Therapeutic delivery最新文献

{"title":"Naringenin microneedles as theranostics in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Ragini Amarnani, Pravin Shende","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2742640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20415990.2026.2742640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To develop a noninvasive dissolvable theranostics microneedle patch for simultaneous localized treatment and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis for reducing conventional systemic side effects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Naringenin nanoparticles were synthesized via ionic gelation using chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate, subsequently freeze-dried, and dispersed in a PVA-PVP-K90 (polyvinyl alcohol-polyvinylpyrrolidone-K90) solution containing methyl orange dye before being cast into microneedle molds. A scanning electron microscope and dynamic light scattering were used to investigate the morphology, particle size, and zeta potential. Further, <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>ex-vivo</i> release studies were conducted, and <i>in-vivo</i> efficacy was utilized to monitor the change in the diameter of arthritic animal models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized nanoparticles demonstrated a hydrodynamic diameter of 414.9 ± 80.41 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 87.69 ± 2.45%. <i>In-vitro</i> release studies indicated effective, sustained naringenin release from the microneedle (DMN1), achieving 91.95 ± 3.96% over 24 h. However, the microneedles demonstrated excellent skin permeation, providing 83.77 ± 4.6% controlled drug release over 24 h <i>ex-vivo</i>. Animal studies revealed a significant reduction in paw diameter to 3.38 ± 0.3 mm, indicating naringenin's therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The system enables controlled transdermal drug delivery and real-time visual pH monitoring, offering a prominent and painless theranostics platform for managing rheumatoid arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of a traditional herbal cream following dosage form transformation.","authors":"Hai Phuong Ly, Van Hien Nguyen, Linh Tu Vo, Thanh Triet Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2731739","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2731739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To develop a topical cream formulation from a traditional Vietnamese herbal remedy (LXWLC) comprising <i>Lonicera japonica</i>, <i>Xanthium strumarium</i>, <i>Wedelia chinensis</i>, <i>Lactuca indica</i>, and <i>Chromolaena odorata</i>, and to evaluate its quality, skin irritation potential, and anti-inflammatory activity, thereby providing preliminary evidence for its potential application in inflammatory skin conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>LXWLC cream was prepared by emulsification and evaluated according to the Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia V and ASEAN standards. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by nitric oxide inhibition in <i>RAW264.7</i> macrophages, skin irritation in <i>New Zealand White</i> rabbits, and anti-inflammatory efficacy in a croton oil-induced ear edema model in <i>Swiss albino</i> mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extract contained 226.89 ± 0.25 mg GAE/g of total phenolics and inhibited nitric oxide production (IC₅₀ = 54.7 ± 0.2 µg/mL). The cream met quality and safety requirements and caused no skin irritation. It reduced ear thickness by 51.04%, comparable to clobetasone 0.05% (58.49%) and significantly greater than the oral extract (20.49%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LXWLC cream demonstrated favorable quality, safety, and anti-inflammatory activity, supporting its potential development as a topical herbal candidate for inflammatory skin conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"809-818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soluble ocular insert of brinzolamide and timolol maleate: <i>in-vitro</i>, <i>ex-vivo</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> characterization.","authors":"Nikunj Prajapati, Priyal Vaghela, Hetal Thakkar","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2731730","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2731730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a novel transparent and soluble ocular insert containing a fixed-dose combination of Brinzolamide (210 µg) and Timolol maleate (105 µg).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The soluble ocular inserts were formulated using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as film-forming polymers. Optimization of the parameters was done using a D-optimal design.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>The optimized soluble ocular inserts were found to be transparent, homogeneous, flexible and demonstrated acceptable surface pH (7.21 ± 0.12), bioadhesive strength (11.88 ± 0.89 g), and tensile strength (1.016 ± 0.13 MPa). <i>In-vitro</i> studies demonstrated sustained drug release up to 24 h following Higuchi kinetics. <i>Ex-vivo</i> permeation across goat cornea and <i>in-vivo</i> pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated enhanced and prolonged intraocular pressure reduction compared to the marketed suspension. The short-term stability testing indicated that the ocular insert retained the characteristics of %Transmittance, pH, Assay and % drug release. Overall, the results suggest that for better therapeutic efficacy and adherence in glaucoma treatment, the dual-drug loaded ocular insert provides a new, patient-friendly substitute for traditional ophthalmic dosage forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"799-808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148945699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotheragnosis: an emerging frontier review in personalized cancer medicine.","authors":"Lida Dastanpour, Mohammad Aref Bagherzadeh, Sanaz Rezaeian, Akbar Hasanzadeh, Abolfazl Safikhani, Niloofar Haeri Moghaddam, Emad Moeendarbary, Ali Beyzavi, Sara Saeedi, Mirza Ali Mofazzal Jahromi, Mahdi Karimi, Michael R Hamblin","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2731778","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2731778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains a major cause of global mortality, while late-stage diagnosis and therapeutic resistance highlight the need for individualized strategies. Nanotheranostics has emerged as a promising paradigm by integrating cancer diagnosis and treatment within multifunctional