The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Development and Validation of the Mobility in Middle-Age Questionnaire (MMQ).","authors":"Roee Hayek,Carrie A Karvonen-Gutierrez,Jonathan F Bean,Jack M Guralnik,Kenneth Covinsky,Jay R Hoffman,Michal Azmon,Galit Yogev-Seligmann,Gregory Krautner,Odelyah Saad,Yaniv Nudelman,Rebecca T Brown,Shmuel Springer","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf205","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDMobility decline often begins in midlife and early identification of individuals at risk of accelerated deterioration can enable timely prevention. However, there is no validated self-report instrument that specifically assesses mobility in the middle-aged population.METHODSThe Mobility in Middle-Age Questionnaire (MMQ) was developed through a seven-step Delphi process, consisting of 10 experts, involving item selection and content validation in both English and Hebrew, comprising two factors: (1) Current Mobility Ability and (2) One-Year Mobility Change. Psychometric properties were assessed in 610 U.S. and 594 Israeli middle-aged adults. Analyses included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, structural and construct validity (using the 10-item Physical Functioning scale (PF-10) from SF-36), and floor/ceiling effect assessments. A 'Potential Mobility Risk Zone' was defined as the lowest 20% of MMQ scores.RESULTSThe MMQ showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α  =  0.94 English; 0.92 Hebrew) and strong test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.89-0.90). Exploratory factor analysis explained 66% of variance; confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit (CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, SRMR = 0.05). Construct validity was supported, with all pre-defined hypotheses confirmed. MMQ showed significantly lower ceiling effects than PF-10 (3.9% vs. 34.5% in U.S.; 0.17% vs. 25.25% in Israel, p < .001, large effect sizes). A score of 50 (20th percentile) was proposed as a preliminary \"Potential Mobility Risk\" Threshold.CONCLUSIONSThe MMQ is a reliable and valid tool for detecting early mobility decline in midlife. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm its predictive value and responsiveness to change.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Summary Measures of Longitudinal Frailty Assessments with Health Outcomes.","authors":"Benjamin Seligman,Dae Hyun Kim,Ariela Orkaby","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf161","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAssessment of frailty has become common in clinical settings to risk-stratify older adults. Understanding how to use repeated measurements answers important questions both for the clinical use of serial assessments and understanding frailty trajectories.METHODSUsing 2012-16 Health and Retirement Study data, we calculated six summary measures of assessments of frailty index (FI, 3 assessments) and Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP, 2 assessments): most recent value, maximum, minimum, mean, standard deviation (SD), and delta. We assessed the association of scaled values with mortality and institutionalization between 2016 and 2018, and three measures of epigenetic aging collected in 2016 using Cox, logistic, and linear regression respectively with adjustment for age, sex, and smoking. We then used LASSO regression to determine which summary measures were most often retained.RESULTS14,451 and 2,196 individuals had complete data for FI and FFP respectively. The maximum and most recent frailty values had the strongest associations with the outcomes considered, while those of SD and delta were weakest. In LASSO regressions, the maximum and most recent values were most commonly retained (12-13 of 20 regressions), followed by SD (7), mean (6), and minimum and delta (1 each).CONCLUSIONSThese findings show that maximum and most recent values of frailty tend to be most strongly associated with mortality. For clinicians, this means that the most recent assessment may be sufficient for many purposes and if historical data are unavailable.FUNDINGNational Institute on Aging; Office of Research and Development Department of Veterans Affairs).","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel DNA methylation-based surrogate biomarker for chronic systemic inflammation (InfLaMeS).","authors":"Helen C S Meier,Eric T Klopack,Mateo P Farnia,Belinda Hernandez,Colter Mitchell,Jessica D Faul,Cathal McCrory,Rose Anne Kenny,Eileen M Crimmins","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf202","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation is a risk factor for chronic diseases and mortality and is an important biomarker in health research. DNA methylation (DNAm) surrogate biomarkers are valuable exposure, risk factor and health outcome predictors in studies where the measures cannot be measured directly and often perform as well or better than direct measure. We generated a DNAm surrogate biomarker for chronic, systemic inflammation from a systemic inflammation latent variable of seven inflammatory markers and evaluated its performance relative to measured inflammatory biomarkers in predicting several age-associated outcomes of interest, including mortality, activities of daily living and multimorbidity in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). The DNAm surrogate, Inflammation Latent Variable Methylation Surrogate (InfLaMeS), correlated with seven individual inflammation markers (r= -0.2-0.6) and had similar or stronger associations with multimorbidity, disability, and 4-year mortality in HRS compared to the systemic inflammation latent variable measure when predicting multimorbidity, disability, and 4-year mortality in HRS. Findings were validated in an external cohort, The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing. These results suggest that InfLaMeS provides a robust alternative to measured blood-chemistry measures of inflammation with broad research applicability in instances where values of inflammatory markers are not measured but DNAm data is available.