Sprawy Narodowościowe最新文献

{"title":"Od tradycji do kreacji – wymiary i losy tożsamości centralnoazjatyckich","authors":"Joanna Książek","doi":"10.11649/sn.2011.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2011.023","url":null,"abstract":"From Tradition to Creation: Central Asian Identities and Their FatesAfter the collapse of the USSR, Central Asian states together with their independence got the opportunity of reconsidering and redefinition of the vision of national identity that until then had been created through the foreign power. This article considers diverse levels and kinds of local identities in Central Asia and tries to show in what way the contemporary states create a new national and state identity. In new circumstances, a new identity has to be built but this is very often done with old tools, originating from the former system.To understand these countries today one has to discover the meaning of the Soviet rule in this area, the power of tradition, and a particular fusion between these two factors, which lasted through the long time of the Soviet domination. Especially important in the traditional way of living is a framework of a solidarity group. The analysis of the identity dimensions confirms the special role of tribal ties, which are a fundamental element of social life and political movements in the past and present.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123278438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rytuały polityczne – kurs dla średniozaawansowanych","authors":"Grzegorz Marchwiński","doi":"10.11649/sn.2011.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2011.033","url":null,"abstract":"Political Rituals: An Intermediate CourseReview of: David I. Kertzer, Rytuał, polityka, władza, trans. Zygmunt Simbierowicz, Warszawa: Volumen 2010. (Original work: David I. Kertzer, Ritual, Politics, and Power, New Haven and London: Yale University Press 1988.) Rytuały polityczne – kurs dla średniozaawansowanychRecenzja: David I. Kertzer, Rytuał, polityka, władza, tłum. Zygmunt Simbierowicz, Warszawa: Volumen 2010. (Praca oryginalna: David I. Kertzer, Ritual, Politics, and Power, New Haven, London: Yale University Press 1988.)","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128477559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polityka językowa nacjonalizmu","authors":"Krzysztof Jaskułowski","doi":"10.11649/sn.2011.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2011.032","url":null,"abstract":"Language Politics and NationalismReview of: Tomasz Kamusella, The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe, London: Palgrave Macmillan 2009. Polityka językowa nacjonalizmuRecenzja: Tomasz Kamusella, The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe, London: Palgrave Macmillan 2009.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"415 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127893277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mniej greckości w Grecji, czyli kto z kim ma kłopot?","authors":"I. Jakimowicz-Ostrowska","doi":"10.11649/sn.2012.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2012.010","url":null,"abstract":"Less Greek Identity in Greece or Who Has a Problem with Whom?This article is one of many voices in the continuing debate about Greece as a nation and as a member of the European Union. It emphasises the following facts: characteristics of Greece’s relationship with the state and the citizen, understanding of the European Union and Greece’s role in the organisation, difficulties in the dialogue between Brussels and Athens. Due to the diversity and complexity of the issues presented, the troublesome relationship between Greece and its European partners has not been explored in full here.The aim of this article is to demonstrate the Greek point of view on current affairs as well as to show the difference in wider public opinion towards Greek politics. Consequently, this article invites discussion about Greek public affairs and allows the reader to acknowledge the very different Greek attitude towards political actions performed by the European Union institutions and politicians.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133228911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Status of a Territory, Nationalism and Appropriation of History: The Case of Kosovo","authors":"M. Lomonosov","doi":"10.11649/sn.2012.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2012.003","url":null,"abstract":"International Status of a Territory, Nationalism and Appropriation of History: The Case of KosovoThe issue of how legal arrangements pertaining to the international status of a political or administrative unit can influence the construction of the national identity is rarely addressed in the existing scholarship on ethnicity, nation and nationalism. Classical studies imply that nationalistically-prone political and cultural elites continuously strive to assemble all members of an alleged “nation” into one political unit. This, in turn, causes struggle for autonomy, independence, irredentism, secession, or, in the case of pan-nationalism, territorial expansion. It is also presupposed that real (if it can be the case), conceived, or constructed common ancestry of the members of a “nation” motivates nationalists to demand elevation of the nation’s status in the international arena, i.e. the recognition of autonomy and independence. However, the relationship between nation-building by means of constructed history and existing international personality is more complex. It can be the reverse. As the Kosovo case reveals, sometimes the existing international status of an administrative unit built upon ethnic principle determines the nation-building process, namely its historical side. Since 1945, the