Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Intellectual teaching - an effective way to train young footballers","authors":"H. Duda, Mateusz Kaczor, E. Dybińska, Katarzyna Kucia","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7803","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Learning the physical (technical) activity in the colloquial training of young football players is usually carried out by directly feeling the movement, that is through specific \"kinesthetic instructions\" (muscular-motor). Nevertheless, in order for the process of shaping the movement to take place more effectively (creating motor imaginings), it is important to provide specialist knowledge in so-called intellectual training. \u0000Research aim and research questions.The study is of utilitarian nature, because the main research goals set, aim at modifying the current concept of teaching methodology in sports games on the example of football, which is related to the visibility of the role of knowledge about the activities being taught and activities in the game. Confirmations of this thesis were sought at institutions training young gifted players (football adepts). The following research questions were posed: 1. Does the knowledge about the player's physical activities influence the effectiveness of learning special techniques? 2. Will the mental teaching (intellectualization) have a positive effect on the effectiveness of the (technical) movement?\u0000Materials and methods. Continuous research was conducted on an annual basis (in 2011-2015) among students of the Football Sporting School in Kraków. The surveyed pupils were a group of senior footballes - the age of the respondents aged 14-15. Forty-eight young players participated in continuous research, divided into 2 subgroups in an organised selection: experimental (E) and control (K), each with 24 players. The experimental group participated in the experimental training session once a week; and theoretical as well as practical classes, lasting 90 minutes. These classes, based on mental teaching in global terms, were characterised by a much lower intensity and volume of practical classes, but a greater mentalisation of training compared to the control group. \u0000Results. Analysis of research results confirmed the importance of intellectual training. The experimental group, in relation to the control group, had higher values in the level of specialist knowledge, technical skills and, above all, higher parameters for the simulated game.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126490123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sense of efficiency and helplessness, fear and styles of coping with stress in adolescents practicing sports","authors":"Joanna Basiaga-pasternak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7805","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Sense of efficacy is one of the important predictors of an athlete's efficiency [1]. The aim of the study was to show whether there is a relationship between the level of sense of efficacy vs. the sense of helplessness in girls and boys undertaking sports and level of anxiety (cognitive and somatic) as well as the dominant styles of coping with stress.\u0000Procedures. The study comprised 222 individuals - students of sport high-schools from the Małopolskie and Śląskie voivodeships (108 girls, average age =17.52 years and 114 boys, average age =18.47 years). The Intrapersonal, Interpersonal and World AttitudesQuestionnaire [Kwestionariusz Nastawień Intrapersonalnych, Interpersonalnych i Nastawień wobec Świata (KNIIŚ)] created by Ewa Wysocka was used [2] - the \"Sense of efficacy\" and \"Sense of helplessness\" scale (version for high-school students); Endler and Parker's \"Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS)\" in the Polish adaptation by Szczepaniak, Strelau, Wrześniewski [3] and \"Reactions to Competition\" by Smith, Smoll, Schutz in the Polish adaptation by Krawczyński, were also implemented [4].\u0000Results. It has been shown in the research that respondents are dominated by a sense of efficacy over helplessness, a task-oriented style of coping with stress, and somatic fear before a start. In addition, it was found that there is a relationship between sense of efficacy and sense of helplessness with somatic anxiety that is moderated by sex, as well as a relationship between the sense of helplessness and the level of distraction, and a relationship between the sense of helplessness and the level of worrying that is also moderated by gender. Also observed was a correlation between the style of coping consisting in seeking social contacts with sense of helplessness among the surveyed girls.\u0000Conclusions. A practical postulate arises regarding strengthening sense of efficacy, especially among female competitors.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132916664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the distribution of foot force on the ground before and after a kinaesthetic stimulation","authors":"Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki, Dariusz Kruczkowski, J. Bukowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1273","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Analysis of the distribution of foot force on the ground in children before and after kinaesthetic stimulation. Materials and methods. Research was conducted from April 11 to May 22, 2019, in two groups of children aged 7-12. The experimental group (E) consisted of children attending dance classes, while the control group (C) comprised their peers undergoing mandatory physical educations classes. To obtain answers to the posed research questions, the tests were carried out using a sub-pararographic mat. The results were analysed using the Statistica program. The authors are aware that some of the results obtained are nonparametric data, therefore, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used. Considering