOH affects rehabilitation services utilization.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study elucidates the relationship of, and additional explanatory value of, county-level metrics of SDOH on rehabilitation services utilization during acute inpatient hospitalization for stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the American Heart Association Get with the Guidelines®-Stroke registry and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation data, we investigated the impact of SDOH on rehabilitation services utilization over the years ranging from 2010 to 2019 in hospitalized ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage stroke patients. Analyses focused on determining which county-level SDOH metrics influenced rehabilitation services utilization using generalized linear mixed models. Akaike Information Criterion was used for model selection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>County-level SDOH improved the predictive ability of the models to determine who would be transferred to a rehabilitation facility and who would be referred for rehabilitation after discharge. We found indicators that county-level metrics of high school education (<i>p</i> = 0.0003), being foreign-born (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and rurality of the hospital (<i>p</i> = 0.004) influenced rehabilitation services utilization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SDOH impact rehabilitation utilization after acute stroke hospitalization. Future studies should focus on both individual- and county-level metrics of SDOH and their impact on access to rehabilitation. This information should be used to develop interventions to improve the equity of rehabilitation utilization after stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"669-676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test-retest reliability and practice effects of shape trail test in stroke patients.","authors":"Xiuzhen Liu, Ye Zhang, Fang Li, Lin Liu, Jubao Du, Wei Qun Song","doi":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2457282","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10749357.2025.2457282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Executive dysfunction after stroke greatly affects stroke prognosis, so clinicians need to urgently focus on screening for it. This study aims to offer valuable data for research on post-stroke executive dysfunction by evaluating the test-retest reliability of the Shape Trail Test (STT) and the influence of the practice effect on scores among stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 75 subacute stroke patients were included in the study. Based on the cutoff value for mild cognitive impairment(MCI) in the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic, the patients were divided into an MCI group and a cognitively normal (CN) group. The patients were asked to complete the Shape Trail Test (STT) on two different occasions within three days. The time taken to complete Part A and Part B were denoted as STT-A and STT-B respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC), Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used as metrics, and a paired t test was employed to evaluate the practice effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) The actual number of patients who completed the research was 71. The STT showed great test-retest reliability in stroke patients (ICC, STTA: 0.927 VS STTB: 0.881; Spearman, STTA: 0.824 VS STTB: 0.713, <i>n</i> = 71). The test-retest reliability of STTA is higher than that of STTB (ICC, STTA = 0.927＞STTB = 0.881; Spearman, STTA = 0.824＞STTB = 0.713; <i>n</i> = 71). The reliability of the MCI group was higher than that of the CN group (ICC, STTA:MCI = 0.94＞CN = 0.71; STTB:MCI = 0.87＞CN = 0.64). (2) Subgroup analysis revealed distinct practice effects between the MCI and CN groups. The MCI group showed no practice effect, while the CN group had a partial one. In the CN group, practice did not significantly impact STT-A scores (<i>p</i> = 0.782), but did affect STT-B scores (<i>p</i> = 0.035). In contrast, in the MCI group, no significant practice effects on the STT were observed (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>STT's test-retest reliability was moderate to high in stroke patients and varied by cognitive function. Subgroup analyses should precede assessments of STT's test-retest reliability in stroke patients. Patients with cognitive dysfunction showed no significant practice effects. Given that this research is carried out specifically within the Chinese context, extreme care should be taken in extending the study's findings to other populations.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01322607.</p>","PeriodicalId":23164,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"779-788"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}