views of Kosovar elites regarding the ethnic origins of their constituents varied according to the political status of the region. As the latter was evolving, Kosovar intellectuals and politicians differently saw ethnic roots of Kosovar Albanians. At first they considered this issue unimportant, but later “revealed” all-Albanian Illyrian (independently of tribal groups) roots and finally embraced Dardanian provenance. Międzynarodowy status terytorium, nacjonalizm i zawłaszczanie historii: przypadek KosowaKwestia wpływu uregulowań prawnych odnoszących się do międzynarodowego statusu jednostki politycznej lub administracyjnej na budowanie tożsamości narodowej rzadko bywa podejmowana w badaniach naukowych nad etnicznością, narodem i nacjonalizmem. Klasyczne opracowania implikują, że nacjonalistycznie nastawione elity polityczne i kulturalne niezmiennie dążą do tego, by wszyscy członkowie rzekomego „narodu” skupili się w jedną strukturę polityczną. To z kolei powoduje walkę o autonomię, niepodległość, irredentyzm, secesję bądź, jak w przypadku pannacjonalizmu, ekspansję terytorialną. Zakłada się także, iż prawdziwy (jeśli taki może być) postrzegany bądź konstruowany wspólny rodowód członków „narodu” skłania nacjonalistów do tego, by domagać się podniesienia statusu tego narodu na arenie międzynarodowej, czyli uznania autonomii i niepodległości. Relacje pomiędzy budowaniem narodu za pomocą konstruowanej historii i istniejącej prawnej osobowości międzynarodowej są jednak bardziej złożone. Może być odwrotnie: przypadek Kosowa pokazuje, że funkcjonujący międzynarodowy status jednostki administracyjnej budowany na podstawach etnicznych czasami determinuje proces naro","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132024683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zasady etnopolitycznej i terytorialno-politycznej organizacji Jugosławii. Geneza, ewolucja, współczesne konsekwencje","authors":"Valentin Mihaylov","doi":"10.11649/sn.2011.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2011.021","url":null,"abstract":"Principles of Ethnopolitical and Territorial-Political Organization of Yugoslavia: Genesis, Evolution and Contemporary ConsequencesThe article is devoted to the principles of ethnopolitical and territorial-political organization of the Yugoslavian state. The study presents the genesis and evolution of this question in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (1918–1941) and in the Socialist Federation of Yugoslavia (1945–1991). In doing so it considers one of the most important and controversial problems in Yugoslavian ethnopolitics – the relations between its ethnopolitical and territorial-political subsystems. The author emphasizes dynamic changes and a lack of consistency in Yugoslav ethnopolitics. One issue in focus is the question of territorial-political reorganization of the federation at the beginning of the 1990s. The groups engaged in the struggle over the division of Yugoslavia applied various principles of delimitation of contentious areas. Susan Woodward identifies four main principles which the antagonist groups used as arguments for their “property right” over a given territory – historical, democratic, principle of the inviolability of borders and realistic principle. After the civil war during the 1990s, the Yugoslavian federation was reorganized into sovereign states by recognizing the existing internal administrative borders between the Yugoslav republics as international ones. The author also discusses contemporary problems of the ethnopolitical and territorial-political organization of post-Yugoslav countries and close relations between state-building and nation-building processes. Major current problems in the field of ethnopolitics are considered as a direct consequence of the influence of those accumulated during the seventy-year period of existence of a common state.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130304378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narodowe w formie, autorytarne w treści. Budowanie państwa w Azji Centralnej","authors":"Nartsiss Shukuralieva","doi":"10.11649/sn.2011.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2011.022","url":null,"abstract":"National in Form, Authoritarian in Content: State Building in Central AsiaAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union the new states of Central Asia faced a challenging task of building a new country, its symbols, relations between institutional power and the sovereign and imaginary geopolitical landscape. The grassroots processes of national awakening were coupled with deliberate activities of the dominant political actors striving to shape them in a way conducive to their power claims. Thus the monuments of great ancestors and the billboards presenting the image of incumbent presidents became a very common element of the symbolic landscape of Central Asia's new republics. The official speeches of the governing presidents have frequently referred to great historical figures, constructed historical analogies, praised the thousand years old traditions of the fatherland and adduced historical evidence testifying ancient roots of the countries.This article is focused on the mechanisms of ethnocentric reinterpretation of the past. For the newly constituted republics of Central Asia, the evidence of the past power status and glorious moments or, conversely, the past tragedies has been an equally strong legitimizing factor both internally and externally. No matter whether invented or constructed, the propagated national values have played a key role in justifying the power claims and international position of the new countries. Additionally, the paper’s objective is to analyze how state structures and institutions implement national solutions and how the authoritarian logic of the state institutions performed its power under the guise of national forms.