further results analysed via the Student’s t-test, non-parametric data were analysed for this test. Results. There were statistically significant differences between the average results of the subjects at the level of p<0.05 occurring before the introduction of kinaesthetic stimulation. Distribution of forces on the metatarsal bones of the left foot (pd0.04), the tarsus bones of the left foot (pd0.0078), the toes of the right foot (pd0.0039) and the metatarsal bones of the right foot (pd0.03). However, after stimulation, a statistically significant difference at the level of pd0.0076 occurred in the distribution of forces on the bones of the toes of the right foot. Analysing the average results, statistically significant differences were observed for COP distance (pd0.0001) and the area of t he body’s barycentre ellipse (pd0.01999). Conclusions. Dance practiced in childhood significantly affects the postural stability of the body and the distribution of forces on the ground. It was also noticed that when performing fast movements, there were noticeable differences in the body posture of dancing and non-dancing children.","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123682970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The level of somatic abilities and motor skills compared to sports level among 12-14-year-old female tennis players","authors":"Angelika Skórka, Joanna Sakowicz-Kostecka, Jakub Spieszny","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7806","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Tennis has been becoming increasingly popular year by year. However, it is a very difficult sport discipline in terms of technique, it requires a high level of fitness and coordination motor skills. In the first training stages, great importance needs to be given to movement coordination, which conditions the speed and efficiency of learning the technique. \u0000Aim. The main aim of the dissertation is assessment of individual profiles of somatic feature development, coordination skills and energy-based motor skills among female tennis players with various rankings in the Polish Tennis Federation and were no more than 14 years old. \u0000Material and methods. Research was conducted in February 2013 during the Polish indoor tennis championships of the youth division up to the age of 14. Twenty-six female players ranked first to twenty-sixth in the Polish Tennis Federation were the subject of the research. The research included anthropometric measurements, motor tests and computer tests of coordination skills. The collected datawas analyzed via basic statistical characteristics and normalized indicators. \u0000Results. The sports level of young female tennis players is considerably determined by the size of somatic features and the level of coordination skills. Morphological- functional profiles of individual cases unambiguously indicate that the elements determining sports level of the tennis players balance one another and are dynamic in nature. However, the problem of achieving balance of the variables in the “model of a champion” at this training stage requires further and more detailed research.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129768874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary threats to professional sport resulting from beginning specialist training too early","authors":"Danuta Umiastowska, U. Domańska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1274","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Professional sport aims at the highest feat forcing players to achieve such a form guaranteeing victory. The career of a young athlete and focus on strict sports specialisation starts very early. The threat to professional sport comes from technological progress and the lack of natural, general forms of activities in the early school period, and resulting in movement pattern disorders and compensations resulting from them. Aim. Presentation of contemporary threats to professional sport resulting from the early implementation of sport specialisation. Research materials and methods. The research material is a group of 60 girls and 60 boys (15-19 y.o.) attending sports schools in the West Pomeranian voivodeship. The research was carried out in the period from 2015-2019 by means of questionnaire implementation. Results. The respondents declared lack of movement and general development activities in the early school period. Very early direction towards a particularly chosen sport caused a number of dysfunctions of the movement apparatus and influenced the occurrence of injuries and breaks in sports training. Moreover, it caused early termination of sports career among 70% of players. The exceptions were swimmers and water rescue participants. Conclusions. 1. Among the examined girls and boys, there was a regression in the continuation of sports career by young people attending sports schools. 2. The reason for the early completion of sports training may be the lack of movement and general development training in the early school period, and sports specialisation began far too early.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128933707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological model of physical fitness determinants among children and adolescents in Poland compared to worldwide research, part 1.","authors":"E. Mleczko, R. Malina, E. Cieśla, E. Szymańska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7871","url":null,"abstract":"Research aim: 1. Understanding the level of physical activity among children and adolescents in 38 countries around the world, based on research conducted using the ecological model by JF Sallis, 2. Assessment regarding the functioning of the ecological model of physical activity in Poland in light of the research results obtained by the organisation \"Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance ( AHKGA)\".