Therapeutic deliveryPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-04-07DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2026.2653435
Jenitha Vincent, David Wilson, Monith Gnanaselvam, Kokelavani Nampalli Babu, Srividhya Muralidharan, Nandana Vijay, Viswanathan Sundaram, Ramachandra Dilip, Harish Ugendar, V M Berlin Grace
{"title":"Enhanced therapeutic potential of folic acid-tagged targeted liposomal quercetin (Lipo-Que) over Free-Que in Benzo [a] pyrene-induced lung cancer in mice.","authors":"Jenitha Vincent, David Wilson, Monith Gnanaselvam, Kokelavani Nampalli Babu, Srividhya Muralidharan, Nandana Vijay, Viswanathan Sundaram, Ramachandra Dilip, Harish Ugendar, V M Berlin Grace","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2653435","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2653435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The anti-cancer potency of quercetin is limited by poor intestinal absorption and rapid metabolism clearance. This study was designed to analyze therapeutic efficacy of liposome nano-formulation of quercetin in experimental lung cancer when administered intravenously and compare it with a molecular drug, liposomal sorafenib.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The Lipo-Que and Lipo-Sorafenib were prepared by thin film formation method and administered to Benzo (a) Pyrene induced lung cancer mice. The mean survival time and other therapeutic effects in vivo were evaluated. Apoptosis induction in lung tissue ex vivo was quantified using Flow cytometry analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Lipo-Que significantly prolonged the lifespan of cancer-induced mice (MST: 310.86 ± 0.58 days) compared to cancer control (210.18 ± 0.00 days) and Free-Que-treated mice. It significantly reduced the tumor foci and histopathologic changes in lungs and liver with complete elimination of liver metastasis. A highly significant reduction (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) in the hematopathology changes of cancer with early apoptosis induction (19.47 ± 0.00%) was observed in the Lipo-Que group, which signifies its non-inflammatory clearance of cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lipo-Que exhibits superior therapeutic efficacy compared to Free-Que, highlighting its targeted delivery and action as a promising and safe alternative to conventional mode of quercetin therapy, opening avenues for further translational development.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"153-169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Doxorubicin-loaded polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan-based nanofibers for antimicrobial therapy and real-time <i>in-vivo</i> imaging.","authors":"Bhima Wagh, Ankit Kumar Malik, Komal Rani, Vaishali, Aseem Setia, Nandini Vinodrao Randhave, Nidhi Verma, Vikas Kumar, Punit Tiwari, Madaswamy S Muthu","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2653449","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2653449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study intends to develop and estimate doxorubicin-laden chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers (CS-PVA-DOX-NFs) as a therapeutic system for bacterial infections and wound healing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), contact angle and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). <i>In-vitro</i> drug release, release kinetics, hemocompatibility, and antibacterial activity were assessed, followed by <i>in-vivo</i> evaluation in Swiss albino mice using fluorescent optical and power Doppler imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The nanofibers exhibited a uniform morphology with diameters of 120-356 nm and high drug entrapment efficiency. Sustained release of doxorubicin was observed with 44.65 ± 2.68% released over 24 h. The hemocompatibility assays confirmed non-hemolytic and biocompatible behavior of the nanofibers. Additionally, the antibacterial studies against Escherichia coli demonstrated potent activity (MIC/MBC: 3.25-12.5 μg/mL). Furthermore, the <i>in-vivo</i> imaging confirmed prolonged drug retention and enhanced wound healing, while Doppler analysis revealed improved tissue perfusion and oxygen saturation compared to commercial formulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CS-PVA-DOX-NFs exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, biosafety, strong antibacterial activity, and superior wound-healing efficacy, highlighting their potential as a promising nanofiber-based platform for infection control and tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"185-201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13094245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147676573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30-mediated amorphization of stingless bee propolis to enhance the solubility of bioactive mangostins.","authors":"Boonyadist Vongsak, Arthitchayangura Kanpai, Sureena Naokhamphaeng, Arpa Petchsomrit","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2639950","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2639950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to improve the aqueous solubility of stingless bee propolis, which is limited by its lipophilic nature, by developing solid dispersions with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) as a hydrophilic carrier and to identify the optimal formulation ratio to enhance the solubility of its bioactive constituents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Propolis solid dispersions (PSDs) were prepared using the solvent evaporation method at propolis extract to PVP K30 ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. The solubility of the key bioactive compounds, gamma-mangostin and alpha-mangostin, was quantified using HPLC. