Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Theoretical Assumption And Practical Implications Of Teaching, Diagnosis And Evaluation At School Lessons Of Selected Elements Of The Structure Of Health Related Fitness (H-RF)","authors":"E. Szymańska, I. Čillík, K. Szymańska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.8547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8547","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of the study is to present the results of the conducted pedagogical experiment assessing the adaptation process to continue physical effort for a long time without signs of fatigue by boys aged 10 years. In addition, the author’s original method for evaluating Health-Related Fitness components was presented.\u0000Main findings. The pedagogical experiment was carried out during physical education classes with an experimental group comprising boys, using a continuous run for 40 lesson units as a warm-up in the form of running games and a control group performing standard tasks introducing the exercises. In the children from the control group, during the first and last classes of the experiment, during the run, the SPORT TESTER measured cardiovascular response. Experiment effectiveness was assessed based on the results of the analysis of heart rate stabilisation and the results of the 1,000-m run. It was proposed to evaluate the value of the 1-000-m run results compared to other Health-Related Fitness components, using the uni year scoring scale created by the author.\u0000Results. During the final stage of the experiment, the process of stabilising exercise heart rate was found in boys from the experimental group, indicating muscle metabolism processes at the oxygen threshold level typical for jogging. All participants of the experiment completed the Punctual train 1,000-m race with a better result than before the experiment.\u0000Conclusions. \u00001. The conducted experiment allowed to achieve positive results in the scope of improving economy of continuous running. Ten-year-old children in the second exam, without signs of greater fatigue, covered a distance of 1,000 m.\u00002. The proposed fun and game forms can be successfully used to teach continuous runs and serve as a standard and objective tool for assessing endurance.\u00003. The uni year scoring scale can help students in self-assessment of Health-Related Fitness.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124585973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic Analysis of the Kick Start Underwater Phase of Young Male Swimmers","authors":"Łukasz Wądrzyk, Robert Staszkiewicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7797","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The introduction of a starting block with an adjustable and slanted footrest has caused the development of a new starting technique - the Kick Start. Therefore, research on swim start seems necessary, particularly concerning the Kick Start underwater phase. Aim: The study aim was to characterise the underwater phase of the Kick Start among young, male, competitive swimmers. Basic procedures. The study included 32 male, youth, competitive swimmers (mean age=16.61 years, height=1.80 m, body mass=72.47 kg, FINA Points=617). Participants executed three freestyle Kick Starts recorded using an underwater high-speed camera. Videos were kinematically analysed using the Skill Spector programme. Then, k-means clustering was applied. Results. Participants were classified into three clusters. Cluster FT (“flat trajectory”) comprised swimmers with a ”flat” course of underwater movement - low value of the angle of water attack (KA=0.92o), maximum depth of the head (hmax=0.85 m), distance (dmax=0.71 m), and time to maximum depth of the head (tmax=0.51 s). Group MT (“moderate trajectory”) had moderate values of the above-mentioned parameters (KA=10.27o, hmax=0.93 m, dmax=1.03 m, tmax=0.60 s), while Cluster DT (“deep trajectory”) achieved the highest values (KA=15.74o, hmax=1.05 m, dmax=1.38 m, tmax=0.73 s). The time to reach 15 m in Cluster FT was about 0.3 s slower than in Group MT and DT, although this dissimilarity was not significant. Conclusions. The course of underwater movement is mostly affected by the angle at which swimmers submerge. There is no “ideal” way to perform the underwater phase, however, it should not be executed too close to the water surface.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123480617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Body Mass Index and fundamental movement patterns as determinants of speed abilities in male college athletes using multidimensional linear regression","authors":"J. Domaradzki, D. Koźlenia, I. Trojanowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7795","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Speed is the fundamental motor skill in many sports. Factors determining its level are the subject of many researchers’ investigations. There are only few data on the relationship between morphological features, movement patterns, and speed abilities. The aim was to assess connections between weight-height proportions, movement patterns and the speed abilities of male college athletes.\u0000Methods. 