Progress in Photovoltaics最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Ga Variation on the Bulk and Grain-Boundary Properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Absorbers in Thin-Film Solar Cells and Their Impacts on Open-Circuit Voltage Losses","authors":"Sinju Thomas,&nbsp;Wolfram Witte,&nbsp;Dimitrios Hariskos,&nbsp;Stefan Paetel,&nbsp;Chang-Yun Song,&nbsp;Heiko Kempa,&nbsp;Matthias Maiberg,&nbsp;Nora El-Ganainy,&nbsp;Daniel Abou-Ras","doi":"10.1002/pip.3843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3843","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polycrystalline widegap Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGSe) absorbers for top cells in photovoltaic tandem devices can be synthesized via [Ga]/([Ga] + [In]) (GGI) ratios of &gt; 0.5. However, the power conversion efficiencies of such high-GGI devices are smaller than those of the record cells with GGI &lt; 0.5. In the present work, the effects of the GGI ratio on various CIGSe material properties were studied and correlated with the radiative and nonradiative open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_OC) deficits of the thin-film solar cells. Average grain sizes, grain boundary (GB) recombination velocities, fluctuations in luminescence energy distribution, barrier heights at GBs, effective electron lifetimes, and Urbach energies were investigated in five solar cells with GGI ratios from 0.13 to 0.83. It was found that the GGI variation affects GB recombination velocities, fluctuations in spatial luminescence distributions, the average grain size, the electron lifetime, and the Urbach energy. In contrast, the detected ranges of barrier heights at GBs are independent of the GGI ratio. Mainly Ga/In gradients give rise to substantial radiative <i>V</i>_OC losses in all solar cells. Nonradiative <i>V</i>_OC deficits are dominant especially for solar cells with GGI &gt; 0.5, which can be attributed to low bulk lifetimes and enhanced recombination at GBs in CIGSe absorbers in this compositional range.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 2","pages":"265-275"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3843","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CuIn (Se,Te)2 Absorbers With Bandgaps <1 eV for Bottom Cells in Tandem Applications","authors":"Thomas Paul Weiss,&nbsp;Mohit Sood,&nbsp;Aline Vanderhaegen,&nbsp;Susanne Siebentritt","doi":"10.1002/pip.3851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3851","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thin-film solar cells reach high efficiencies and have a low carbon footprint in production. Tandem solar cells have the potential to significantly increase the efficiency of this technology, where the bottom-cell is generally composed of a Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ absorber layer with bandgaps around 1 eV or higher. Here, we investigate CuIn(Se_1 − xTe_x)₂ absorber layers and solar cells with bandgaps below 1 eV, which will bring the benefit of an additional degree of freedom for designing current-matched two-terminal tandem devices. We report that CuIn(Se_1 − xTe_x)₂ thin films can be grown single phase by co-evaporation and that the bandgap can be reduced to the optimum range (0.92–0.95 eV) for a bottom cell. From photoluminescence spectroscopy, it is found that no additional non-radiative losses are introduced to the absorber when adding Te. However, \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>V</mi>\u0000 <mi>OC</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {V}_{OC} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> losses occur in the final solar cell due to non-optimized interfaces. Nevertheless, a device with 9% power conversion efficiency is demonstrated with a bandgap of 0.97 eV and \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>x</mi>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>0.07</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ x&amp;amp;#x0003D;0.07 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, the highest efficiency so far for chalcopyrites with band gap &lt;1 eV. Interface recombination is identified as a major recombination channel for larger Te contents. Thus, further efficiency improvements can be expected with improved absorber/buffer interfaces.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 2","pages":"253-264"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Potential-Induced Degradation and Recovery in Perovskite Minimodules","authors":"Junchuan Zhang,&nbsp;Haodong Wu,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Fangfang Cao,&nbsp;Zhiheng Qiu,&nbsp;Minghui Li,&nbsp;Xiting Lang,&nbsp;Yongjie Jiang,&nbsp;Yangyang Gou,&nbsp;Xirui Liu,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Asiri,&nbsp;Paul J. Dyson,&nbsp;Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin,&nbsp;Jichun Ye,&nbsp;Chuanxiao Xiao","doi":"10.1002/pip.3848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3848","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a prevalent concern in current commercial photovoltaic technologies, impacting their reliability, with the mechanistic basis for PID in perovskite photovoltaic technologies being poorly understood. Here, we investigate the PID mechanism in perovskite minimodules. Our findings reveal nonuniform degradation in the photoluminescence intensity and spectral blue shift. After 60-h laboratory PID stress tests at −1500 V and 60°C, device efficiency drastically decreases by 96%, and the shunt resistance decreases by 97%, accompanied by a significant quantity of Na⁺ ions (derived from the soda lime glass) throughout the device structure, leading to a typical PID-shunting effect. Interestingly, we observed a rapid recovery of device performance during room-temperature dark storage, in which Na⁺ ions located close to the glass substrate side rapidly migrated out of the