Mohammad Nasim Imtiaz Khan, Chak Yuen Cheng, Sung-Hao Lin, Abdullah Ash-Saki, Swaroop Ghosh
{"title":"A Morphable Physically Unclonable Function and True Random Number Generator using a Commercial Magnetic Memory","authors":"Mohammad Nasim Imtiaz Khan, Chak Yuen Cheng, Sung-Hao Lin, Abdullah Ash-Saki, Swaroop Ghosh","doi":"10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9136975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9136975","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a morphable security primitive using commercial magnetic memory is proposed which can be utilized as a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) and as a True Random Number Generator (TRNG) by manipulating the write time and the number of write pulses respectively. The intra-HD, inter-HD, energy, bandwidth and area of the proposed PUF is found to be 0, 46.25%, 0.14pJ/bit, 0.34Gbit/s and $mathbf{0.385}mumathbf{m}^{mathbf{2}}/mathbf{bit}$ (including peripherals) respectively. The proposed TRNG provides all possible outcomes with a standard deviation of 0.0062, correlation coefficient of 0.05 and an entropy of 0.95. The energy, bandwidth and area of the proposed TRNG is found to be 0.41pJ/bit, 0.12Gbit/s and $mathbf{0.769}mumathbf{m}^{mathbf{2}}/mathbf{bit}$ (including peripherals). The proposed TRNG has also been tested with NIST test suite.","PeriodicalId":225828,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128226019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moeez Akmal, Muhammad Sarmad Saeed, Muhammad Usama Sardar, Hareem Shafi, O. Hasan, Heba Khdr, J. Henkel
{"title":"Comparative Framework for the Analysis of Thermal and Resource Management Algorithms for Multi-Core Architectures","authors":"Moeez Akmal, Muhammad Sarmad Saeed, Muhammad Usama Sardar, Hareem Shafi, O. Hasan, Heba Khdr, J. Henkel","doi":"10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9137038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9137038","url":null,"abstract":"On-chip multi-core architectures have emerged as a new paradigm for executing highly parallel and resource demanding applications. However, inefficient resource management and thermal issues in these multi-core architectures may lead to performance degradation. To cater for these issues, several resource and thermal management algorithms have been proposed. These algorithms are usually analyzed independently and under different environmental settings, which makes a fair comparison between them very difficult. In order to overcome this problem, this paper presents a generic framework for analyzing various resource and thermal management algorithms under similar settings. The proposed framework is developed using C++ and has been successfully used to compare mDTM and a variant of DsRem.","PeriodicalId":225828,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129002475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinbo Chen, Keren Liu, Xiaochen Guo, P. Girard, Yuanqing Cheng
{"title":"DOVA: A Dynamic Overwriting Voltage Adjustment for STT-RAM L1 Cache","authors":"Jinbo Chen, Keren Liu, Xiaochen Guo, P. Girard, Yuanqing Cheng","doi":"10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9137020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9137020","url":null,"abstract":"As device integration density increases exponentially predicted by Moore's law, power consumption becomes a bottleneck for system scaling. On the other hand, leakage power of on-chip cache occupies a large fraction of the total power budget. STT-RAM is a promising candidate to replace SRAM as on-chip cache due to its ultra-low leakage power, high integration density and non-volatility. However, building L1 cache with STT-RAM still faces severe challenges especially because of its high write latency and energy overheads. Moreover, intensive accesses in L1 cache accelerate oxide breakdown and threaten the lifetime of STT-RAM significantly. In this paper, we propose a Dynamic Overwriting Voltage Adjustment (DOVA) technique for STT-RAM L1 cache. A high write voltage is used for performance critical cache lines while a low write voltage is used for other cache lines to approach an optimal trade-off between reliability and performance. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can improve cache performance up to 18%, and 9% on average with almost the same reliability level as in the case when only the low write voltage is used.","PeriodicalId":225828,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124596130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Riad, Jianhao Chen, E. Sánchez-Sinencio, Peng Li
{"title":"Variation-Aware Heterogeneous Voltage Regulation for Multi-Core Systems-on-a-Chip with On-Chip Machine Learning","authors":"Joseph Riad, Jianhao Chen, E. Sánchez-Sinencio, Peng Li","doi":"10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9136985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9136985","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale systems-on-a-chips (SoCs) have stringent power requirements to ensure adequate supply of power to on-die devices and prevent catastrophic timing violations. Heterogeneous voltage regulation (HVR) leveraging a combination of on-chip and off-chip voltage regulators has been advocated for ensuring power integrity with maximum efficiency. However, unavoidable process and temperature variations have not been considered in prior HVR work. In this paper, we present an in-depth evaluation of the impacts of process and temperature variations on HVR. Furthermore, we propose a systemic solution to incorporate variation awareness into the HVR system control policy to add a further improvement of up to 4.28% in system power efficiency with minimal hardware overhead.","PeriodicalId":225828,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123866328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to Retrieve PUF Response from a Fabricated Chip Securely?","authors":"Aijiao Cui, Yuxi Wang","doi":"10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9137044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9137044","url":null,"abstract":"Physical unclonable function (PUF) has been widely applied as a security primitive in multiple authentication schemes. It is usually adopted in the chip design and used to generate a unique key to authenticate one with key to operate the design normally. PUF responses hence need to be retrieved in a secure way rather than be accessible to anyone. To highlight the importance of this issue, we first identify the scenarios where secure retrieval of PUF response is necessary. We then propose the principle to retrieve the PUF-based key in a secure way and discuss the evaluation criteria. We survey, classify and evaluate the existing work on this issue and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme. Suggestions are finally given for the designers to select appropriate retrieval scheme in a specific hardware design.","PeriodicalId":225828,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"107 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113949459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han Xu, Ziru Li, F. Qiao, Qi Wei, Xinjun Liu, Huazhong Yang