41 men, college athletes (20.60 ± 1.22 years). The criterion of inclusion was: absence of injury during the 6 weeks before the tests, doing a sport discipline that included the speed component. Body height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. The FMSTM test and motor trials: Long jump, 20m Linear Speed, Agility T-test were conducted. \u0000Results. There were no simple relationships between the FMSTM score and motor tests, only the Deep Squat test significantly correlated with the Long Jump. Higher body weight and BMI value were associated with worse time at 20m Linear Speed. BMI proved to be better predictors of the results of speed tests (20 linear speed, Agility T-test) rather than movement patterns.\u0000Conclusions. Speed abilities are associated with many other factors that have a greater impact on the speed. The correct pattern of the Deep Squat allows to release more power of the lower limbs in the Long Jump. Maintaining the correct body mass in relation to the body height determines the possibility of achieving better results in speed tests.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124744751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of rowing speed andeffectiveness using the innovative “Laura” boatcompared to other rescue boats","authors":"Andrzej Ostrowski, Marek Strzała, A. Stanula, A. Skaliy, Marek Makowiec","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7796","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The objective of this work was evaluation of rowing speed and effectiveness using the innovative “Laura” boat comparedto other rescue boats.\u0000Basic procedures. The research was conducted in July 2017 on Rożnów Lake amongst 20 men within the age of 20-22 years, students of the University of Physical Education in Kraków. Their task was to cover a 100-m length in “Laura”, “Iwona” and “Mazurek” row boats. The evaluated items were speed of swimming by measuring the time to cover the route and the effectiveness by counting executed rowing cycles while rowing in a straight line – from halfway (50 m) to the buoy located in the middle of the return route (25 m before the finish).\u0000Results. Based on the calculations, it was concluded that the fastest boat was “Laura” (average time: 105.22 sec) and the slowest was “Iwona” (average time: 143.74 sec). Also, basing on an analysis of rowing straight and round a buoy, it was proved that the subjects rowed the most effectively using the “Laura” boat, making less paddle movements than in the other vessels. Main findings. The results of the research authorize the statement that the innovative “Laura” boat, apart from its many pros connected with its design, allows efficient and fast rowing both in a straight line and when turning.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130615708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Body Mass Index and Functional Movement Screent Scores as Determinants of Speed Abilities in Male College Athletes","authors":"Iwona Malarz, K. Wrześniewski, Joanna Basiaga-pasternak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7811","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of the study was to show the dominant types of physical activity and their causes in patients with metabolic syndrome undertaking regular and sporadic physical activity, as well as to determine whether their sporting activities are related to the sense of efficacy and life satisfaction.\u0000Materials and methods. Forty-one women diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were tested, 20 regularly (on average, 6.48 hours a week allocated to sports) and 21 sporadically practicing sports (the average number of hours devoted to physical activity in this group is 1.25). The author’s \"Active Lifestyle\", SWLS Satisfaction with Life Scale and the GSES Generalised Self Efficacy Scale in Juczyński's adaptation were used.\u0000Results. Patients with metabolic syndrome undertake physical activity, mainly on their own initiative, to improve their health. In this group, walking and aerobics were the most popular. The respondents were characterized by an average sense of efficacy. The level of life satisfaction is higher in the group of subjects regularly practicing sports. Regularly performing sport is accompanied by patients with metabolic syndrome having greater satisfaction with (r = 0.311*, p = 0.047).\u0000Conclusions. Regular physical activity of patients with metabolic syndrome is associated with life satisfaction. Therefore, physical activity should be clearly promoted in obese patients (patients) with metabolic disorders.\u0000\u0000null\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124165563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method in Improving High Performance Sports Training for Polish Women’s Football Players","authors":"E. Mleczko, W. Adamus, Z. Witkowski, Renata Tokarz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7794","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. objective of the work is an attempt to optimize the model of the girls' football training system in Poland, taking into account the current economic and political conditions and the possibility of using the multi-criteria method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as an innovative technique in solving problems in sport. \u0000Material and methods. The AHP method by T.L. Saaty was used to solve the decision problem. For the purpose of this study, a group of girls’ football experts (trainers) was set up, who made comparisons based on a specially