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Risk Prediction Model for Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients with Hip Fracture","authors":"Weili Zhang, Nan Tang, Jie Song, Mi Song, Qingqing Su, Xiaojie Fu, Yuan Gao","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf200","url":null,"abstract":"Background Postoperative delirium (POD) is associated with impaired cognitive function, increased morbidity, and mortality. Early identification of high-risk patients is critical for effective intervention. Methods Data from 2,516 older patients with hip fractures treated at the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital were retrospectively collected. Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were used to construct the prediction models. SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) analysis was performed to visualize the optimal model. External validation was conducted on 176 patients from March 2022 to November 2023 to assess the model's clinical applicability. Results The training dataset included 2,516 older patients, of which 367 (14.59%) developed POD. XGBoost demonstrated the best predictive performance (AUC = 0.92; accuracy = 86.4%; sensitivity = 87.7%; specificity = 85.1%; Brier score = 0.15). SHAP analysis ranked PNI (Prognostic Nutritional Index), ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists classification), and age as the top three predictors. External validation on 176 patients showed the XGBoost model maintained strong performance (AUC = 0.89; accuracy = 83.0%; sensitivity = 95.8%; specificity = 80.9%; Brier score = 0.15). Conclusions An ML-based model was developed and validated to predict postoperative delirium risk in older patients with hip fracture. These findings may help to develop personalized interventions to provide better treatment plans and optimal resource allocation. The interpretable framework can increase the transparency of the model and facilitate understanding the reliability of the predictive model for the physicians.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oropharyngeal Microbiome Alterations in Sarcopenia: A Nested Case-Control Study in Older Adults","authors":"Runjie Li, Wenhua Jiang, Huiyu Tang, Shuyue Luo, Xiaoyan Chen, Qian Chen, Ming Yang","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf201","url":null,"abstract":"Background Sarcopenia, associated with systemic inflammation, respiratory diseases, and known gut dysbiosis, poses a significant health burden. However, the role of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NP/OP) microbiome, a critical respiratory-digestive interface, in its pathogenesis remains unknown. Methods From a cohort of 830 nursing home residents with a sarcopenia prevalence of 61%, we conducted a nested case-control study. Sixty individuals with sarcopenia were propensity-score matched 1:1 with 60 non-sarcopenic controls (N = 120; 50% male). NP/OP swabs underwent full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess microbial composition and function. Results Individuals with sarcopenia exhibited significantly lower OP microbial α-diversity (Shannon p = 0.016), which remained robust after multivariable adjustment (Shannon p &amp;lt; 0.05). NP diversity was unchanged. Sarcopenia was associated with an NP/OP microbial profile suggesting increased pro-inflammatory potential: enrichment of Moraxella (NP, LDA &amp;gt; 2) and Haemophilus, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Listeriaceae (OP, LDA &amp;gt; 2), alongside depletion of potentially protective taxa (Pasteurellaceae, Alloprevotella tannerae, Prevotella aurantiaca, Eubacterium, Lachnoanaerobaculum) in controls. Specifically, increased Moraxella lincolnii (OR = 1.068, p &amp;lt; 0.05) and decreased Eubacterium (OR = 0.968, p &amp;lt; 0.05) were associated with sarcopenia. Functionally, pathways related to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis and saturated fatty acid metabolism were upregulated in sarcopenia, while short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and tryptophan metabolism were reduced. Conclusion Oropharyngeal microbial dysbiosis, characterized by lower diversity and a pro-inflammatory signature, is associated with sarcopenia. These findings highlight a potential relationship between the upper respiratory tract microbial environment and sarcopenia, a connection previously underappreciated. Understanding the interplay within the respiratory–gut–muscle axis may offer new perspectives on sarcopenia pathophysiology and its links with respiratory diseases.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of graded calorie restriction: XXII. impact of long-term graded calorie restriction on tissue partitioning, digestive efficiency, bone health and coordination in male C57BL/6J mice.","authors":"Sharon E Mitchell,Lucile Heib,Cara L Green,Davina Derous,Catherine Hambly,John R Speakman","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf168","url":null,"abstract":"Calorie restriction (CR) is the reduction in calorie intake while avoiding malnutrition. CR increases longevity and attenuates the development of many age-related diseases, although some unfavourable responses have been reported. In response to CR, energy is withdrawn from tissues to correct the energy deficit. Changes in tissue mass over short-term, 3 months graded CR (STCR) were complex and while most tissues reduced size, some grew. Employing a graded long-term CR (LTCR) protocol in male C57BL/6J mice, tissue utilisation, digestive efficiency, bone health and motor coordination was investigated. Mice were restricted by 10-40% over 580 days/19 months and sacrificed at 24 months old. Control mice fed ad libitum in the 12hr darkphase only (12AL) were regarded as 0CR. The patterns of tissue weights, digestive efficiency, and bone measurements across the levels of CR were consistent between the STCR and LTCR studies, highlighting shared similarities over both experiments. Notable differences were enhanced utilisation of the reproductive accessory organs which could be linked to a shutdown of the reproductive axis; reduced utilisation of the spleen, changes in the hierarchy of investment in the digestive organs which was not linked to digestive efficiency. The vital organs were protected from utilisation, with preservation of the brain by CR, presumably linked to reduced neurodegeneration and sustained coordination. The favourable effects of LTCR on bone health contradict previous negative reports. Overall, morphological changes determined within 3 months of CR, persisted to 19 months. The pattern of tissue utilisation may be critical to the beneficial effects of CR.