{"title":"CDS-RSRAM: a Reconfigurable SRAM Architecture to Reduce Read Power with Column Data Segmentation","authors":"Han Xu, Ziru Li, F. Qiao, Qi Wei, Xinjun Liu, Huazhong Yang","doi":"10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9136993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9136993","url":null,"abstract":"SRAM access takes a significant part of on-chip power consumption in many signal processing systems. Reconfigurable data-adaptive SRAMs (RSRAM) can save considerable read power by utilizing data patterns. In these RSRAM designs, the column size (i.e., the number of cells in one column) of the cell array defines the granularity of data pattern exploitation. However, the column size cannot be too small due to circuit constraints, which makes finer-grained data features hidden and suppresses RSRAM's advantage of low-power read. In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable SRAM architecture with column data segmentation (CDS-RSRAM) to break this limitation to exploit better data patterns without decreasing the column size. We partition data in one column into several segments and perform statistical analysis on every segment respectively. Each data segment has one exclusive flag bit to control its working mode while reading. This architecture can leverage data patterns at finer granularity and magnify RSRAM's advantage of low-power read. We also make a thorough overhead analysis and improve the mode decision strategy to minimize the power overheads. The simulation results show that compared with the original RSRAM, the proposed architecture saves up to 36.8% read power with 8.8% area overhead. Compared with 8T SRAM, the total power saving can be up to 77.1%.","PeriodicalId":225828,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125702499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stress-Induced Performance Shifts in Flexible System-in-Foils Using Ultra-Thin Chips","authors":"Tengtao Li, S. Sapatnekar","doi":"10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9136992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9136992","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon-based ultra-thin chips (UTCs) are used to build flexible system-in-foils (SiFs) for bio-sensing and bio-monitoring, and utilize CMOS devices that deliver much higher performance than alternatives such as organic or thin-film transistors. Flexible SiFs experience significant mechanical stress in the field due to the deformation caused during daily use. These impact circuit performance, potentially causing a loss in functionality. This paper first models the stress due to two types of packages schemes for UTCs. Next, the stress is translated to shifts in mobility and threshold voltage of CMOS devices. Finally, the system-level performance variations of two common SiF elements, an A/D converter and an SRAM, are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":225828,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126024449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EGAN: A Framework for Exploring the Accuracy vs. Energy Efficiency Trade-off in Hardware Implementation of Error Resilient Applications","authors":"Marzieh Vaeztourshizi, M. Kamal, M. Pedram","doi":"10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9137041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9137041","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a framework, which is called EGAN, for exploring the trade-off between accuracy and energy efficiency in hardware implementation of error resilient applications. EGAN automatically extracts the Pareto frontier (PF) of approximate implementations of an error resilient application based on the data flow graph (DFG) of the application as well as the accuracy and energy consumption of the available approximate/exact components. The framework explores different implementation configurations heuristically to find the best energy efficient implementation of the input application under various output accuracies. The proposed framework, which works by generating some random configurations, clustering them and suggesting some neighboring configurations, reduces the search space considerably. As a result, EGAN achieves a significant reduction in the number of explored configurations compared to the exhaustive (exact) approach while achieving near-optimal results. The efficacy of the proposed framework is assessed using three DSP applications consisting of Sobel edge detector, Finite Inverse Response (FIR) filter and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The studies show that in the worst-case (DCT application with 42 components) EGAN takes 89 hours to extract the PF whereas the exact approach takes 5 million years.","PeriodicalId":225828,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114704012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ichihashi, J. Zeng, Y. Woo, Xuelian Zhu, Chenchen Wang, James Mazza
{"title":"Performance Boost Scheme with Activated Dummy Fin in 12-nm FinFET Technology for High-Performance Logic Application","authors":"M. Ichihashi, J. Zeng, Y. Woo, Xuelian Zhu, Chenchen Wang, James Mazza","doi":"10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9136997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9136997","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates performance enhancement with activated dummy fins based on a 12-nm FinFET technology definition for high-performance logic module design. The proposed scheme uses a double-height cell structure with two additional active fins enabled compared to traditional single-height cell stacking. The increase in total active fins in the proposed scheme results in higher effective transistor density and better cell performance. Through Design and Technology Co-Optimization, the parasitic capacitance of these proposed cells can be further decreased, with a NAND $2times 4$ cell yielding about 20% lower parasitic capacitance per fin compared to a traditional single-height cell. The proposed scheme shows the highest efficacy for gate-dominant and complex module designs like CPUs.","PeriodicalId":225828,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"53 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117299530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IMU-based Smart Knee Pad for Walking Distance and Stride Count Measurement","authors":"Teng-Chia Wang, Yan-Ping Chang, Chun-Jui Chen, Yun-Ju Lee, Chia-Chun Lin, Yung-Chih Chen, Chun-Yao Wang","doi":"10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9136969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED48828.2020.9136969","url":null,"abstract":"To calculate the knee angle, stride counts, and walking distance, we propose a system, iKneePad, fusing two 9-axis sensors with Bluetooth equipped on the thigh and shank segments. The changing rates of hip and knee angles are used to determine the beginning and the ending of a stride. The thigh length, shank length, hip angle, and knee angle are used to calculate the walking distance. The experimental results show that the accuracy of stride count is 100%, the absolute mean errors of knee angle are 2.99° and 1.42° for the maximum and minimum flexion angles, respectively. For walking distance, the mean error rates are −2.40% and −2.26% for short (10m) and long (33m) distances, respectively. The proposed system also instantly provides feedback to users by showing on an Android smartphone when conducting rehabilitation or exercise with iKneePad.","PeriodicalId":225828,"journal":{"name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"31 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120876545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}