device. Moreover, we also found that the Na⁺ ions do not appear to diffuse through the grain boundaries but rather their neighboring area and grain interiors, judging by microscopic conductivity mappings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 12","pages":"941-949"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Ag Addition on the Microscopic Material Properties of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 Absorbers and Their Effects on Losses in the Open-Circuit Voltage of Corresponding Devices","authors":"Sinju Thomas,&nbsp;Wolfram Witte,&nbsp;Dimitrios Hariskos,&nbsp;Rico Gutzler,&nbsp;Stefan Paetel,&nbsp;Chang-Yun Song,&nbsp;Heiko Kempa,&nbsp;Matthias Maiberg,&nbsp;Daniel Abou-Ras","doi":"10.1002/pip.3845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3845","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ag alloying of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGSe) absorbers in thin-film solar cells leads to improved crystallization of these absorber layers at lower substrate temperatures than for Ag-free CIGSe thin films as well as to enhanced cation interdiffusion, resulting in reduced Ga/In gradients. However, the role of Ag in the microscopic structure–property relationships in the (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se₂ thin-film solar cells as well as a correlation between the various microscopic properties of the polycrystalline ACIGSe absorber and open-circuit voltage of the corresponding solar cell device has not been reported earlier. In the present work, we study the effect of Ag addition by analyzing the differences in the various bulk, grain-boundary, optoelectronic, emission, and absorption-edge properties of ACIGSe absorbers with that of a reference CIGSe absorber. By comparing thin-film solar cells with similar band-gap energies ranging from about 1.1 to about 1.2 eV, we were able to correlate the differences in their absorber material properties with the differences in the device performance of the corresponding solar cells. Various microscopic origins of open-circuit voltage losses were identified, such as strong Ga/In gradients and local compositional variations within individual grains of ACIGSe layers, which are linked to absorption-edge broadening, lateral fluctuations in luminescence-energy distribution, and band tailing, thus contributing to radiative <i>V</i>_OC losses. A correlation established between the effective electron lifetime, average grain size, and lifetime at the grain boundaries indicates that enhanced nonradiative recombination at grain boundaries is a major contributor to the overall <i>V</i>_OC deficit in ACIGSe solar cells. Although the alloying with Ag has been effective in increasing the grain size and the effective electron lifetime, still, the Ga/In gradients and the grain-boundary recombination in the ACIGSe absorbers must be reduced further to improve the solar-cell performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 12","pages":"930-940"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence Angle Effect: Validation of New Measurement Methods for IEC 61853-2","authors":"Mauro Pravettoni, Min Hsian Saw, Giorgio Bardizza, Giovanni Bellenda, Romain Couderc, Gabi Friesen, Werner Herrmann, Shin Woei Leow, Stefan Riechelmann, Flavio Valoti, Arvid van der Heide, Frank Weinrich, Stefan Winter","doi":"10.1002/pip.3850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3850","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence angle effect causes a decrease in the photogenerated current of PV modules when they are subject to incident irradiance at wide angles: Its relevance should be quantified for accurate energy yield purposes and has recently gained significance due to the rising interest in novel integrated PV applications, where vertical or nonoptimal tilt are favored (e.g., in urban structures, in agrivoltaics, and vehicles). The international standard IEC 61853-2 presents both outdoor and indoor measurement methods: However, the indoor measurement method for commercial-size modules is often impractical due to irradiance uniformity limitations on the volume spanned by the tested module upon rotation in most of the solar simulators available on the market. In recent years, new solutions have been proposed to overcome these limitations and allow wider adoption of this standard: However, method validations and interlaboratory comparisons have been conducted so far only on small-area samples, and a real validation on commercial-size modules is still missing. In this work, we aim at filling this gap, reporting the results of an interlaboratory comparison conducted within the international project team that is currently working at the new edition of IEC 61853-2. The results show a remarkable agreement between different measurement methods, thus validating more options for the evaluation of this important effect.","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rooftop PV Potential Determined by Backward Ray Tracing: A Case Study for the German Regions of Berlin, Cologne, and Hanover","authors":"Marlon Schlemminger,&nbsp;Dennis Bredemeier,&nbsp;Alexander Mahner,&nbsp;Raphael Niepelt,&nbsp;Michael H. Breitner,&nbsp;Rolf Brendel","doi":"10.1002/pip.3844","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3844","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photovoltaics (PV) on building rooftops is a major contributor to the decarbonization of energy systems. We simulate the PV energy yield potential for 2.5 million individual roofs in three German regions. We cumulate the results for each single roof to calculate the cost-potential curves for the three cities Berlin, Cologne, and Hanover. These curves give the amount of electricity that can be generated at less than a given cost per kWh. We find that these curves have the shape of a hockey stick. Neglecting the dependence of PV investment on building size and thus on the system sizes causes largely different cost-potential curves that differ by 11%–18% for flat roofs due to their heterogeneous building size distribution. The cost-potential curves of the three cities are very similar when appropriately normalized, for example, by the local solar irradiation and the settlement area of the city, despite substantial variations in population density. This allows for an extrapolation of our results. For Germany, we reveal an upper limit for the total electricity generation from rooftop PV of 762 TWh/a with cost as low as 6.9 ct/kWh without accounting for area losses due to chimneys, air conditioning systems, and so forth. We estimate the actual potential to be at least half of that figure.