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were employed to elucidate molecular interactions and crystallinity changes within the formulations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized PSD (1:3) significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) enhanced the aqueous solubility of gamma-mangostin and alpha-mangostin by 1.3- and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared with the unmodified extract. FT-IR spectra revealed hydrogen bonding between PVP carbonyl groups and the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the extract, while XRD confirmed the amorphous transformation of the propolis within the polymeric matrix.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PVP K30-mediated solid dispersion transformed crystalline propolis extract into an amorphous form, effectively enhancing mangostin solubility and dissolution behavior, offering a promising strategy to improve the pharmaceutical applicability and formulation potential of stingless bee propolis.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Therapeutic deliveryPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2026.2623772
Elaine Harris
{"title":"November 2025 therapeutic delivery: industry update.","authors":"Elaine Harris","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2623772","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2623772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>November 2025 saw the approval of a number of products which employ a variety of delivery technologies including Johnson and Johnson's DARZALEX FASPRO (with Haloyzyme's ENHAZE), Merck's KEYTRUDA QLEX, and Regeneron's EYLEA HD. It was also a busy month for acquisitions with Halozyme completing the acquisition of Elektrofi which gives it access to the microparticulate technology Hypercon. Halozyme also announced a collaboration with the Dutch company Merus, for the development of a subcutaneous formulation of petosemtamab. Positive clinical trial data was announced for a number of companies including EyePoint, Tiziana, Nasus, and Tonix.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and evaluation of nasal hydrogel with biopolymer loaded gold nanoparticle for antibacterial activity.","authors":"Thogaikarasi Ravichadran, Selvakumar Rajendran, Sathish Paramasivam Bhama, Punniya Dharshini, Baby Roselin Rajan Durai, Veintramuthu Sankar","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2648379","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2648379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to develop and evaluate mucoadhesive nasal hydrogels incorporating biopolymer-stabilized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for antibacterial applications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by a reduction method and incorporated into hydrogels prepared using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; 0.2% and 2%) and pectin (10%). Formulations were characterized for physicochemical interactions, particle size, PDI, zeta potential, viscosity, osmolarity, and FTIR. Mucoadhesive strength was measured using a texture analyzer. Antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> was evaluated using broth dilution and agar diffusion methods. Cytocompatibility was assessed in RAW 264.7 cells using the MTT assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 2% CMC-GNP hydrogel showed improved stability (-17 to -22 mV) and higher viscosity (700-2000 cP), while pectin-GNP hydrogels exhibited superior mucoadhesion (peak: 1.28 N) and uniform nanoparticle distribution. Both formulations demonstrated antibacterial activity comparable to gentamicin. Cell viability remained high, with pectin-GNP and 2% CMC-GNP showing 95.07% and 90.16%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Biopolymer-stabilized GNP hydrogels exhibited enhanced stability, mucoadhesion, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility, supporting their potential as nasal delivery systems for preventing bacterial colonization.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"107-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to the letter to the editor.","authors":"Dmitry Labutin, Ekaterina Gordina, Mikhail Bozhokin, Svetlana Bozhkova","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2643122","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2643122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147435708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Therapeutic deliveryPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-03-24DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2026.2648435
Humberto D Escobedo, Michael J Schurr, Devatha P Nair