nanosystems. However, most current approaches remain technology-driven rather than truly patient-specific. This review examines the emerging convergence of adaptive nanotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), molecular profiling, and precision medicine to develop intelligent nanoplatforms capable of responding to individual biological characteristics. Based on a literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (January 2010-June 2026), we review nano-enabled diagnostic approaches, including SERS-based nanoprobes and circulating tumor DNA detection, therapeutic strategies such as stimuli-responsive drug delivery, CRISPR-Cas9 nanodelivery, and personalized nanovaccines, and integrated multimodal imaging-guided theranostic systems. We further evaluate clinical trials and translational studies, highlighting biological, manufacturing, regulatory, and ethical barriers to clinical implementation. Although generalized nanoparticle platforms have reached Phase II/III trials and some have received regulatory approval, truly patient-specific nanotheranostic systems remain largely at early clinical stages. AI may bridge patient molecular profiles and nanoplatform design by optimizing nanoparticle properties, predicting biological interactions, and enabling personalized treatment selection. This review provides a roadmap toward adaptive, intelligent, and patient-specific cancer nanotheranostics, supporting a paradigm shift from generalized treatment toward precision-guided personalized healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"877-909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aptamer-conjugated curcumin nanomedicine: targeted drug delivery and theranostic innovations in cancer Immunotherapy.","authors":"Elaheh Mirhadi, Prashant Kesharwani, Thomas P Johnston, Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2726710","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2726710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Literature search: </strong>A non‑systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted using relevant terms.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"819-832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanostructured lipid carriers for intranasal cannabidiol delivery in Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes: bridging preclinical promise to clinical translation.","authors":"Yashika, Sachin Yadav, Anish Arora, Nisha Bharti, Kapil, Amandeep Singh","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2731738","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2731738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dravet syndrome (DS) and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) are severe developmental epileptic encephalopathies that appear in early childhood, are unresponsive to medications, and have a dismal neurodevelopmental prognosis. Most patients do not respond well to polytherapy, and the need to fulfill this gap in clinical practice is urgent. Cannabidiol (CBD) has proven to be an effective adjunct drug, but oral preparations have low bioavailability, slow onset and systemic adverse effects. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are an innovative therapeutic technology that can deliver CBD directly to the brain via the nose, enhance brain targeting, achieve faster onset, and minimize systemic exposure, which could be a valuable solution to current deficiencies in treatment.Intranasal NLC-CBD has preclinical evidence of increasing brain CBD levels, facilitating anticonvulsant action, and protecting against seizures in established animal models, like pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions. NLC-based preparations have increased brain-to-plasma ratios and longer central exposure at lower doses in comparison to free or orally administered CBD. Despite these promising findings, there are still translational gaps to be addressed, such as insufficient safety data in the long term, disease-specific DS/LGS genetic models, inconsistencies in the pediatric nasal physiology, and conventional clinical dosing paradigms.Literature for this review was identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, covering studies published up to March 2026 on CBD, NLC, intranasal drug delivery, DS, and LGS.There is a dire need to carry out properly designed clinical trials that would demonstrate the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and efficacy of intranasal NLC-CBD in DS and LGS. The first pediatric clinical trials, adaptive trial models and regulatory harmonization are necessary to convert this noble nanomedicine approach into a clinical therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"833-851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation development and characterization of peptide-based spray-forming <i>in situ</i> gel for enhanced buccal permeation and improved stability.","authors":"Nandini Nimbalkar, Bindu Yadav, Riya Patel, Amisha K Vora, Clara Fernandes","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2726700","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2726700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To develop an <i>in situ</i> gelling buccal spray to improve the permeation and stability of reduced glutathione through the buccal mucosa without using ascorbic acid as an antioxidant.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Glutathione, a hydrophilic thiol peptide classified as a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class III drug, exhibits poor oral bioavailability due to limited permeability, enzymatic degradation by gamma-glutamyl transferase, and instability in aqueous environments. The formulation was optimized based on gelling time and glutathione stability and evaluated for spray pattern, <i>in situ</i> gelling time, volume expansion, gel rheology, gel degradation, pH, drug content, <i>in vitro</i> buccal mucosa permeation, and stability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized formulation was transparent and formed an <i>in situ</i> gel within 2-6 min. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis confirmed approximately 98% drug content per 0.2 mL actuation and demonstrated improved stability at 4°C compared with the plain drug solution. <i>In vitro</i> permeation studies showed an approximately 10-fold increase in permeability flux, while stability studies confirmed enhanced stability for more than 1 month under refrigerated conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed <i>in situ</i> gelling buccal spray significantly improved the stability and buccal permeation of reduced glutathione, demonstrating its potential as an effective noninvasive delivery system.