\u0000Research methods: Analysis of documents issued by members of the AHKGA organisation with particular emphasis on the publications found in the Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2016, 13 (Suppl. 2), S343-S366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0594 © 2016 Human Kinetics, Inc., as well as Polish reports, bulletins and ordinances of the Ministry of Health and Sport, the government and social organisations.\u0000Research results: The conducted research on physical fitness among children and youth from 38 countries of four continents proved the existence of a paradox. An inverse relationship has been found between increased physical activity in all forms of games, in active transport to schools (and back), and a lower sedentary lifestyle of children and adolescents in countries with poorer sport and recreational infrastructure. Better infrastructure and implementation of sports and recreation programmes did not go hand in hand with an increase in physical activity and the limitation of sedentary behaviours. It can therefore be assumed that spontaneous, unorganised participation in physical activity is more important for achieving desired pedagogical goals than supervised and imposed activation programmes for implementing physical exercises. The highest marks from the components of the ecological model taken into account (General Physical Activity, Participation in Organised Sport, Active Play, Active Transport, Sedentary Behaviour, Family and Friends, School, Local Community and Surroundings. Government Strategies and Investments) were obtained by Denmark, Slovenia and the Netherlands... Surprisingly, the functioning of the ecological model of physical activity in Japan was poorly assessed.\u0000The physical activity of Polish children can be considered average compared to their peers living on all continents of the world. This means that only a small percentage of children in Poland comply with WHO recommendations regarding daily physical activity (combined at medium and high levels) to counteract the negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle. There is no balanced approach in Poland to supporting the physical activity of children and adolescents. The best functioning area in this respect is the school, where activities are focused on improving school infrastructure and physical education classes. There is a lack of representative research concerning the physical activity of children below the age of 9 and a complete lack of scientific analyses in the area of active play. The fact that less than a quarter of children and youth in Poland (11-15 years) is suffic","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131761124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of programmable support in the teaching of football techniques in women's groups","authors":"H. Duda","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7808","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Introduction. The dynamic development of football and the requirement of an effective game means that the learning process of footballers' activities requires the search for more and more effective methods, hence, in the study, programmed teaching is proposed, which, according to the author, will effectively prepare a player to master the technique of the game.\u0000Aim. The main objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of providing information on a football player's motor activities using a method based on programmed teaching.Materials and methods. Experimental teaching and tests were carried out as continuous research for a period of 5 months in annual training cycles for a given group in the years 2006-2015, among third-year physical education students at the University of Physical Education in Kraków. The study included 120 female students who participated in programmed football classes were examined. In the given training cycles, two groups were created, one of which – the experimental group (6 people in the annual learning cycle), who throughout the study, participated in the experimental training unit once a week - theoretical and practical classes lasting 90 min. In the second group - the control group (6 people in the annual training cycle), the teaching process was carried out using traditional methods, where information about the footballer's movement activities was transmitted during practical exercises in the form of instructions.\u0000Results and conclusions. Analysis of the obtained research results confirms the research hypothesis that programmed teaching accelerates the learning of elements of football technique, hence, it can be used as support in the process of effective football learning to play football.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125838597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative look at the morfo-functional profiles of the polish junior and senior badminton representation","authors":"Michał Żak, Janusz Jaworski, S. Żak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7809","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of the study was to compare the morpho-functional profiles of Polish badminton players in junior and senior age categories and to check the stability of variables determining the sports level of Polish representatives in the junior category compared to the results achieved in this respect by the senior representatives.\u0000Materials and methods. Research was conducted in 2017 among a group of 12 badminton players appointed to the Polish team. The comparative data were derived from research among 16 juniors, representing the Polish team of badminton players for this age category. The scope of research included those variables that - using multidimensional statistical analyses - were identified as determinants of the sports level regarding the so-called morpho-functional profile prepared for a group of juniors. These were the following variables: body height, shoulder width, arm range with racket, amplitude of movements in the radial-wrist joint, power of upper and lower limbs, running speed, strength of adominal muscles, response time with choice, spatial orientation, coupling of movements and kinesthetic differentiation. Basic volatility measures and morpho-functional profiles in the adopted groups were calculated for all the included variables, using the mean results and standard deviations of both badminton representations. The T scale was used in this respect.