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 12","pages":"912-929"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3844","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photovoltaics literature survey (No. 193)","authors":"Ziv Hameiri","doi":"10.1002/pip.3842","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3842","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In order to help readers stay up-to-date in the field, each issue of &lt;i&gt;Progress in Photovoltaics&lt;/i&gt; will contain a list of recently published journal articles that are most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including &lt;i&gt;IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Renewable Energy&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Physics&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Applied Physics Letters&lt;/i&gt;. To assist readers, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions please email Ziv Hameiri at &lt;span&gt;[email protected]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Pham, PV&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Mai, TH&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Dash, SP&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Transfer of 2D films: From imperfection to perfection&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Acs Nano&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;): &lt;span&gt;14841&lt;/span&gt;–&lt;span&gt;14876&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Hanif, MF&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Mi, J&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Harnessing AI for solar energy: Emergence of transformer models&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Applied Energy&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;369&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;123541&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Han, YB&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Fang, XS&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Shi, ZF&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Advances in chalcogenide perovskites: Fundamentals and applications&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Applied Physics Reviews&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;): 021338.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Chakraborty, A&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Lucarelli, G&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Xu, J&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Photovoltaics for indoor energy harvesting&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Nano Energy&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;128&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;109932&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Buratti, Y&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Javier, GMN&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Abdullah-Vetter, Z&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Machine learning for advanced characterisation of silicon photovoltaics: A comprehensive review of techniques and applications&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;202&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;114617&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Gupta, V&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Kumar, P&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Singh, R&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Unveiling the potential of bifacial photovoltaics in harvesting indoor light energy: A comprehensive review&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;276&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span&gt;112660&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Chen, KJ&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Johnston, SW&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Taylor, PC&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Crystalline Si surface passivation with nafion for bulk defects detection with electron paramagnetic resonance&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Acs Applied Materials and Interfaces&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span&gt;17&lt;/span&gt;): &lt;span&gt;22736&lt;/span&gt;–&lt;span&gt;22746&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0000 &lt;span&gt;Chen, XT&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Kamat, PV&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;Janáky, C&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;span&gt;Charge ","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 10","pages":"746-750"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and Electronic Structure of the i-ZnO/InxSy:Na Front Contact Interface in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Thin-Film Solar Cells","authors":"Dirk Hauschild,&nbsp;Frank Meyer,&nbsp;Andreas Benkert,&nbsp;Thomas Dalibor,&nbsp;Monika Blum,&nbsp;Wanli Yang,&nbsp;Friedrich Reinert,&nbsp;Clemens Heske,&nbsp;Lothar Weinhardt","doi":"10.1002/pip.3840","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3840","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The