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infusion of peripheral blood mononuclear cell alleviates amyloid accumulation and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Lu-Lu Xue,Ya-Qi Yang,Ruo-Lan Du,Zong-Jin Gan,Yang-Yang Zhao,Wen-Jing Wang,Ning Bi,Qiu-Lin Wang,Ting-Hua Wang,Liu-Lin Xiong","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf193","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the role of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in neurodegenerative activities has garnered significant attention, yet the role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. Based on our previous single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets of PBMCs from healthy controls and AD patients, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between healthy individuals and AD patients. These DEGs are involved in pathways related to apoptosis regulation, cognition, synaptic organization, and other AD pathology-associated biological processes using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. JUN, CHCHD10, HSPA8, RETN, S100A8, ITGA2B, HBG2, PPBP, and HLA-DQA2 have high correlation with these pathways. To further investigate the role of PBMCs in AD, PBMCs from 9- or 6-month-old wild-type mice (WT) were respectively injected into 9- or 6-month-old AD mice, we found that PBMCs could reduce Aβ plaques and phosphor-tau (p-Tau) deposition, improve cognitive function in AD mice without side effects. Additionally, intersection analysis with AD pathogenic genes, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated increased JUN expression in PBMCs of AD patients with higher specificity in the diagnosis of AD, with no significant sex- and age- dependent differences observed in its expression. This study provides a critical theoretical foundation for the clinical application of PBMCs and identifies JUN as a key regulatory gene within PBMCs.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Nephrology: FGF-23 as a Predictive Biomarker for Frailty and Adverse Outcomes in Older Adults.","authors":"Concepción-Zavaleta Marcio José,Cabellos Acuña Eduardo,Fuentes-Mendoza Jenyfer,Paz-Ibarra José","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial/ethnic differences in the association of lifestyle factors with biological aging in NHANES, 1999-2018.","authors":"Talha Arif,Aline Thomas,Daniel W Belsky,Yian Gu","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf194","url":null,"abstract":"Racial and ethnic disparities in healthy aging represent an emerging public health crisis that will only grow worse as our population grows older. Healthy lifestyle behaviors are proposed as a key strategy to promote healthy aging. However, the potential of lifestyle interventions to address aging health disparities is uncertain. We analyzed data from 42,625 adult participants (aged 20-85 years) participating in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 1999-2018 to evaluate relationships among healthy lifestyle behaviors and biological aging across White, Black, and Hispanic-identifying groups. We measured healthy lifestyle as adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and level of leisure-time physical activity using established methods. We measured healthy aging using the PhenoAge biological age algorithm applied to blood chemistry data. We tested associations within each race/ethnic identity group and compared associations across groups using regression models with interaction terms. We found that within each race/ethnic identity group, greater adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and higher levels of leisure-time physical activity were associated with younger biological age, independent of demographic and socioeconomic confounders, obesity, and smoking. However, these associations were stronger among White- as compared to non-Hispanic Black- and Hispanic-identifying adults. Results suggest that healthy lifestyle factors are likely to promote healthy aging across the population. However, lifestyle factors along may not be sufficient to completely address race/ethnic disparities in healthy aging. Future studies will need to investigate additional ways to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in healthy aging.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Aspirin on Grip Strength and Gait Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) Study.","authors":"Aung Zaw Zaw Phyo,Sara E Espinoza,Suzanne G Orchard,Rory Wolfe,Anne M Murray,Robyn L Woods,Joanne Ryan","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaf198","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDGrip strength and gait speed are key markers of physical functional capacity and general health in older people. This study aimed to examine the effect of low-dose aspirin on hand-grip strength and habitual gait speed in relatively healthy older people.METHODSThe ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) trial randomized 19,114 community-dwelling Australians and U.S. adults aged 70+ years (U.S. minorities ≥65 years) who were free of overt cardiovascular disease, dementia and limitations in activities of daily living to daily 100 mg aspirin versus placebo. Linear mixed models were used to compare the effects of treatment groups on changes in grip strength and gait speed over time, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare time to incident grip weakness and gait slowness between aspirin and placebo groups.RESULTSOver a median of 4.7 years, the changes in grip strength (Beta: 0.001; 95% CI: -0.004 to 0.005) and gait speed (Beta: -0.004; 95% CI: -0.010 to 0.001) did not differ significantly between aspirin and placebo groups. Over the study period, 6203 participants experienced incident grip weakness, and 6947 had incident gait slowness. There was no difference in the risk of incident grip weakness (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10) and gait slowness (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.05) between individuals randomized to aspirin versus placebo.CONCLUSIONSLow-dose aspirin use in relatively healthy older people did not affect gait speed or grip strength over time or reduce the risk of weakness and slowness.","PeriodicalId":22892,"journal":{"name":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}