prepared questionnaire. The collected data was analysed using the Expert Choice program. \u0000Findings. The analysis of priority values pointed to the criteria, which should be particularly considered during the process of training girls in football. These include, in order: condition preparation (0,-414), profession (0,-274), recruitment and selection (0,-118), to a lesser extent,material structure (0,-058) and the training base (0,-031). In the criterion of fitness preparation according to experts, the largest share falls on: the effectiveness of shots per goal, andequally: speed of decision making, knowledge, explosive strength and running speed, whilethe smallest share regards the attribute of oxygen efficiency and flexibility. In the criteria, the number of scored goals scored, the rank of the competition, the warnings and the number of matches in the season were indicated in first place. In the next criteria, which concerned recruitment and selection, the respondents pointed to: state of health, intellectual abilities, biological development, general fitness, somatic structure, emotional stability, psychological predisposition and interest in sport. An equally important criterion in the sports training system is renewal. In it, the most important are: nutrition, resistance to diseases and injuries, the ability to quickly regenerate, supplementation, physical therapy and pharmacological treatment. One important criterion, but indicated further, is the material structure. To a large extent, it consists of: psychological, technical, tactical preparation, motivation for continuous improvement. The last criterion, which has a share in the effectiveness of training, is training base. The largest share of the four sub-criteria includes: individualization of training, monitoring training and social security, and in last place, grouping.\u0000Conclusions. 1. The AHP method is useful for defining priorities in developing a sports training system for young football players.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"361 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122762459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possibilities for Applying the Witty Sem System in the Diagnosis, Optimization and Control of Athletic Training","authors":"Ewelina Kołodziej, Janusz Jaworski, Dariusz Tchórzewski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7798","url":null,"abstract":"Information about the effects of activity and adaptation of human body to a given load represent an integral part of managing the training process in sport. Therefore, new tools are constantly being developed to help optimize training. The purpose of this study is to present the possibilities for using the Witty SEM system (Microgate) in order to support diagnostics, control and optimization of training effects. To date, the Witty SEM system has been used to evaluate running speed and speed endurance in training practice. However, with a similar level of physical abilities, some reserves are also expected to be present in the optimization of coordination preparation. Consequently, the tools for evaluating the coordination of motor abilities are being constantly improved. For this purpose, computer tests, the Vienna Test System and psychotechnical apparatus are typically used. Nonetheless, these tools mainly measure fine motor skills. With the development of the Witty SEM system, new opportunities have emerged for the examination of complex coordination activities. The system allows for adaptation of popular motor tests and the creation of individual coordination tests adjusted to the specific nature of various sports. Numerous benefits of the system also include its reliability, the possibility of choosing various testing options (tests can be adjusted to the age and somatic parameters of study participants), small dimensions and mass, short time needed to prepare the system for operation, mobility of the equipment and long battery life. This suggests opportunities for the comprehensive use of this system in training practice of various sports.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133746563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF FOOT ARCHES AND FOOT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN 10-11-YEAR-OLD MALE SOCCER PLAYERS","authors":"E. Mikołajczyk, A. Jankowicz-Szymańska, E. Smoła","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.6498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6498","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of the study was to compare the longitudinal arch of the foot and foot pressure distribution (FPD) parameters in young male soccer players and controls.\u0000Methods. A group of 50 soccer players and 50 non-training controls participated in the project. Their height and weight were measured, and body fat percentage (BFP) and BMI calculated. The height of foot arches and FPD were examined. \u0000Results. Participants did not differ with age, height or BMI. However, soccer players were significantly lighter and had smaller BFP. The mean Arch Index (AI) was similar in both groups but more soccer players had very high foot arches whereas more controls a low longitudinal arch of the foot. Normal arches prevailed in controls. The AI became greater with the increase of BMI, both in soccer players and in controls. FPD was greater in controls on the head of the first metatarsal bone, whereas in soccer players on the head of the fifth metatarsal bone. A significantly greater FPD on the medial heel was found in both groups as compared to the lateral heel pressure, which was greater in controls.