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"789-798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colloidal nanomedicine approaches for regulating cell death mechanisms in tumours.","authors":"Mohd Neyaz Ahsan, Ananda Kumar Chettupalli, Priyanshu Pathak, Divya Amaravadi, Rajendra Kumar Jadi","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2731774","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2731774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colloidal nanomedicine has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment, enabling the precise modulation of multiple regulated cell death pathways to improve therapeutic efficacy and overcome treatment resistance. This review underscores how advanced nanocarriers can be used to regulate apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis to overcome tumor resistance and enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and hybrid nanostructures are examples of colloidal systems, which are found to be more stable in the tumor microenvironment, deliver drugs in a targeted manner, and release drugs in a controlled manner. Their tunable physicochemical characteristics and capacity to take advantage of both passive and active targeting processes greatly enhance tumor accumulation and reduce systemic toxicity. Additionally, nanomedicine makes it possible to combine therapies by co-delivering chemotherapeutics, nucleic acids, and immunomodulators to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) and augment immunogenic cell death (ICD). Effective clinical translation of colloidal nanomedicine is hindered by biological hurdles, safety concerns, manufacturing scalability, regulatory complexity, and batch-to-batch repeatability, despite encouraging preclinical results and rising clinical evidence. The effective clinical translation of cancer treatments based on nanomedicine depends on overcoming these obstacles. In this review, we take a different approach than earlier ones by bringing together topics such as tumor immunology, scalable manufacturing, future clinical implementation, molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death, and colloidal nanocarrier engineering to provide a comprehensive roadmap for the creation of next-generation precision nanomedicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":"17 8","pages":"853-876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart nanocarriers against MDR-tuberculosis: stimuli-responsive strategies for granuloma penetration and next generation therapy.","authors":"Raj Kumar Mandal, Jitu Halder, Aman Kumar, Balak Das Kurmi, Kirandeep Kaur, Amit Sharma","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2732635","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2732635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a global health concern due to long treatment durations, limited drug penetration into granulomatous lesions, systemic toxicity, and the persistence of dormant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. The granuloma microenvironment, characterized by hypoxia, acidic pH, enzymatic activity, dense extracellular matrix, and redox imbalance, acts as a barrier to the effectiveness of conventional antitubercular therapy. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers that enable targeted, controlled, and on-demand drug delivery in response to disease-specific stimuli. This narrative review summarizes peer-reviewed literature published between 2015 and 2025 on stimuli-responsive nanocarrier systems for MDR-TB therapy, retrieved from major scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and ResearchGate, focusing on granuloma-targeted drug delivery and nanomedicine strategies. Stimuli-responsive liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metallic nanocarriers demonstrate enhanced pulmonary accumulation with improved bacterial targeting and reduced systemic toxicity compared to free drugs. In addition, co-delivery strategies incorporating host-directed immunomodulators further improve bactericidal efficacy. Emerging approaches, including CRISPR-Cas‑based nano-therapies, RNA therapeutics, regenerative and stem cell-based strategies, artificial intelligence‑guided nanocarrier design, and biohybrid delivery systems, represent important future directions. Overall, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, integrated with next-generation technologies, offer a promising pathway toward precise and effective MDR-TB treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"911-934"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosome-based nanomedicine for neurological disorders: mechanisms, engineering, and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Nidhi Singh, Lahanya Guha, Alka Kumari","doi":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2715878","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20415990.2026.2715878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exosomes are naturally occurring extracellular vesicles that have emerged as promising bio-inspired nanocarriers for the treatment of neurological disorders owing to their intrinsic biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. This review highlights recent advances in exosome biology, cargo-sorting mechanisms, and engineering strategies designed to enhance therapeutic delivery and targeting within the central nervous system. Particular emphasis is placed on the application of engineered exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, spinal cord injury, neuropathic pain, and neuroinflammatory disorders. In addition, we discuss how exosomes compare with conventional delivery platforms and critically examine the major barriers limiting their clinical translation, including heterogeneity, scalability, reproducibility, purity, and regulatory standardization. By integrating mechanistic insights with translational perspectives, this review provides a framework for the rational design and future clinical implementation of exosome-based nanomedicines for neurological disorders. Relevant literature was identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Publications available from database inception through [Month Year] were screened using combinations of keywords including \"exosomes,\" \"extracellular vesicles,\" \"neurological disorders,\" \"brain-targeted delivery,\" \"exosome engineering,\" \"drug delivery,\" and \"clinical trials.\" Additional relevant articles were identified through manual searches of reference lists from selected studies and recent reviews.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"719-758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}