\u0000Results. In the majority of the examined variables, relatively small individual differences were found, being smaller in the senior group than in the junior set. In the junior group, the difference between individual variables reached the limit of 0.52 standard deviation, with a slight dominance of energy-related abilities. A slightly larger variation (0.62 SD) was observed in the group of seniors with a clear dominance of coordination abilities. A large advantage of seniors over juniors was also seen (in addition to coordination abilities) in the scope of wrist mobility, MAP (maximal anaerobic power) of lower limbs and abdominal muscle strength.\u0000Conclusions. The obtained results confirmed the correctness of the use of progressive training in youth groups of badminton players. The analyses also suggest the need to verify training programmes for young badminton students, with clear emphasis on the need for early formation of the level of coordination abilities and comprehensive development of motor skills.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116560370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sense of generalised self-efficacy and the nutritional behaviour of district-level football referees","authors":"M. Gacek, Grażyna Kosiba","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.7807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7807","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nutritional behaviours are determined by numerous environmental and individual factors. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess nutritional behaviours among referees of district football matches depending on sense of generalised self-efficacy. Materials and methods: The study was conducted among a group of 138 men - football referees at a regional level (Małopolska and Podkarpackie Football Association) using the author’s questionnaire on nutritional behaviours and the Generalised Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Results: The surveyed football referees, at the highest percentage, consumed at least 3 meals a day (85.11%) and preferred unsweetened beverages for hydration (81.11%). The frequency of including cereal products during every meal (71.78%), avoiding fast food (70.00%), hydrating properly after training (66.44%), avoiding sweetened carbonated beverages (59.65%), consuming fish at least once a week (58.88%) and limiting sweet and salty snacks (54.98%) was also high. Referees with a high sense of self-efficacy significantly more often preferred unsweetened beverages (p<0.05), correctly replenished fluids during (p<0.05) and after training (p<0.001), consumed fruit (p<0.001), as well as vegetables (p=0.001), cereal products (p<0.001), dairy products (p<0.01) and fish (p<0.01) at the recommended frequency and avoided energy drinks more often (p<0.05) than referees with low self-efficacy. Conclusions: A limited scale of rational nutritional behaviours and their differentiation due to the level of generalised selfefficacy was indicated in the examined group of male football referees at a regional level, with an indication of more favourable nutrition choices among men with a higher sense of self-efficacy.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124851449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Athletic talent as a scientific problem and challenge for practice","authors":"V. Issurin","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.8546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8546","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. A narrative review of the research results of the multi-aspectual phenomenon of sports talent by researchers from various research centers around the world.\u0000Basic procedures. Analysis and synthesis in a narrative review of various methodological concepts regarding research on sports talent, with particular notice of selected American (USA), Canadian, Dutch, German (DDR) and Soviet (USSR) stances. \u0000Results. The commonly accepted approach presupposes the division of long-term preparation into a number of stages, at which various age and sport-specific tasks are solved, and young athletes overcome appropriate phases of their giftedness and talent evaluation. The objective difficulties in Talent Identification (TI) are associated with variations in the rate of maturation and unevenness of biological and sport-specific development of young prospects. Serious restrictions regarding early evaluation of giftedness and talent are associated with the lack of psychological measures and insufficient attention paid to personality traits that, to a great extent, determine the achievement of exceptional performance. Talent Identification (TI) in team sports requires more sensitive tests for prediction of successful game activity; such an item as fatigue tolerance was not taken into account by training experts and analysts.\u0000Main findings. 1. Athletic Talent is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon that is widely considered from methodological, biological, philosophical and social positions; 2. The methodological foundation can be considered the basic background for general comprehension of the problem and fulfilment of various scientific and practical projects directed towards the recognition, identification and promotion of talented individuals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":223482,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131151516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}