chemical and electronic structure of the front contact i-ZnO/In_xS_y:Na interface for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂-based thin-film solar cells is investigated using a combination of x-ray and electron spectroscopies. Upon i-ZnO sputter deposition on the In_xS_y:Na buffer layer, we find an intermixed heterojunction and the formation of InO_x and Na₂SO₄. The window layer is shown to consist of a mixture of Zn(OH)₂ and ZnO, with decreasing relative Zn(OH)₂ content for thicker window layers. Moreover, we observe diffusion of sodium to the surface of the window layer. We derive electronic surface band gaps of the i-ZnO and In_xS_y:Na layers of 3.86 ± 0.18 eV and 2.60 ± 0.18 eV, respectively, and find a largely flat conduction band alignment at the i-ZnO/In_xS_y:Na interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 12","pages":"904-911"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Performance, Loss Analysis, and Efficiency Potential of Industrial-Type PERC, TOPCon, and SHJ Solar Cells: A Comparative Study","authors":"Qinqin Wang,&nbsp;Kaiyuan Guo,&nbsp;SiWen Gu,&nbsp;Wei Huang,&nbsp;Hui Peng,&nbsp;Wangping Wu,&nbsp;Jianning Ding","doi":"10.1002/pip.3839","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3839","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Currently, the efficiency of p-type passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) cells has been growing at an absolute efficiency of 0.5% per year and has reached 23%–23.5% in mass production while getting closer to its theoretical efficiency limit. n-Type tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) and silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells with their superior “passivating selective contacts” technology were the most interesting photovoltaics (PV) technology in the industry. The effect of different passivated contact layers with respect to their influence on the <i>J</i>_<i>0</i>, <i>J</i>_{<i>0,metal</i>}, <i>ρ</i>_c, and the carrier selectivity (S₁₀) and the loss analysis and efficiency potential of industrial-type PERC, TOPCon, and SHJ solar cells were studied and compared. The results showed that TOPCon structure with a high passivation performance and good optical performance is more suitable for bifacial solar cell and the highest theoretical limiting efficiency with metal shading on the n-type Si wafer (<i>η</i>_{<i>b,e,h,m,max</i>}) can be achieved to 27.62%. Although SHJ structure with the highest passivation performance but the worst optical performance owing to the parasitic absorption of a-Si:H layer and high contact resistivity, the value of <i>η</i>_{<i>b,e,h,m,max</i>} is 0.7% lower than that of TOPCon solar cells. PERC structure has superior optical performance than SHJ structure, but due to poor passivation performance, the <i>η</i>_{<i>b,e,h,m,max</i>} is only 26.42%. The next-generation products may be heterojunction back-contact (HBC) and TOPCon back-contact (TBC) cells with high <i>η</i>_{<i>b,e,h,m,max</i>} of 28.12% and 27.99%, respectively. Exploiting a perfect passivation of the noncontact area, the wide process window and low cost are required and transferring these new concepts to industrial solar cell production will be the next major challenge.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 12","pages":"889-903"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PVSails: Harnessing Innovation With Vertical Bifacial PV Modules in Floating Photovoltaic Systems","authors":"Giuseppe Marco Tina,&nbsp;Amr Osama,&nbsp;Raniero Cazzaniga,&nbsp;Monica Cicu,&nbsp;Jon Hancock,&nbsp;Eamon Howlin,&nbsp;Marco Rosa-Clot,&nbsp;Paolo Rosa-Clot","doi":"10.1002/pip.3841","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3841","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the context of offshore floating photovoltaic systems (FPVs), this paper explores the use of bifacial photovoltaic modules installed in the vertical position. The energy harvested from the rear face of vertically configured bifacial PV modules compensates for the reduced production at the front face of the module, and this demonstrates the potential of bifacial technology for offshore applications. By comparison, most existing horizontally tilted bifacial FPV systems gain only a small benefit in production from the rear face of the module due to the minimum radiation received, and what also must be taken into consideration is the negative effect of significant soiling owing to the low tilt angle of the PV modules. Hence, to overcome these drawbacks, we have developed the innovative “PVSail” concept, which explores the deployment of vertical FPV systems on floats, buoys, or poles/minipiles. Floating vertical bifacial PV systems (VBPVs) have huge potential to harness all the energy generation capabilities enhance by reflected light, especially from snow-covered surfaces in northern regions. Our analysis considers a patented mooring and vertical PV system that allows the VBPV structure to align with the prevailing wind direction to shed wind loads, and our numerical analysis explores the potential of VBPV applied to Catania in Italy and Nigg Bay in the United Kingdom. Our analysis study has revealed that across an azimuth angle range (0°–180°), vertical bifacial modules experience roughly a 9% decrease in energy yield at Catania and about a 5% energy yield gain in higher latitude regions like Nigg Bay. Additionally, increasing the latitude of the installation location of VBPV reduces the energy yield sensitivity to the orientation, that is, azimuth angle. The PVSail concept opens the door to novel deployment possibilities in offshore renewable energy projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 12","pages":"872-888"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142191330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}