\u0000Conclusions. Regular soccer training changed FPD but affected the longitudinal arch of the foot less distinctly. Soccer training cannot be treated as an element supporting the process of proper foot formation in children.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129506841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRAINING LOADS DURING THE MARATHON PREPARATORY PHASE - A CASE STUDY OF THE POLISH MARATHON RECORD HOLDER","authors":"Sara Szost, M. Ozimek, W. Mirek, Joanna Ciepielowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.6500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6500","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. For many years researchers and coaches have been struggling with a crucial experimental problem of examining the relations between sport result and the elements of training loads. The main question of the theory of endurance sports is the study of the influence of varied activities on human system, which will eventually transfer into results improvement. By enriching the scientific knowledge regarding organism adaptation to different stimuli in terms of physiology, biochemistry, biomechanics and physical therapy, coaches and scholars have been developing theoretical foundations of workout. \u0000Purpose of research. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the training loads of the competitive marathoner, the polish marathon record holder. The analysis is based on two mesocycles with a duration of 8 weeks of preparatory phase, guided by two different coaches. Moreover, another crucial issue included in the study is the comparison of the training framework and training loads in particular weeks.\u0000Material and method. The practical implementation of the theory is provided with the use of research material of Olympian, who is also the Polish marathon record holder, in a form of his workout logs. The content of the workout logs includes two marathon mesocycles, each with a duration of 8 weeks of preparatory phase.\u0000Results. The analysis of the volume of training loads in the eight-week mesocycle shows the diversity between the two studied marathon preparatory phases. Considering the efficacy based on the race result, it should be said that the workout plan of the first coach came out to be more beneficial for the marathoner. \u0000Conclusions. Hence, it should be said that it is the general running endurance which should be the main workout element of every elite runner. Increased number of kilometers definitely conduces to achieve satisfactory marathon results. Moreover, one should remember that most of the marathon work should be done in oxygen balance.\u0000Key words: marathon, training loads, runner, preparatory phase\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132073380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KINEMATICS OF LOWER LIMBAND PELVIC WORK DURING RUNNING IN NEUTRAL AND MINIMALIST FOOTWEAR AMONG A GROUP OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED RUNNERS","authors":"W. Chwala, W. Mirek, Andrzej T Klimek, Krzysztof Mirek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.6499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6499","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Aim. The aim of the study is to characterise and compare the values of angle changes within the lower limb joints in the sagittal plane and spatial pelvic movements while running in minimalist and neutral footwear. Materials and methods. Research was carried out among a group of 13 participants (6 men and 7 women), highly qualified male and female athletes from the AZS AWF (University of Physical Education) Kraków club. Registration of the run and analysis of the results was performed using spatial motion analysis via the Vicon system with speeds at 3.94±0.45 m/s for men and 3.97±0.32 m/s for women, and 3.91±057 m/s and 4.1±0.36 m/s for men and women, respectively, in the group of highly qualified athletes. Results. At the initial point of foot contact with the ground, the minimalist footwear run was characterised by greater plantar flexion totalling about 5º compared to the run in neutral footwear. There was also a 8º higher value of dorsiflexion during the amortisation phase and a lower value by approx. 5º during the swing phase in this joint when running in minimalist footwear. In the knee joint, a value of about 6º higher flexion was observed during the amortisation phase when running in minimalist footwear. Differences in hip joint angle of approximately 6-8º were found during maximal extension of the joint during the final rebound phase. Spatial pelvic movements were similar during runs in both types of footwear. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that some of the amortisation and driving force tasks are taken over by the sports footwear. During the run in minimalist footwear, a key role in the field of body amortisation is played by the increased range of knee flexion, while during the rebound phase, the increased range of hip joint extension predominates.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123175858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}