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132075229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portret antropologiczny rdzennych mieszkańców pogranicza polsko-niemieckiego urodzonych przed 1945 rokiem","authors":"Magdalena Pokrzyńska, A. Zielińska","doi":"10.11649/sn.2011.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2011.019","url":null,"abstract":"An Anthropological Portrayal of the Native Inhabitants of the Polish-German Borderland Born Before 1945The article presents the results of field research carried out among the native inhabitants of the Lubusz Voivodship who were born in the former eastern territory of the then German state before 1945. Between 2009 and 2011, the authors conducted in-depth anthropological interviews with 28 informants in 17 localities in the Voivodship. These informants are the last remaining representatives of the former populace in this area, since the majority of the local inhabitants left Poland: some were evacuated or fled in the face of the advancing Red Army in 1945, others were victims of the so-called “wild” expulsions as well as resettlements, and still others emigrated under family reunification programs. One more factor was economic emigration, which has continued up to the present day. Thus, those inhabitants who remained are the last witnesses to the history of life experiences which began here already in pre-World War II times. This makes them special as they have a unique sense of rootedness in the region, unlike other inhabitants, who are newcomers there.The external identity of the interviewees, that is, the identity given to them by others, is often different from their internal, subjective identity, which is felt and expressed in narratives. In the period following World War II the native populace was termed “autochtons”. The category of “autochton” was constructed from the outside, taking into consideration only elements of Polish culture, and completely ignored any ties with German culture. The presence of the “autochtons” officially served the purpose of legitimizing the so-called “recovered territories”, that is, the territories incorporated into Poland in 1945. On the other hand, the autochtons were ascribed a German identity by new settlers who arrived in the Lubusz land from different regions of Poland, and who labeled the locals “Germans” or “Nazis”. The internal identity of the interviewees is characterized by Polish-German cultural bivalence, which shows most of all in their active bilingualism and often in denominational conversions or bivalent (Catholic-Evangelical) faith as well as a lack of a univocal acceptance of just one national option.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"484 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133835179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Słowiańska jedność?","authors":"Agnieszka Gucka","doi":"10.11649/sn.2012.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2012.015","url":null,"abstract":"Slavic Unity?Review of: Lilla Moroz-Grzelak, Bracia Słowianie: Wizje wspólnoty a rzeczywistość [Slavic Brothers: Visions of Community and Reality], Warszawa: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk (SOW) 2011. Słowiańska jedność?Recenzja: Lilla Moroz-Grzelak, Bracia Słowianie: Wizje wspólnoty a rzeczywistość, Warszawa: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk (SOW) 2011.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"434 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116014484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amerykański nacjonalizm","authors":"K. Kasiński","doi":"10.11649/sn.2012.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2012.009","url":null,"abstract":"American NationalismThe phenomenon of American nationalism dates back to the pioneer times of the Pilgrims and Founding Fathers, who established first social and political relations creating origins of a future developed country. Throughout the past centuries the term “nationalism” from an American perspective was tangled to various definitions and sometimes official politics of the state. American nationalism was first represented by faithful Protestant settlers who believed strongly in a God’s destined society. Based on that the first definition was coined by John Winthrop in his “City upon a Hill” – an idea of a land liberated from evil in all of its emanations, which is not distant and follows the will of an Absolute. One of the Founding Fathers – Thomas Paine in his Common Sense – developed Winthrop’s idea and presented Americans as people with unlimited abilities. American writers and first colonists believed in a Biblical promised land that offered them unlimited potential of self-growth. This strength of self-consciousness paved the way for a scientific term of superpatriotism. Coined by Michael Parenti, this term encompasses both democratic ideas of Alexis de Tocqueville and vision of a self-made man, who is the organizer of American statehood. American nationalism also derives from the ideology of Americacentrism, with its roots in the 19th century concept of Manifest Destiny, proclaiming a nation that is endowed with an eternal right to secure the world for democracy. This idea led to a long term debate in American political and social life as the United States became more and more involved in international affairs since the beginning of the 20th century. In sum, the idea of American nationalism is the result of the American melting pot of religious, cultural and specific historical circumstances that built this nation.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129846474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}