{"title":"Nanogels for the targeted delivery of antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs.","authors":"Humberto D Escobedo, Michael J Schurr, Devatha P Nair","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2648435","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2648435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems represent a promising platform for advancing biomedical therapies. Among them, nanogels - three‑dimensional, crosslinked polymer networks - offer tunable structures that enable targeted and controlled drug delivery, a key advantage in combating antimicrobial resistance. Recognized by the World Health Organization as a major global health threat, antimicrobial resistance continues to rise due to the overuse, misuse, and improper dosing of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. Resistant bacterial strains often form biofilms that further reduce antibiotic effectiveness, underscoring the need for delivery platforms that enhance targeting while minimizing off‑target exposure. Nanogels are well-positioned to address these challenges. Recent <i>in vivo</i> studies, sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed between 2020 and 2026, demonstrate their ability to improve antimicrobial therapy through efficient drug loading, controlled release, and site‑specific delivery. This review highlights these advances and discusses remaining obstacles, including scaling up nanogel production and the potential role of artificial intelligence in optimizing nanogel design and manufacturing to support standardized, cost‑effective, and clinically viable treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"125-138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Therapeutic deliveryPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-03-09DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2026.2633967
V A Márquez-Escobar, A Miranda-López, S Vimolmangkang, S Rosales-Mendoza
{"title":"The potential of organic nanoparticles and plant-derived adjuvants for vaccine design.","authors":"V A Márquez-Escobar, A Miranda-López, S Vimolmangkang, S Rosales-Mendoza","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2633967","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2633967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic nanoparticles (NPs) are nanoscale entities composed of natural or synthetic carbon-based compounds. In biomedicine, particularly in vaccine development, their properties facilitate antigen loading, stabilization, and delivery, while exerting immunostimulatory effects that enhance immune responses. Compared to inorganic NPs, organic NPs often exhibit higher safety profiles, greater chemical versatility for functionalization, and superior mucoadhesive properties. Over the past three decades, organic NP-based nanovaccines have been increasingly explored, generating preclinical evidence demonstrating ability to induce robust immune responses and confer immunoprotection. Within this context, plant-derived compounds have attracted growing interest due to their chemical diversity and broad spectrum of bioactivities, including immunostimulatory effects, making them promising candidates as vaccine adjuvants. The data presented in this review were derived from review of peer-reviewed literature identified through searches on PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, covering studies published between 2000 and 2025, with earlier foundational studies included. This review discusses the application of organic NPs in nanovaccine platforms, detailing key properties, advantages, and the promising vaccine prototypes reported in the literature. Special attention is given to the potential of plant-derived compounds as adjuvants, highlighting their role in optimizing organic NP-based nanosystems for vaccine delivery, while providing insights into key design considerations for developing effective vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"69-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12977262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Therapeutic deliveryPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-02-17DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2026.2629205
Hana Elnahas, Luis Materon, Rahul Tiwari, Murali M Yallapu, Victoria Padilla, Karen Lozano
{"title":"Pullulan-based nanofiber membranes with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties for rhinosinusitis therapy.","authors":"Hana Elnahas, Luis Materon, Rahul Tiwari, Murali M Yallapu, Victoria Padilla, Karen Lozano","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2629205","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2629205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Rhinosinusitis is a common inflammatory condition of the nasal cavity that often requires antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapy. This study aimed to develop a noninvasive, multifunctional nanofiber platform for localized rhinosinusitis treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pullulan-based nanofiber membranes co-loaded with ampicillin and clove oil were fabricated using the scalable Forcespinning® technique. The chemical composition, morphology, and thermo-physical properties of the developed membranes were characterized. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> using a Kirby - Bauer disk diffusion assay. Cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity were assessed in RAW 264.7 macrophages, while mucus interaction and ex vivo mucosal permeation were evaluated using fluorescence-based methods.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>The optimized pullulan/ampicillin/clove oil nanofibers exhibited uniform, bead-free morphology with an average diameter of 530 ± 35 nm and adequate thermal stability. Composite nanofibers demonstrated significantly enhanced antibacterial activity compared to single-agent formulations. The nanofibers were non-cytotoxic up to 500 µg/mL and significantly reduced nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated macrophages (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Mucointeraction and mucosal permeation studies supported their suitability for nasal delivery. These findings demonstrate that pullulan-based nanofibers offer a biocompatible, noninvasive platform for localized antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapy in rhinosinusitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12977248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}